RAD51
... How (Unprogrammed) DNA Double-Strand Breaks Occur 1. Ionizing Radiation (i.e. X- & g-rays) and some chemical agents locally disrupt the backbones of both strands of B-form DNA. 2. Inappropriate cleavage of dsDNA by an endonuclease. 3. BER or NER enzyme processing of interstrand crosslinks or of bas ...
... How (Unprogrammed) DNA Double-Strand Breaks Occur 1. Ionizing Radiation (i.e. X- & g-rays) and some chemical agents locally disrupt the backbones of both strands of B-form DNA. 2. Inappropriate cleavage of dsDNA by an endonuclease. 3. BER or NER enzyme processing of interstrand crosslinks or of bas ...
Genetic Engineering
... How do we do mix genes? • Genetic engineering – find gene – cut DNA in both organisms – paste gene from one creature into other creature’s DNA – insert new chromosome into organism – organism copies new gene as if it were its own – organism reads gene as if it were its own – organism produces NEW p ...
... How do we do mix genes? • Genetic engineering – find gene – cut DNA in both organisms – paste gene from one creature into other creature’s DNA – insert new chromosome into organism – organism copies new gene as if it were its own – organism reads gene as if it were its own – organism produces NEW p ...
Extraction of Bacterial DNA from Gram-Positive and Gram
... and imaged using fluorescence microscopy. Whole-genome optical maps are constructed by assembling single–DNAmolecule optical maps generated from image analysis using specialized software. Optical maps are very useful as scaffolds for whole-genome shotgun sequence assembly, and they have become a hig ...
... and imaged using fluorescence microscopy. Whole-genome optical maps are constructed by assembling single–DNAmolecule optical maps generated from image analysis using specialized software. Optical maps are very useful as scaffolds for whole-genome shotgun sequence assembly, and they have become a hig ...
DNA Molecular Structure
... each DNA polymerase works at a rate of 100 base pairs per second -would take weeks for one polymerase to replicate one chromosome -thousands of polymerase molecules work simultaneously on each DNA molecule ...
... each DNA polymerase works at a rate of 100 base pairs per second -would take weeks for one polymerase to replicate one chromosome -thousands of polymerase molecules work simultaneously on each DNA molecule ...
The structure of DNA
... Specific sequence of nucleotides along a strand of DNA is unique to each individual ...
... Specific sequence of nucleotides along a strand of DNA is unique to each individual ...
DNA structure and replication notes
... covered strand by applying the base-pairing rules: A pair with T, and G pairs with C. • Watson and Crick predicted that a cell applies the same rules when copying its genes. ...
... covered strand by applying the base-pairing rules: A pair with T, and G pairs with C. • Watson and Crick predicted that a cell applies the same rules when copying its genes. ...
Examination IV Key
... 27. [5 points] Diagram the pathways of interconversion of purine nucleotides without showing intermediates or other molecules, but showing each of the following: a. The nucleotides being interconverted, using names or standard abbreviations (no structures) b. The directions of metabolite flow in the ...
... 27. [5 points] Diagram the pathways of interconversion of purine nucleotides without showing intermediates or other molecules, but showing each of the following: a. The nucleotides being interconverted, using names or standard abbreviations (no structures) b. The directions of metabolite flow in the ...
dna replication - MacWilliams Biology
... A. The Replication Process 1. Before a cell divides, it duplicates its DNA in a copying process called replication ensures each resulting cell has the same complete set of DNA 2. DNA molecule separates into two strands and produces two new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing ...
... A. The Replication Process 1. Before a cell divides, it duplicates its DNA in a copying process called replication ensures each resulting cell has the same complete set of DNA 2. DNA molecule separates into two strands and produces two new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing ...
Intro, show Jurassic Park, relate to all other units, Discuss history
... 4. taking the leading strand, DNA polymerase III can ONLY add to existing nucleotides (must be a union job) so someone has to start the first nucleotide or prime it. RNA primer, with a few RNA nucleotides, will bind to the old DNA. Of course, RNA primase will catalyze this reaction. 5. now DNA polym ...
... 4. taking the leading strand, DNA polymerase III can ONLY add to existing nucleotides (must be a union job) so someone has to start the first nucleotide or prime it. RNA primer, with a few RNA nucleotides, will bind to the old DNA. Of course, RNA primase will catalyze this reaction. 5. now DNA polym ...
DNA and Genetic Material
... Adenine (A) always base pairs with thymine (T) Guanine (G) always base pairs with Cytosine (C) ALL Down to HYDROGEN Bonding Requires steps: – H bonds break as enzymes unwind molecule – New nucleotides (always in nucleus) fit into place beside old strand in a process called Complementary Base Pairing ...
... Adenine (A) always base pairs with thymine (T) Guanine (G) always base pairs with Cytosine (C) ALL Down to HYDROGEN Bonding Requires steps: – H bonds break as enzymes unwind molecule – New nucleotides (always in nucleus) fit into place beside old strand in a process called Complementary Base Pairing ...
DNA
... They credited Wilkins and Franklin. Wilkins also got a Nobel Prize but Franklin did not. Rosalind had passed away and the Nobels are not awarded posthumously. ...
... They credited Wilkins and Franklin. Wilkins also got a Nobel Prize but Franklin did not. Rosalind had passed away and the Nobels are not awarded posthumously. ...
DNA Model
... phosphate unit joined to deoxyribose, a five-carbon sugar and a nitrogencontaining base. The DNA molecule is a double strand of posSlbly thousands of nucleotides bonded by their bases. There are four types of bases in DNA. Two arc purines, either adenine or guanine. TIle other two are pryimidiIJes. ...
... phosphate unit joined to deoxyribose, a five-carbon sugar and a nitrogencontaining base. The DNA molecule is a double strand of posSlbly thousands of nucleotides bonded by their bases. There are four types of bases in DNA. Two arc purines, either adenine or guanine. TIle other two are pryimidiIJes. ...
DNA Structure - learningcanbefun
... They credited Wilkins and Franklin. Wilkins also got a Nobel Prize but Franklin did not. Rosalind had passed away and the Nobels are not awarded posthumously. ...
... They credited Wilkins and Franklin. Wilkins also got a Nobel Prize but Franklin did not. Rosalind had passed away and the Nobels are not awarded posthumously. ...
DNA and Genetics in Biotechnology
... distribution of genetic markers on an agar media. ▫ b. Process: i) An agar gel is poured into a mold to dry, then placed into a electrophoresis chamber. ii) DNA extraction is placed in small wells at one end of the agar gel. Each well represents a different sample or ...
... distribution of genetic markers on an agar media. ▫ b. Process: i) An agar gel is poured into a mold to dry, then placed into a electrophoresis chamber. ii) DNA extraction is placed in small wells at one end of the agar gel. Each well represents a different sample or ...
What is genomics
... 4. Keeping the lanes in order (1-6) line up the most common segment in each fragment vertically. One of the fragments does not have this segment. Find where this fragment belongs by aligning it with the second (and third) most common band size. (Cell lines would not necessarily line up in order, thi ...
... 4. Keeping the lanes in order (1-6) line up the most common segment in each fragment vertically. One of the fragments does not have this segment. Find where this fragment belongs by aligning it with the second (and third) most common band size. (Cell lines would not necessarily line up in order, thi ...
RNA
... Retro-Virus single-stranded RNA (viral genome) RNA-directed DNA synthesis by reverse transcriptase single-stranded DNA double-stranded DNA integrate into the host genome replication together with the host genome later, when it is necessary, express viral RNA and proteins packaging viru ...
... Retro-Virus single-stranded RNA (viral genome) RNA-directed DNA synthesis by reverse transcriptase single-stranded DNA double-stranded DNA integrate into the host genome replication together with the host genome later, when it is necessary, express viral RNA and proteins packaging viru ...
Chapter 8 Nucleotides and Nucleic acids
... But over the course of a lifetime, changes in bases may te tied to mutations, aging and carcinogenesis All bases undergo deamination (figure 8-30a) C to U 1 in every 107/ 24 hours About 100 events/day/cell A and G about 1 event/day/cell Thought to me - why DNA uses T instead of U, can recognize U is ...
... But over the course of a lifetime, changes in bases may te tied to mutations, aging and carcinogenesis All bases undergo deamination (figure 8-30a) C to U 1 in every 107/ 24 hours About 100 events/day/cell A and G about 1 event/day/cell Thought to me - why DNA uses T instead of U, can recognize U is ...
What is DNA?
... Most of your characteristics, such as the color of your hair, your height, and even how things taste to you, depend on the kinds of proteins your cells make. DNA in your cells stores the instructions for making these proteins. Proteins build cells and tissues or work as enzymes. The instructions for ...
... Most of your characteristics, such as the color of your hair, your height, and even how things taste to you, depend on the kinds of proteins your cells make. DNA in your cells stores the instructions for making these proteins. Proteins build cells and tissues or work as enzymes. The instructions for ...
Ways to detect unique sequences within mammalian DNA
... EX: humans have 3 billion base pairs with 1 million restriction fragments formed from a single restriction enzyme digest - TOO difficult to isolate a single band on a gel from this large number of fragments To characterize a specific gene use blot hybridization - see Figure 1 - WE DID THIS!! ...
... EX: humans have 3 billion base pairs with 1 million restriction fragments formed from a single restriction enzyme digest - TOO difficult to isolate a single band on a gel from this large number of fragments To characterize a specific gene use blot hybridization - see Figure 1 - WE DID THIS!! ...
DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA crosslinkages (interstrand crosslinks or ICLs).The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states: an irreversible state of dormancy, known as senescence cell suicide, also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor that is cancerousThe DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.