Replication timing and transcriptional control: beyond
... particularly challenging problem in metazoa, because of difficulties in defining the sequence elements that comprise replication origins and the lack of convenient assays for replication [29]. There are only two mammalian loci for which both replication-timing switches and origin localization have b ...
... particularly challenging problem in metazoa, because of difficulties in defining the sequence elements that comprise replication origins and the lack of convenient assays for replication [29]. There are only two mammalian loci for which both replication-timing switches and origin localization have b ...
DNA Metallization Processes and Nanoelectronics
... Concerning the intercalation mechanism of metal complexes between the DNA bases, the Pd or Pt complexes have been the more extensively studied. Indeed, the binding process of Pt(II) complexes to DNA is well investigated in the case of cisplatin (cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]), which is widely used as an antican ...
... Concerning the intercalation mechanism of metal complexes between the DNA bases, the Pd or Pt complexes have been the more extensively studied. Indeed, the binding process of Pt(II) complexes to DNA is well investigated in the case of cisplatin (cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]), which is widely used as an antican ...
13 The Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I Pol I actually appears
... In wild type cells, Pol I activity is high and masks other polymerase activities. So, polA mutants were searched for additional polymerases. Two new activities were found. Later they were found in wild type cells as well. The first of the new polymerases isolated from E. coli was called Polymerase I ...
... In wild type cells, Pol I activity is high and masks other polymerase activities. So, polA mutants were searched for additional polymerases. Two new activities were found. Later they were found in wild type cells as well. The first of the new polymerases isolated from E. coli was called Polymerase I ...
Technological applications arising from the interactions of DNA
... pairing The novel techniques have been devised to detect Hg2+ and Ag+ ions by taking advantage of specific interactions of these metal ions with the respective thymine–thymine (T–T) and cytosine–cytosine (C–C) mismatched base pairs (Figure 2a) [12,13]. In addition, new versions of molecular beacon p ...
... pairing The novel techniques have been devised to detect Hg2+ and Ag+ ions by taking advantage of specific interactions of these metal ions with the respective thymine–thymine (T–T) and cytosine–cytosine (C–C) mismatched base pairs (Figure 2a) [12,13]. In addition, new versions of molecular beacon p ...
Extreme Radiation Resistance by Interdependent DNA
... gradients, all single-stranded material segregates into either H or L densities (Fig. 4, a1 - c1). Because DNA is monitored by 3H-thymidine radioactivity, the unirradiated cultures show, in the “pre-labelling” regimen, only the H/L* material (* denotes 3H-label) (Fig. 4a), and only L* in denaturing ...
... gradients, all single-stranded material segregates into either H or L densities (Fig. 4, a1 - c1). Because DNA is monitored by 3H-thymidine radioactivity, the unirradiated cultures show, in the “pre-labelling” regimen, only the H/L* material (* denotes 3H-label) (Fig. 4a), and only L* in denaturing ...
Gel electrophoresis of partially denatured DNA. Retardation effect
... authors» estimation /3/» to separate DNAs having a 1% difference in the AT content. Fischer and Lerman /1,2/ have discovered a sharp fall of the mobility of DNA in the case of its partial denaturation. Their experiments were carried out in a 4% polyacrylamide gel containing a concentration gradient ...
... authors» estimation /3/» to separate DNAs having a 1% difference in the AT content. Fischer and Lerman /1,2/ have discovered a sharp fall of the mobility of DNA in the case of its partial denaturation. Their experiments were carried out in a 4% polyacrylamide gel containing a concentration gradient ...
Identification of a cis-Element That Determines Autonomous DNA
... adapted from the method described previously (11) and as performed previously (18). The earliest labeled fragment method was performed using the in vitro DNA replication system, as described previously (11, 18). In brief, the in vitro reactions were stopped at 4 and 8 min of incubation, the DNA prod ...
... adapted from the method described previously (11) and as performed previously (18). The earliest labeled fragment method was performed using the in vitro DNA replication system, as described previously (11, 18). In brief, the in vitro reactions were stopped at 4 and 8 min of incubation, the DNA prod ...
The Pif1 family in prokaryotes: what are our helicases doing in your
... Complementing the lack of other helicases. Most genomes encode multiple distinct helicases that have specialized functions in DNA and RNA metabolism. For instance, there are 134 open reading frames in the S. cerevisiae genome that encode proteins containing helicase structural motifs (Shiratori et ...
... Complementing the lack of other helicases. Most genomes encode multiple distinct helicases that have specialized functions in DNA and RNA metabolism. For instance, there are 134 open reading frames in the S. cerevisiae genome that encode proteins containing helicase structural motifs (Shiratori et ...
Denaturation transition of stretched DNA
... Under physiological conditions in vitro, the thermodynamically stable configuration of DNA is the Watson–Crick double helix (however, in vivo DNA is supercoiled and constrained by proteins such as nuclear-associated proteins in prokaryotes and histones in eukaryotes). In this configuration, the nucl ...
... Under physiological conditions in vitro, the thermodynamically stable configuration of DNA is the Watson–Crick double helix (however, in vivo DNA is supercoiled and constrained by proteins such as nuclear-associated proteins in prokaryotes and histones in eukaryotes). In this configuration, the nucl ...
Reaction of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Antinative DNA
... hold, N. J.). Pancreatic DNAse andl mon-onucleotides were mA/gel for 4.5 h; this amperage avoided heating and denafrom Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, NM.), and SI nuclease turation of the DNA fragments. Horizontal sections 4-mm thick of Aspergilltus orylzae, from Miles Laboratories Inc., Ames were c ...
... hold, N. J.). Pancreatic DNAse andl mon-onucleotides were mA/gel for 4.5 h; this amperage avoided heating and denafrom Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, NM.), and SI nuclease turation of the DNA fragments. Horizontal sections 4-mm thick of Aspergilltus orylzae, from Miles Laboratories Inc., Ames were c ...
N6-methyl-adenine: an epigenetic signal for DNA - HAL
... In the E. coli agn43 gene, which encodes a non-fimbrial adhesin involved in autoaggregation and biofilm formation, Dam methylation prevents binding of the redox-sensitive regulator OxyR, a repressor of agn43 transcription, to an operator located downstream of the transcription start site57,58. Hence ...
... In the E. coli agn43 gene, which encodes a non-fimbrial adhesin involved in autoaggregation and biofilm formation, Dam methylation prevents binding of the redox-sensitive regulator OxyR, a repressor of agn43 transcription, to an operator located downstream of the transcription start site57,58. Hence ...
Effect of non-histone proteins on thermal transition of chromatin and
... occur at a temperature of about 64°C (see Fig.2 and Pig.3) under our experimental conditions. The thermal transitions of nucleosomes occurs at tenperatures of about 74.5°C, which allows a clear assignment of the major peak of chromatin (Fig.l) at 78°C and probably of its small satellite at 74°C to t ...
... occur at a temperature of about 64°C (see Fig.2 and Pig.3) under our experimental conditions. The thermal transitions of nucleosomes occurs at tenperatures of about 74.5°C, which allows a clear assignment of the major peak of chromatin (Fig.l) at 78°C and probably of its small satellite at 74°C to t ...
Conformation of DNA in chromatin protein
... in the stabilization of the B conformation we have studied chromatin depleted from different proteins by 0.6 M NaCl and reconstituted NHP-DNA and histone-DNA complexes. The electrophoretic patterns of the proteins extracted by urea-NaCl treatment of chromatin and of chromatin previously treated with ...
... in the stabilization of the B conformation we have studied chromatin depleted from different proteins by 0.6 M NaCl and reconstituted NHP-DNA and histone-DNA complexes. The electrophoretic patterns of the proteins extracted by urea-NaCl treatment of chromatin and of chromatin previously treated with ...
Chapter 16: THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE (DNA
... • In a second paper, Watson and Crick stated their hypothesis for how DNA replicates: ...
... • In a second paper, Watson and Crick stated their hypothesis for how DNA replicates: ...
Four-color DNA sequencing by synthesis using cleavable
... covalent linkage of the primer to the template in the self-priming moiety prevents any possible dissociation of the primer from the template during the process of SBS. To prevent nonspecific absorption of the unincorporated fluorescent nucleotides on the surface of the chip, a PEG linker is introduc ...
... covalent linkage of the primer to the template in the self-priming moiety prevents any possible dissociation of the primer from the template during the process of SBS. To prevent nonspecific absorption of the unincorporated fluorescent nucleotides on the surface of the chip, a PEG linker is introduc ...
The Influence of Hydrogen Donors on Breakage of Parental DNA
... experiments had rather small double stranded mole cular weight. The same DNA samples were also used for the experiments presented in Fig. 1. The results indicate that the double strand breakage rate can be reduced substantially by 0.01 M cysteamine. The protection factor for double strand breaks in ...
... experiments had rather small double stranded mole cular weight. The same DNA samples were also used for the experiments presented in Fig. 1. The results indicate that the double strand breakage rate can be reduced substantially by 0.01 M cysteamine. The protection factor for double strand breaks in ...
Divergent roles for the two PolI-like organelle DNA polymerases of
... organelles, like animal mitochondria, possess their own specialized enzymes, with distinct characteristics, for the replication of their genome (Sala et al., 1980). Isolation of DNA polymerases from both the chloroplast and mitochondria of Glycine max (soybean) and Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) cell c ...
... organelles, like animal mitochondria, possess their own specialized enzymes, with distinct characteristics, for the replication of their genome (Sala et al., 1980). Isolation of DNA polymerases from both the chloroplast and mitochondria of Glycine max (soybean) and Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) cell c ...
Replication of Nuclear DNA
... are some rare examples of origins in animals, in which a specific sequence may be involved. For example, there is an ars core sequence at or very close to the preferred initiation site in the mammalian rDNA NTS (Coffman et al. 2005), as has already been described for the equivalent site in plants. T ...
... are some rare examples of origins in animals, in which a specific sequence may be involved. For example, there is an ars core sequence at or very close to the preferred initiation site in the mammalian rDNA NTS (Coffman et al. 2005), as has already been described for the equivalent site in plants. T ...
Structural Basis of Transcription Initiation: An RNA
... structural transitions from the initial closed promoter complex (RPc) to the transcriptioncompetent open complex (RPo). The doublestranded DNA is melted over a region spanning the transcription start site at ⫹1, in the following process [reviewed in (2)]: R ⫹ P 7 RPc 7 I 7 RPo I represents at least ...
... structural transitions from the initial closed promoter complex (RPc) to the transcriptioncompetent open complex (RPo). The doublestranded DNA is melted over a region spanning the transcription start site at ⫹1, in the following process [reviewed in (2)]: R ⫹ P 7 RPc 7 I 7 RPo I represents at least ...
Structural Consequences of Modification of the Oxygen Atom of
... Although not shown, construction of the minor adduct (Adduct I) in the DNA gave similar results. In its least sterically hindered position, the short axis of the naphthyl ring in Adduct I is also perpendicular to the helical axis. Thermal Stability of NA-DNA. Thus, it was anticipated that DNA modifi ...
... Although not shown, construction of the minor adduct (Adduct I) in the DNA gave similar results. In its least sterically hindered position, the short axis of the naphthyl ring in Adduct I is also perpendicular to the helical axis. Thermal Stability of NA-DNA. Thus, it was anticipated that DNA modifi ...
Mechanisms of Transcription-Replication
... are virtually identical to those for the P7 promoter (compare Fig. 4B to Fig. 3D). Since very different promoters cause similar inhibitory effects on replication, it is likely that the act of transcription, rather than the nature of a promoter, is responsible for this effect. When the trc promoter w ...
... are virtually identical to those for the P7 promoter (compare Fig. 4B to Fig. 3D). Since very different promoters cause similar inhibitory effects on replication, it is likely that the act of transcription, rather than the nature of a promoter, is responsible for this effect. When the trc promoter w ...
Replication timing as an epigenetic mark
... transcription was validated in higher eukaryotes using various types of microarray approaches. In Drosophila, mouse and human, a nearly identical strong and statistical positive correlation between early replication and transcription was found.10,30,31,37-40 These same studies also confirmed that a ...
... transcription was validated in higher eukaryotes using various types of microarray approaches. In Drosophila, mouse and human, a nearly identical strong and statistical positive correlation between early replication and transcription was found.10,30,31,37-40 These same studies also confirmed that a ...
from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... The 289 base pair Rsa I-Alu I fragment containing CEN3 DNA was isolated as described by Bloom et al. (1984). The fragment was incubated with synthetic oligonucleotide linkers encoding the Barn HI restriction recognition site in the presence of T4 DNA ligase. Enzymes were purchased from New England B ...
... The 289 base pair Rsa I-Alu I fragment containing CEN3 DNA was isolated as described by Bloom et al. (1984). The fragment was incubated with synthetic oligonucleotide linkers encoding the Barn HI restriction recognition site in the presence of T4 DNA ligase. Enzymes were purchased from New England B ...
Gene Section MCM5 (minichromosome maintenance complex component 5)
... MCM5 is a member of the MCM family of chromatinbinding proteins, implicated in the initiation of DNA replication. This protein can interact with at least two other members of this family, namely MCM2 and MCM3. MCM5 participates in the formation of the heterohexameric MCM complex, which is loaded ont ...
... MCM5 is a member of the MCM family of chromatinbinding proteins, implicated in the initiation of DNA replication. This protein can interact with at least two other members of this family, namely MCM2 and MCM3. MCM5 participates in the formation of the heterohexameric MCM complex, which is loaded ont ...
hl topic 7 book
... (b) How could individuals differ in this specific polymorphism? (c) When would it be possible for two individuals to have exactly the same base sequence as above and even at the other 12 STR loci used in DNA profiling? ...
... (b) How could individuals differ in this specific polymorphism? (c) When would it be possible for two individuals to have exactly the same base sequence as above and even at the other 12 STR loci used in DNA profiling? ...
Eukaryotic DNA replication
Eukaryotic DNA replication is a conserved mechanism that restricts DNA replication to only once per cell cycle. Eukaryotic DNA replication of chromosomal DNA is central for the duplication of a cell and is necessary for the maintenance of the eukaryotic genome.DNA replication is the action of DNA polymerases synthesizing a DNA strand complementary to the original template strand. To synthesize DNA, the double-stranded DNA is unwound by DNA helicases ahead of polymerases, forming a replication fork containing two single-stranded templates. Replication processes permit the copying of a single DNA double helix into two DNA helices, which are divided into the daughter cells at mitosis. The major enzymatic functions carried out at the replication fork are well conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, but the replication machinery in eukaryotic DNA replication is a much larger complex, coordinating many proteins at the site of replication, forming the replisome.The replisome is responsible for copying the entirety of genomic DNA in each proliferative cell. This process allows for the high-fidelity passage of hereditary/genetic information from parental cell to daughter cell and is thus essential to all organisms. Much of the cell cycle is built around ensuring that DNA replication occurs without errors.In G1 phase of the cell cycle, many of the DNA replication regulatory processes are initiated. In eukaryotes, the vast majority of DNA synthesis occurs during S phase of the cell cycle, and the entire genome must be unwound and duplicated to form two daughter copies. During G2, any damaged DNA or replication errors are corrected. Finally, one copy of the genomes is segregated to each daughter cell at mitosis or M phase. These daughter copies each contain one strand from the parental duplex DNA and one nascent antiparallel strand.This mechanism is conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes and is known as semiconservative DNA replication. The process of semiconservative replication for the site of DNA replication is a fork-like DNA structure, the replication fork, where the DNA helix is open, or unwound, exposing unpaired DNA nucleotides for recognition and base pairing for the incorporationof free nucleotides into double-stranded DNA.