Portfolio 2 - Biology2Nash
... 4. In your own words, define the word replicate. 5. Enzymes usually end in -ase. What is the name of the enzyme that joins individual nucleotides? 6. Circle the correct answer to complete the sentence. A(n) is the place where a DNA strand opens to make new strands. original strand old strand replica ...
... 4. In your own words, define the word replicate. 5. Enzymes usually end in -ase. What is the name of the enzyme that joins individual nucleotides? 6. Circle the correct answer to complete the sentence. A(n) is the place where a DNA strand opens to make new strands. original strand old strand replica ...
Transposons ※ Transposons are DNA elements that can hop, or
... ※ They are discovered by Barbara McClintock in the early 1950s. ※ The transposons now exist in all organisms on the earth, including human. ※ Transposons may offer a way of introducing genes from one bacterium into the chromosome of another bacterium to which it has little DNA sequence homology, so ...
... ※ They are discovered by Barbara McClintock in the early 1950s. ※ The transposons now exist in all organisms on the earth, including human. ※ Transposons may offer a way of introducing genes from one bacterium into the chromosome of another bacterium to which it has little DNA sequence homology, so ...
Cloning Vectors A cloning vector is a DNA molecule that can carry
... Cosmids are able to contain 37 to 52 kb of DNA, while normal plasmids are able to carry only 1–20 kb. They can replicate as plasmids if they have a suitable origin of replication: for example SV40 ori in mammalian cells, ColE1 ori for double-stranded DNA replication or f1 ori for single-stranded DNA ...
... Cosmids are able to contain 37 to 52 kb of DNA, while normal plasmids are able to carry only 1–20 kb. They can replicate as plasmids if they have a suitable origin of replication: for example SV40 ori in mammalian cells, ColE1 ori for double-stranded DNA replication or f1 ori for single-stranded DNA ...
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) provides an extremely
... During the denaturation, the double strand melts open to single stranded DNA, all enzymatic reactions stop (for example the extension from a previous cycle). Annealing at around 54°C : Hydrogen bonds are constantly formed and broken between the single stranded primer and the single stranded template ...
... During the denaturation, the double strand melts open to single stranded DNA, all enzymatic reactions stop (for example the extension from a previous cycle). Annealing at around 54°C : Hydrogen bonds are constantly formed and broken between the single stranded primer and the single stranded template ...
No Slide Title
... § Large numbers of copies of specific DNA sequences can be amplified simultaneously with multiplex PCR reactions. § Commercial kits are now available for easy PCR reaction setup and amplification. § Contaminant DNA, such as from fungal and bacterial sources, will not amplify because human-specific p ...
... § Large numbers of copies of specific DNA sequences can be amplified simultaneously with multiplex PCR reactions. § Commercial kits are now available for easy PCR reaction setup and amplification. § Contaminant DNA, such as from fungal and bacterial sources, will not amplify because human-specific p ...
The crystal structure of the complex between a disaccharide
... solvent region where the amino and the hydroxyl groups interact with two water molecules. In addition the amino group forms strong hydrogen bonds with a guanine residue of symmetry related DNA chain (see below). The electron density of a composite omit map around this region is depicted in Figure 3. ...
... solvent region where the amino and the hydroxyl groups interact with two water molecules. In addition the amino group forms strong hydrogen bonds with a guanine residue of symmetry related DNA chain (see below). The electron density of a composite omit map around this region is depicted in Figure 3. ...
AP Biology
... spontaneous mutations for 1 gene, only ~1 mutation in 10 million replications each day, ~2,000 bacteria develop mutation in that ...
... spontaneous mutations for 1 gene, only ~1 mutation in 10 million replications each day, ~2,000 bacteria develop mutation in that ...
DNA Nanotweezers Studied with a Coarse
... steady, with a sharper jump after four bases, followed by another smooth increase. Conversely, the displacement of the second strand shows a steady decrease in free energy as more bases are displaced. These slopes suggest a significant difference in speed for the two processes: our unbiased simula ...
... steady, with a sharper jump after four bases, followed by another smooth increase. Conversely, the displacement of the second strand shows a steady decrease in free energy as more bases are displaced. These slopes suggest a significant difference in speed for the two processes: our unbiased simula ...
Mechanisms of Inhibition of DNA Synthesis by 2
... synthesis, there is also marked inhibition of intracellular conversion of CEM cells exposed lo 0.2 MMCldAdo incorporate some of the analogue inlo DNA over a 24-h period, but kinetics, concentra cytidine to deoxycytidine nucleotides indicating significant intracellular inhibition of ribonucleotide re ...
... synthesis, there is also marked inhibition of intracellular conversion of CEM cells exposed lo 0.2 MMCldAdo incorporate some of the analogue inlo DNA over a 24-h period, but kinetics, concentra cytidine to deoxycytidine nucleotides indicating significant intracellular inhibition of ribonucleotide re ...
Interfacial Behavior of a Hairpin DNA Probe Immobilized on Gold
... the scattering length density F (SLD) of the solvents is not altered by the addition of the salts.19 The single-crystalline and (111) polished silicon substrate (5 × 5 × 1 cm3) was purchased from Siltronix (France). A thin chromium adhesion layer (5 nm) and a gold layer (14 nm) have been deposited b ...
... the scattering length density F (SLD) of the solvents is not altered by the addition of the salts.19 The single-crystalline and (111) polished silicon substrate (5 × 5 × 1 cm3) was purchased from Siltronix (France). A thin chromium adhesion layer (5 nm) and a gold layer (14 nm) have been deposited b ...
Biochemical and genetic characterization of the
... DNA ligase, was initially identified in a screen for conditional lethal cell division cycle mutants (15). Subsequently, it was demonstrated that cdc9 mutants exhibit hypersensitivity to a wide range of DNA damaging agents and hyper-recombination (16–19). Based on amino acid sequence homology, the po ...
... DNA ligase, was initially identified in a screen for conditional lethal cell division cycle mutants (15). Subsequently, it was demonstrated that cdc9 mutants exhibit hypersensitivity to a wide range of DNA damaging agents and hyper-recombination (16–19). Based on amino acid sequence homology, the po ...
File
... that were resistant mutants. More mutants were observed after spreading than if they had not been respread. The experiment was used to A) show how to screen for environmental mutagens. B) show that mutation occurs in prokaryotes as well as in eukaryotes. C) demonstrate that in some cases mutations a ...
... that were resistant mutants. More mutants were observed after spreading than if they had not been respread. The experiment was used to A) show how to screen for environmental mutagens. B) show that mutation occurs in prokaryotes as well as in eukaryotes. C) demonstrate that in some cases mutations a ...
Lecture Notes with Key Figures PowerPoint® Presentation for
... polymerase III requires a primer with a free 3'OH group. • Enzyme primase synthesizes an RNA primer that provides the free 3'-OH required by DNA polymerase III ...
... polymerase III requires a primer with a free 3'OH group. • Enzyme primase synthesizes an RNA primer that provides the free 3'-OH required by DNA polymerase III ...
DNA Extraction Lab - Discover the Microbes Within!
... promotes nucleic acid binding to pure silica material. The guanidinium interferes with hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic effects and van der Waals forces resulting in the denaturation of proteins and DNA. This leads to accumulation of the chaotropic salts in the cell lipid bilayer compromising it’s integr ...
... promotes nucleic acid binding to pure silica material. The guanidinium interferes with hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic effects and van der Waals forces resulting in the denaturation of proteins and DNA. This leads to accumulation of the chaotropic salts in the cell lipid bilayer compromising it’s integr ...
Effect of Thymine Deprivation on the Restoration of DNA Synthesis
... 1975; Nakayama & Hanawalt, 1975) we have presumed that the reduced ability of excisionproficient E. coli cells to excise or photoreactivate dimers is caused by changes in the DNA molecular structure rather than by decreased endonuclease or photolyase activities. The fact that the U.V. resistance of ...
... 1975; Nakayama & Hanawalt, 1975) we have presumed that the reduced ability of excisionproficient E. coli cells to excise or photoreactivate dimers is caused by changes in the DNA molecular structure rather than by decreased endonuclease or photolyase activities. The fact that the U.V. resistance of ...
Chromosome Structure
... special structure called a telomere, and a organized region called the centromere which allows the chromosome to attach to cellular machinery that moves it to the proper place during cell division. One critical facet of chromosome structure is that DNA is a plectonemic helix, which means that two he ...
... special structure called a telomere, and a organized region called the centromere which allows the chromosome to attach to cellular machinery that moves it to the proper place during cell division. One critical facet of chromosome structure is that DNA is a plectonemic helix, which means that two he ...
DNA replication
... Figure 2.2 DNA double helix. (A) Sugar-phosphate backbone and nucleotide pairing of the DNA double helix (P = phosphate; A = adenine; T = thymine; G = guanine; C = cytosine). (B) Representation of the DNA double helix. ...
... Figure 2.2 DNA double helix. (A) Sugar-phosphate backbone and nucleotide pairing of the DNA double helix (P = phosphate; A = adenine; T = thymine; G = guanine; C = cytosine). (B) Representation of the DNA double helix. ...
Survival of Escherichia coli to UV Irradiation During Exponential and
... the DNA repair mechanisms are operating in Escherichia coli during log and stationary phase, survival of the cells in response to UV irradiation was assessed. In stationary phase, Escherichia coli demonstrated increased resistance to UV exposure compared to cells in exponential phase. This indirectl ...
... the DNA repair mechanisms are operating in Escherichia coli during log and stationary phase, survival of the cells in response to UV irradiation was assessed. In stationary phase, Escherichia coli demonstrated increased resistance to UV exposure compared to cells in exponential phase. This indirectl ...
Study questions - Pre-lab
... a. Predict whether or not you will exhibit the PTC taster phenotype. b. If you are a taster of PTC, what are your possible genotypes at the TAS2R38 locus? PAV/AVI or PAV/PAV (T/t or T/T) c. In which ways can single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect the function of a gene? Non-sense mutations (t ...
... a. Predict whether or not you will exhibit the PTC taster phenotype. b. If you are a taster of PTC, what are your possible genotypes at the TAS2R38 locus? PAV/AVI or PAV/PAV (T/t or T/T) c. In which ways can single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect the function of a gene? Non-sense mutations (t ...
Structure of Nucleic Acids
... but no minor groove, and 12 bases per turn. In vitro, Z-DNA forms in regions that are rich in G/C base pairs especially if some of the cytosine bases have been methylated. In vivo, methylated G/C rich regions have been implicated in gene regulation, suggesting that the occurrence of Z-DNA may play a ...
... but no minor groove, and 12 bases per turn. In vitro, Z-DNA forms in regions that are rich in G/C base pairs especially if some of the cytosine bases have been methylated. In vivo, methylated G/C rich regions have been implicated in gene regulation, suggesting that the occurrence of Z-DNA may play a ...
DNA
... each strand acts as a template for building a new strand in replication In DNA replication, the parent molecule unwinds, and two new daughter strands are built based on base-pairing rules ...
... each strand acts as a template for building a new strand in replication In DNA replication, the parent molecule unwinds, and two new daughter strands are built based on base-pairing rules ...
DNA
... DNA recombination The process that two DNA molecules from different source join together by covalent bond to form a new DNA molecule is called DNA recombination. Recombinant DNA DNA recombination technique By the application of some tool enzymes, the target gene and vector are ligated together, the ...
... DNA recombination The process that two DNA molecules from different source join together by covalent bond to form a new DNA molecule is called DNA recombination. Recombinant DNA DNA recombination technique By the application of some tool enzymes, the target gene and vector are ligated together, the ...
Diapositiva 1
... Minisatellites are molecular marker loci consisting of tandem repeat units of a 10-50 base motif, flanked by conserved endonuclease restriction sites. They are detected by gel electrophoresis of restricted DNA and subsequent Southern blot hybridization to a radiolabeled DNA probe containing multiple ...
... Minisatellites are molecular marker loci consisting of tandem repeat units of a 10-50 base motif, flanked by conserved endonuclease restriction sites. They are detected by gel electrophoresis of restricted DNA and subsequent Southern blot hybridization to a radiolabeled DNA probe containing multiple ...
DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA crosslinkages (interstrand crosslinks or ICLs).The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states: an irreversible state of dormancy, known as senescence cell suicide, also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor that is cancerousThe DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.