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5 Batch Distillation - Vishwamitra Research Institute
5 Batch Distillation - Vishwamitra Research Institute

... This operating equation represents a line through the point yj(xj+1 = xD) with a slope of R/(R + 1). Starting from this point (xD,xD), which corresponds to the distillate composition, Equation 5.6 and the equilibrium curve between yj and xj can be recursively used from top plate 1 to the reboiler (t ...
SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION
SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION

... combinations. The rational basis for combining AEDs is largely based upon their modes of action, although these mechanisms are not fully understood for some drugs. The efficacy of the newer AEDs in adjunctive therapy trials is often evaluated in terms of percentages of responders, a responder being ...
Saurashtra University
Saurashtra University

... trovafloxacin also have good activity against anaerobic bacteria. Ciprofloxacin (Gram-negative) and moxifloxacin (anaerobic) have the best activity in their respective groups 3 . Classification of Quinolones 3 The new classification of quinolone antibacterial takes into account the expanded antimicr ...
Effects of Acute Caffeine Administration on Adolescents
Effects of Acute Caffeine Administration on Adolescents

Effects of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of selected
Effects of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of selected

... CYP2C9 metabolizes phenytoin, tolbutamide, warfarin, and NSAIDs (Knodell et al. 1987; Veronese et al. 1991; Rettie et al. 1992; Leemann et al. 1993). Both CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 are induced by rifampicin and phenytoin. CYP2C9 is inhibited by sulphaphenazole, fluconazole, amiodarone, and metronidazole (Ba ...
PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPOSITORIES & PESSARIES Ms.WAJIHA
PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPOSITORIES & PESSARIES Ms.WAJIHA

... _ Avoid any gastrointestinal irritation. _ Can be used in unconscious patients (e.g. during fitting). _ Can be used for systemic absorption of drugs and avoid firstpass metabolism. − Babies or old people who cannot swallow oral medication. − Post operative people who cannot be administered oral medi ...
Pharmacological effects of meldonium: Biochemical mechanisms
Pharmacological effects of meldonium: Biochemical mechanisms

Diltiazem
Diltiazem

... Like other calcium channel antagonists, diltiazem decreases SA and AV conduction and has a negative inotropic effect. Diltiazem hydrochloride decreases vascular resistance (VR), increases cardiac output (COP) (by increasing stroke volume), and produces a slight decrease in heart rate. ...
Carbamazepine-induced liver injury requires CYP3A
Carbamazepine-induced liver injury requires CYP3A

... DMD Fast Forward. Published on April 13, 2015 as DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.063370 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. ...
RNA-Induced Silencing Complex-Bound Small Interfering RNA Is a
RNA-Induced Silencing Complex-Bound Small Interfering RNA Is a

pse14 VanLong  19108260 en
pse14 VanLong 19108260 en

... necessary. Those kinds of assumptions help to guarantee the existence a solution to the differential equation (1), but they are sufficient and not necessary. We don’t need either any concavity assumptions on U (.) or any transversality conditions. Such conditions are helpful to guarantee that candidate ...
Prepared By - Beckman Coulter
Prepared By - Beckman Coulter

... wakefulness, alertness, increased energy, reduced hunger, and an overall feeling of wellbeing. The term “amphetamine” refers to a group of drugs that includes d-amphetamine, d-methamphetamine (the N-methyl derivative of amphetamine), d,l-amphetamine, methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and methylenedio ...
Mechanistic Studies on Metabolic Interactions between Gemfibrozil
Mechanistic Studies on Metabolic Interactions between Gemfibrozil

2012 Fluoride Therapy Guide
2012 Fluoride Therapy Guide

... occurring or added to drinking water, and risk of human cancer. and 4.1 mg/kg of body weight. In a second study, no carcinogenesis was observed in rats, males or females, treated with fluoride up to 11.3 mg/kg of body weight. Fluoride ion is not mutagenic in standard bacterial systems. It has been s ...
Bioavailability & Bioequivalence
Bioavailability & Bioequivalence

...  Filtration occurs in the glomerulus; secretion is primarily restricted to the proximal tubules  Reabsorption occurs all along the nephron; Active reabsorption usually occurs in the proximal tubule  Appearance of drug in the urine is the net result of filtration, secretion, and reabsorption ...
67Dihydroxybergamottin Contributes to the Grapefruit
67Dihydroxybergamottin Contributes to the Grapefruit

... shown to be a reversible and mechanism-based inhibitor of the enzyme.3,6,8 An ether dimer of 2 DHB molecules, termed GFI-14,7 (or FC7268), and an ether dimer of a bergamottin and a DHB molecule, termed GFI-4,4,7 represent 2 other furanocoumarins in the juice. Although these dimers are generally pres ...
The Science of Megestrol Acetate Delivery | SpringerLink
The Science of Megestrol Acetate Delivery | SpringerLink

... a lower cost, which tends to improve adherence.[12] Considerable evidence demonstrates the efficacy of megestrol acetate in the treatment of cachexia, the key characteristics of which are decreased appetite and low bodyweight.[16,17] Megestrol acetate significantly increases both appetite and bodywe ...
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF LIQUID
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF LIQUID

... a drug given to people with Parkinson's disease in order to inhibit peripheral metabolism of levodopa. This property is significant in that it allows a greater proportion of peripheral levodopa to cross the blood brain barrier for central nervous system effect.carbidopa is used with levodopa to trea ...
Effect of Subconjunctivally Injected, Liposome
Effect of Subconjunctivally Injected, Liposome

Pharmacogenetic Determinants of Codeine Induction by Rifampin
Pharmacogenetic Determinants of Codeine Induction by Rifampin

... Inter- and intraphenotypic comparisons were carried out by twoway ANOVA with repeated measurements, followed if appropriate by paired or unpaired Student’s t test or nonparametric test (Wilcoxon signed rank test), as indicated. Linear and Spearman correlation tests were used to evaluate the relation ...
microdermabrasion for transdermal drug delivery
microdermabrasion for transdermal drug delivery

... scales inversely with the number of knob turns, such that 1 turn corresponds to the largest crystal flow rate (see Appendix B for more information). Representative H&E-stained sections of porcine cadaver skin are shown. Scale bar = 50 µm….............................................................. ...
Blind copy - Open Journal Systems
Blind copy - Open Journal Systems

... characteristic bands were clearly identified in all physical mixtures analyzed, without appearance of new bands in IR spectra, no shift and, the most important, the efavirenz characteristic bands were maintained in all physical mixtures ensuring that no chemical incompatibility occurred. These resul ...
Synephrine, Octopamine and Caffeine Health Risk
Synephrine, Octopamine and Caffeine Health Risk

... pressure medications (either hypertensives or antihypertensives), thyroid medications, sympathomimetics, or monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)) are lacking, which would result in a risk classification of Type II. Products exceeding either threshold dose or products lacking the cautionary statement ...
Dexmedetomidine - National Association of Veterinary Technicians
Dexmedetomidine - National Association of Veterinary Technicians

... sighthound and brachycephalic anesthesia as well as pain management. Tasha has been a featured speaker on various anesthesia and pain management topics at conferences such as Atlantic Coast Veterinary Conference, AVMA conference and the Wild West Veterinary Conference. In July of 2012 Tasha authored ...
Theracurmin | Information Sheet
Theracurmin | Information Sheet

... for Theracurmin was 29.5 ng/ml, compared to 1.8 ng/ml for standard curcumin. Theracurmin reached Tmax in one hour, compared to six hours for standard curcumin. Following this study, it remained to be determined whether higher doses of Theracurmin could increase plasma curcumin levels in a dose-depen ...
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Plateau principle

The plateau principle is a mathematical model or scientific law originally developed to explain the time course of drug action The principle has wide applicability in pharmacology, physiology, nutrition, biochemistry and system dynamics. It applies whenever a drug or nutrient is infused or ingested at a relatively constant rate and when a constant fraction is eliminated during each time interval. Under these conditions, any change in the rate of infusion leads to an exponential increase or decrease until a new level is achieved. This behavior is also called an approach to steady state because rather than causing an indefinite increase or decrease, a natural balance is achieved when the rate of infusion or production is balanced by the rate of loss.An especially important use of the plateau principle is to study the renewal of tissue constituents in the human and animal body. In adults, daily synthesis of tissue constituents is nearly constant, and most constituents are removed with a first order reaction rate. Applicability of the plateau principle was recognized during radiotracer studies of protein turnover in the 1940s by Rudolph Schoenheimer and David Rittenberg. Unlike the case with drugs, the initial amount of tissue or tissue protein is not zero because daily synthesis offsets daily elimination. In this case, the model is also said to approach a steady state with exponential or logarithmic kinetics. Constituents that change in this manner are said to have a biological half-life.A practical application of the plateau principle is that most people have experienced ""plateauing"" during regimens for weight management or training for sports. After a few weeks of progress, one seems unable to continue gaining in ability or losing weight. This outcome results from the same underlying quantitative model. This entry will describe the popular concepts as well as development of the plateau principle as a scientific, mathematical model.In the sciences, the broadest application of the plateau principle is creating realistic time signatures for change in kinetic models (see Mathematical model). One example of this principle is the long time required to effectively change human body composition. Theoretical studies have shown that many months of consistent physical training and food restriction are needed to bring about permanent weight stability in people who were previously overweight.
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