DNA - The Double Helix
... importance to biology. For many years, scientists debated which molecule carried life's biological instructions. Most thought that DNA was too simple a molecule to play such a critical role. Instead, they argued that proteins were more likely to carry out this vital function because of their greater ...
... importance to biology. For many years, scientists debated which molecule carried life's biological instructions. Most thought that DNA was too simple a molecule to play such a critical role. Instead, they argued that proteins were more likely to carry out this vital function because of their greater ...
DNA
... • While Frederick Griffith was experimenting with pneumonia, he discovered that mice injected with dead bacteria still died of pneumonia… so it was something inside the bacteria that was still passed on to the next generation. • Oswald Avery and other scientists discovered that DNA is the nucleic ac ...
... • While Frederick Griffith was experimenting with pneumonia, he discovered that mice injected with dead bacteria still died of pneumonia… so it was something inside the bacteria that was still passed on to the next generation. • Oswald Avery and other scientists discovered that DNA is the nucleic ac ...
DNA: The Genetic Material
... forks, the points where the double helix separates, a molecule of DNA polymerase attaches and begins to add nucleotides to the exposed bases according to the base-pairing rules. This continues until all of the DNA is copied. DNA polymerases are able to “proofread” the nucleotide sequence along the n ...
... forks, the points where the double helix separates, a molecule of DNA polymerase attaches and begins to add nucleotides to the exposed bases according to the base-pairing rules. This continues until all of the DNA is copied. DNA polymerases are able to “proofread” the nucleotide sequence along the n ...
How to play
... DNA is the instruction manual for how to build life. The DNA molecule resides inside cells and comes in 2 strands twisted together to resemble a spiral staircase scientists call a double helix. The staircase's steps are built with combinations of 4 base elements. These are A, T, C, G (Adenine, Thymi ...
... DNA is the instruction manual for how to build life. The DNA molecule resides inside cells and comes in 2 strands twisted together to resemble a spiral staircase scientists call a double helix. The staircase's steps are built with combinations of 4 base elements. These are A, T, C, G (Adenine, Thymi ...
Chapter11 DNA复制, RNA的代谢
... Also known as post-replication repair, this system permits the cell to tolerate damage without actually repairing it. It depends on the mechanisms of homologous recombination （同源重组） to replace a damaged region of DNA that cannot be repaired with a good copy of the same region. 重点：原核生物 DNA 合成的过程重点掌握原 ...
... Also known as post-replication repair, this system permits the cell to tolerate damage without actually repairing it. It depends on the mechanisms of homologous recombination （同源重组） to replace a damaged region of DNA that cannot be repaired with a good copy of the same region. 重点：原核生物 DNA 合成的过程重点掌握原 ...
A DNA
... Genetic material in prokaryotes 1 (usually) chromosome Circular (most) chromosome Supercoiled DNA located in nucleoid region ...
... Genetic material in prokaryotes 1 (usually) chromosome Circular (most) chromosome Supercoiled DNA located in nucleoid region ...
2. You perform a Southern blot in which your probe should hybridize
... NOTE: This would be because probe stuck to oils or other debris from your hands. It would NOT be because DNA from cells on your fingers hybridized to the probe. {Why? Even if the DNA in your cells was complementary to the probe, it is not available for hybridization as it is inside cells, and not de ...
... NOTE: This would be because probe stuck to oils or other debris from your hands. It would NOT be because DNA from cells on your fingers hybridized to the probe. {Why? Even if the DNA in your cells was complementary to the probe, it is not available for hybridization as it is inside cells, and not de ...
Lecture 19 Spring 2011
... Alkylating agents are chemicals that donate alkyl groups to other molecules. Alkylating agents induce transitions, transversions, frameshifts, and chromosome aberrations. Alkylating of bases can change base-pairing properties. Alkylating agents can also activate error-prone DNA repair proces ...
... Alkylating agents are chemicals that donate alkyl groups to other molecules. Alkylating agents induce transitions, transversions, frameshifts, and chromosome aberrations. Alkylating of bases can change base-pairing properties. Alkylating agents can also activate error-prone DNA repair proces ...
RecA
... RecA protein functions: Repair of stalled replication fork double-strand break repair general recombination induction of the SOS response SOS mutagenesis ...
... RecA protein functions: Repair of stalled replication fork double-strand break repair general recombination induction of the SOS response SOS mutagenesis ...
La Génomique
... Tris HCl – Buffer that protects nucleic acids EDTA - Chelates Mg++, prevents nucleases from ...
... Tris HCl – Buffer that protects nucleic acids EDTA - Chelates Mg++, prevents nucleases from ...
2014 DNA Replication ppt
... separates into two strands. Each strand of the double helix of DNA serves as a template for the new strand. This is carried out by an enzyme, DNA helicase, that “unzips” a molecule of DNA at the Hydrogen bonds between base pairs and the two strands of DNA unwind. ...
... separates into two strands. Each strand of the double helix of DNA serves as a template for the new strand. This is carried out by an enzyme, DNA helicase, that “unzips” a molecule of DNA at the Hydrogen bonds between base pairs and the two strands of DNA unwind. ...
Materials and methods (Supplement)
... with 1 bp staggered cuts are generated and formed hairpin structures at the position adjacent to the transposable element. These hairpin structures are resolved by nicks and both open ends of genomic DNA are ligated to create various inversions or direct repeats which depend on the position of nicks ...
... with 1 bp staggered cuts are generated and formed hairpin structures at the position adjacent to the transposable element. These hairpin structures are resolved by nicks and both open ends of genomic DNA are ligated to create various inversions or direct repeats which depend on the position of nicks ...
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Description An electrophoresis
... recovery of DNA. Lower voltages, coupled with longer running times, provide optimum resolution, such as that required for Southern Blots or forensic applications. Pulsed-field electrophoresis can be used to separate very large DNA fragments. The most common stain is ethidium bromide, which intercala ...
... recovery of DNA. Lower voltages, coupled with longer running times, provide optimum resolution, such as that required for Southern Blots or forensic applications. Pulsed-field electrophoresis can be used to separate very large DNA fragments. The most common stain is ethidium bromide, which intercala ...
deoxyribonucleic acid Deoxyribose – simple sugar in DNA DNA is
... amino acid, thus changing the protein made ...
... amino acid, thus changing the protein made ...
Deciphering the DNA Damage Response
... such as ultraviolet (UV) light and other chemical agents that alter DNA bases. Crosslinking of DNA bases creates blocks to normal DNA replication that must be removed or bypassed. Genome integrity is also assaulted by ionizing radiation and other clastogens that cause doublestrand breaks that must b ...
... such as ultraviolet (UV) light and other chemical agents that alter DNA bases. Crosslinking of DNA bases creates blocks to normal DNA replication that must be removed or bypassed. Genome integrity is also assaulted by ionizing radiation and other clastogens that cause doublestrand breaks that must b ...
handout 1
... K = T/G The region of the 16S gene between the primer binding sites will be amplified and then sequenced. This region is sufficiently variable that any 2 given species will probably have sequences that differ by at least one nucleotide. On the other hand, the region is conserved enough that differen ...
... K = T/G The region of the 16S gene between the primer binding sites will be amplified and then sequenced. This region is sufficiently variable that any 2 given species will probably have sequences that differ by at least one nucleotide. On the other hand, the region is conserved enough that differen ...
DNA - Cloudfront.net
... dead bacteria still died of pneumonia… so it was something inside the bacteria that was still passed on to the next generation. • Oswald Avery and other scientists discovered that DNA is the nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic information from one generation of an organism to the ...
... dead bacteria still died of pneumonia… so it was something inside the bacteria that was still passed on to the next generation. • Oswald Avery and other scientists discovered that DNA is the nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic information from one generation of an organism to the ...
Biotechnology
... were originally discovered through their ability to break down, or restrict, foreign DNA. can distinguish between the DNA normally present in the cell and foreign DNA, such as infecting bacteria virus DNA The enzymes defend the cell from invasion by cutting the foreign DNA into pieces, rendering the ...
... were originally discovered through their ability to break down, or restrict, foreign DNA. can distinguish between the DNA normally present in the cell and foreign DNA, such as infecting bacteria virus DNA The enzymes defend the cell from invasion by cutting the foreign DNA into pieces, rendering the ...
DNA (Gene) Mutations
... Repairing DNA Enzymes proofread the DNA and replace incorrect nucleotides with correct nucleotides. The greater the exposure to a mutagen such as UV light, the greater the chance that a mistake will not be corrected. ...
... Repairing DNA Enzymes proofread the DNA and replace incorrect nucleotides with correct nucleotides. The greater the exposure to a mutagen such as UV light, the greater the chance that a mistake will not be corrected. ...
DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA crosslinkages (interstrand crosslinks or ICLs).The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states: an irreversible state of dormancy, known as senescence cell suicide, also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor that is cancerousThe DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.