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Transistor current sources
Transistor current sources

... very large but this implies that, for a specified current, the voltage source must be very large. Thus, efficiency is low (due to power loss in the resistor) and it is usually impractical to construct a 'good' current source this way. Nonetheless, it is often the case that such a circuit will provid ...
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... needed for stability; larger capacitors can be used if high output current surges are anticipated. The ADP3330 is stable with extremely low ESR capacitors (ESR ≈ 0), such as Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors (MLCC) or OSCON. Note that the effective capacitance of some capacitor types may fall below the ...
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... 2) both R1 and R2 equally ...
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IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
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Mesh currents

... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
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... In order to enable proper operation of the switched capacitor (SC) section of AD converters, two DC buffers are added to the device. One is buffering the voltage reference level and the other is buffering the level of value equal to (VDD-VSS)/2. The AD converter block is further split into a voltage ...
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... can be simplified if account is taken of the fact that steady–state operation is supposed. Since no time–variation is allowed, the time–derivative  dW d t of the electromagnetic energy is cancelled, and since all elements in the system are at rest, the mechanical power done by electromagnetic actio ...
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...  When the circuit in figure 14.14 provides current to the load, the base current of QN increases from I Q /  N to approximately i L /  N .  Thus the current I BIAS must be greater than the maximum anticipated base current source I BIAS . (This sets a lower limit for I BIAS )  Note I Q  nI BIAS ...
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... rails. Normally, these diodes are reversed biased and have negligible effect on circuit operation. However, if the input voltage is allowed to exceed the supply voltages by enough to forward bias these diodes (generally, 0.3V to 0.6V) excessive input current could flow. If this condition could occur ...
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... The drawback conventional architecture is the opamp output is not stable and hence BGR output, and also start up problem in the circuit. In current mode architecture output is very sensitive with respect to temperature and high power dissipation in the circuit which is in terms of mill volts [1] [6] ...
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... parts. Customers who inadvertently purchase counterfeit parts experience many problems such as loss of brand reputation, substandard performance, failed applications, and increased cost of production and manufacturing delays. Fairchild is taking strong measures to protect ourselves and our customers ...
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... 4.5 Output Stage – EL84/6BQ5 Pentode Push-Pull In this Class AB push-pull output stage, one tube is pushed into conduction and the other tube is pulled into cutoff (class B), and there is a region of Class A overlap where both tubes conduct equivalent levels of current. The cathodes are raised above ...
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TRIAC



TRIAC, from triode for alternating current, is a genericized tradename for an electronic component that can conduct current in either direction when it is triggered (turned on), and is formally called a bidirectional triode thyristor or bilateral triode thyristor.TRIACs are a subset of thyristors and are closely related to silicon controlled rectifiers (SCR). However, unlike SCRs, which are unidirectional devices (that is, they can conduct current only in one direction), TRIACs are bidirectional and so allow current in either direction. Another difference from SCRs is that TRIAC current can be enabled by either a positive or negative current applied to its gate electrode, whereas SCRs can be triggered only by positive current into the gate. To create a triggering current, a positive or negative voltage has to be applied to the gate with respect to the MT1 terminal (otherwise known as A1).Once triggered, the device continues to conduct until the current drops below a certain threshold called the holding current.The bidirectionality makes TRIACs very convenient switches for alternating-current (AC) circuits, also allowing them to control very large power flows with milliampere-scale gate currents. In addition, applying a trigger pulse at a controlled phase angle in an AC cycle allows control of the percentage of current that flows through the TRIAC to the load (phase control), which is commonly used, for example, in controlling the speed of low-power induction motors, in dimming lamps, and in controlling AC heating resistors.
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