Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA
... Oswald Avery repeated Griffith’s work to determine which molecule was most important for transformation. Avery and his colleagues made an extract from the heatkilled bacteria that they treated with enzymes. The enzymes destroyed proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and other molecules, including the nuc ...
... Oswald Avery repeated Griffith’s work to determine which molecule was most important for transformation. Avery and his colleagues made an extract from the heatkilled bacteria that they treated with enzymes. The enzymes destroyed proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and other molecules, including the nuc ...
BIO 10 Lecture 1
... • Replication begins at special sites called origins of replication, where the two DNA strands are separated, opening up a replication “bubble” ...
... • Replication begins at special sites called origins of replication, where the two DNA strands are separated, opening up a replication “bubble” ...
DNA
... Replication is semi-conservative meaning that each new double helix consists of an old strand of DNA ...
... Replication is semi-conservative meaning that each new double helix consists of an old strand of DNA ...
Name________________________________ Date___________
... Chapter 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance: DNA Structure and Function 13. E. coli grown on N15 medium are transferred to N14 medium and allowed to grow for two generations (two rounds of DNA replication). DNA extracted from these cells is centrifuged. What density distribution of DNA would you ...
... Chapter 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance: DNA Structure and Function 13. E. coli grown on N15 medium are transferred to N14 medium and allowed to grow for two generations (two rounds of DNA replication). DNA extracted from these cells is centrifuged. What density distribution of DNA would you ...
Document
... A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a protein. Each unique gene has a unique sequence of bases. This unique sequence of bases will code for the production of a unique protein. It is these proteins and combination of proteins that give us a unique phenotype. ...
... A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a protein. Each unique gene has a unique sequence of bases. This unique sequence of bases will code for the production of a unique protein. It is these proteins and combination of proteins that give us a unique phenotype. ...
Unit #8 Direction Sheet - Sonoma Valley High School
... Explain why the correct bases always find their way into position so that the two new molecules are exactly like the original molecule of DNA. E) Explain where the extra DNA nucleotides come from that make the new molecules. F) Explain whether the new molecules are composed of 2 new strands, 2 old s ...
... Explain why the correct bases always find their way into position so that the two new molecules are exactly like the original molecule of DNA. E) Explain where the extra DNA nucleotides come from that make the new molecules. F) Explain whether the new molecules are composed of 2 new strands, 2 old s ...
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (DDDP)
... • XP is an autosomal recessive genetic disease. Patients will be suffered with hyper-sensitivity to UV which results in multiple skin cancers. • The cause is due to the low enzymatic activity for the nucleotide excisionrepairing process, particular thymine ...
... • XP is an autosomal recessive genetic disease. Patients will be suffered with hyper-sensitivity to UV which results in multiple skin cancers. • The cause is due to the low enzymatic activity for the nucleotide excisionrepairing process, particular thymine ...
DNA damage and repair
... In some cases, this is not possible, and can lead to INDIRECT MUTAGENESIS (via translesion DNA synthesis) ...
... In some cases, this is not possible, and can lead to INDIRECT MUTAGENESIS (via translesion DNA synthesis) ...
DNA Structure
... • Proteins recognize a stretch of DNA having a specific sequence of nucleotides • These proteins attach to the DNA and separate the two strands and open up a replication “bubble” ...
... • Proteins recognize a stretch of DNA having a specific sequence of nucleotides • These proteins attach to the DNA and separate the two strands and open up a replication “bubble” ...
CHAPTER 11 LECTURE SLIDES Prepared by Brenda Leady
... job is to rapidly remove RNA primers and fill in DNA DNA polymerases II, IV and V are involved in DNA repair and replicating damaged DNA DNA polymerases I and III stall at DNA damage DNA polymerases II, IV and V don’t stall but go slower and make sure replication is complete ...
... job is to rapidly remove RNA primers and fill in DNA DNA polymerases II, IV and V are involved in DNA repair and replicating damaged DNA DNA polymerases I and III stall at DNA damage DNA polymerases II, IV and V don’t stall but go slower and make sure replication is complete ...
8.2 Structure of DNA TEKS 3F, 6A, 6B
... The monomer for DNA is a nucleotide (Backbone & Bases) • Each nucleotide has three parts. – nitrogen-containing base – deoxyribose sugar ...
... The monomer for DNA is a nucleotide (Backbone & Bases) • Each nucleotide has three parts. – nitrogen-containing base – deoxyribose sugar ...
DNA: Structure and Replication Deoxyribonucleic acid, or more
... DNA: Structure and Replication Deoxyribonucleic acid, or more simply DNA, is a complex molecule found in all living organisms. It is the chemical of which genes are composed. An understanding of the organization of this molecule has answered many questions. Scientists now know how chromosomes can du ...
... DNA: Structure and Replication Deoxyribonucleic acid, or more simply DNA, is a complex molecule found in all living organisms. It is the chemical of which genes are composed. An understanding of the organization of this molecule has answered many questions. Scientists now know how chromosomes can du ...
Activity 3.3.4 DNA Models
... BLACK linkage = Deoxyribose sugar group 3. Create the strands of the DNA molecule by connecting the phosphate groups to deoxyribose sugar groups. The strands are the side rails of the DNA ladder and phosphates and deoxyribose sugar groups assemble in an alternating pattern. You want to create two ...
... BLACK linkage = Deoxyribose sugar group 3. Create the strands of the DNA molecule by connecting the phosphate groups to deoxyribose sugar groups. The strands are the side rails of the DNA ladder and phosphates and deoxyribose sugar groups assemble in an alternating pattern. You want to create two ...
DNA vs. RNA
... • The two strands of the parental molecule separate, and each acts as a template for a new complementary strand • In other words: when DNA makes a copy, one half of the OLD strand is always kept in the NEW strand. – This helps reduce the number of COPY errors. ...
... • The two strands of the parental molecule separate, and each acts as a template for a new complementary strand • In other words: when DNA makes a copy, one half of the OLD strand is always kept in the NEW strand. – This helps reduce the number of COPY errors. ...
Inquiry: How is DNA used to store and transmit cell information?
... • DNA is unique among all known molecules because it is the only one that is capable of duplicating itself. • The process of duplication is called replication. • During replication, the two complementary strands which form the DNA molecule unzip and then are used as templates from which new strands ...
... • DNA is unique among all known molecules because it is the only one that is capable of duplicating itself. • The process of duplication is called replication. • During replication, the two complementary strands which form the DNA molecule unzip and then are used as templates from which new strands ...
DNA replication
... strand to separate and, as they do, ask those that are free bases to pair up correctly with both halves of the strand. ...
... strand to separate and, as they do, ask those that are free bases to pair up correctly with both halves of the strand. ...
ch. 16 Molecular Basis of Inheritance-2009
... • The other parental strand (5’ → 3’ into the fork), the lagging strand, is copied away from the fork in short segments (Okazaki fragments). • Okazaki fragments, each about 100-200 nucleotides, are joined by DNA ligase to form the sugar-phosphate backbone of a single DNA strand. Fig. 16.13 Copyrigh ...
... • The other parental strand (5’ → 3’ into the fork), the lagging strand, is copied away from the fork in short segments (Okazaki fragments). • Okazaki fragments, each about 100-200 nucleotides, are joined by DNA ligase to form the sugar-phosphate backbone of a single DNA strand. Fig. 16.13 Copyrigh ...
DNA
... representing the nucleotide types within the sequence with assigned colored paperclips. • Predict and create a complementary strand of DNA using the base pairing rules. • Unzip and replicate the DNA gene segment explaining the steps of the process. ...
... representing the nucleotide types within the sequence with assigned colored paperclips. • Predict and create a complementary strand of DNA using the base pairing rules. • Unzip and replicate the DNA gene segment explaining the steps of the process. ...
DNA structure and replication notes
... paper: you can determine the bases of the covered strand by applying the base-pairing rules: A pair with T, and G pairs with C. • Watson and Crick predicted that a cell applies the same rules when copying its genes. ...
... paper: you can determine the bases of the covered strand by applying the base-pairing rules: A pair with T, and G pairs with C. • Watson and Crick predicted that a cell applies the same rules when copying its genes. ...
DNA and RNA Review Sheet Answers
... Primase – adds RNA primers on both leading and lagging Ligase – glues the backbones of sugars and phosphates together after the RNA primers are removed 26. If the sequence of nucleotides on the original DNA strand was A – G – G – C – T – A, what would be the nucleotide sequence on the complementary ...
... Primase – adds RNA primers on both leading and lagging Ligase – glues the backbones of sugars and phosphates together after the RNA primers are removed 26. If the sequence of nucleotides on the original DNA strand was A – G – G – C – T – A, what would be the nucleotide sequence on the complementary ...
Camp 1 - University of California, Santa Cruz
... • They are required to start the synthesis of both daughter strands. • Primases are enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of primers. • Primases are placed at about every 50 nucleotides in the lagging strand synthesis. ...
... • They are required to start the synthesis of both daughter strands. • Primases are enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of primers. • Primases are placed at about every 50 nucleotides in the lagging strand synthesis. ...
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
... separates into two strands, then produces two new complimentary strands following the rules of base pairing (Chargaff Rules). Each strand of double helix of DNA serves as a template, or model, for the new strand. ...
... separates into two strands, then produces two new complimentary strands following the rules of base pairing (Chargaff Rules). Each strand of double helix of DNA serves as a template, or model, for the new strand. ...
Slide 1
... DNA Replication Vocabulary Terms • Origin of replication – a site where DNA replication begins • Replication bubble – an area in which DNA replication is occurring with both strands unwound and being used as templates • Replication fork – the end of a replication bubble in which DNA polymerase is ac ...
... DNA Replication Vocabulary Terms • Origin of replication – a site where DNA replication begins • Replication bubble – an area in which DNA replication is occurring with both strands unwound and being used as templates • Replication fork – the end of a replication bubble in which DNA polymerase is ac ...
Activity 4.1.4 DNA Models
... inside the nuclear membrane. You can replicate this by twisting your model to make it become threedimensional rather than a flat two-dimensional shape. 9. Double check to ensure that you have followed the pairing rules for the nitrogen bases. Your teacher will need to verify that you have completed ...
... inside the nuclear membrane. You can replicate this by twisting your model to make it become threedimensional rather than a flat two-dimensional shape. 9. Double check to ensure that you have followed the pairing rules for the nitrogen bases. Your teacher will need to verify that you have completed ...
Eukaryotic DNA replication
Eukaryotic DNA replication is a conserved mechanism that restricts DNA replication to only once per cell cycle. Eukaryotic DNA replication of chromosomal DNA is central for the duplication of a cell and is necessary for the maintenance of the eukaryotic genome.DNA replication is the action of DNA polymerases synthesizing a DNA strand complementary to the original template strand. To synthesize DNA, the double-stranded DNA is unwound by DNA helicases ahead of polymerases, forming a replication fork containing two single-stranded templates. Replication processes permit the copying of a single DNA double helix into two DNA helices, which are divided into the daughter cells at mitosis. The major enzymatic functions carried out at the replication fork are well conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, but the replication machinery in eukaryotic DNA replication is a much larger complex, coordinating many proteins at the site of replication, forming the replisome.The replisome is responsible for copying the entirety of genomic DNA in each proliferative cell. This process allows for the high-fidelity passage of hereditary/genetic information from parental cell to daughter cell and is thus essential to all organisms. Much of the cell cycle is built around ensuring that DNA replication occurs without errors.In G1 phase of the cell cycle, many of the DNA replication regulatory processes are initiated. In eukaryotes, the vast majority of DNA synthesis occurs during S phase of the cell cycle, and the entire genome must be unwound and duplicated to form two daughter copies. During G2, any damaged DNA or replication errors are corrected. Finally, one copy of the genomes is segregated to each daughter cell at mitosis or M phase. These daughter copies each contain one strand from the parental duplex DNA and one nascent antiparallel strand.This mechanism is conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes and is known as semiconservative DNA replication. The process of semiconservative replication for the site of DNA replication is a fork-like DNA structure, the replication fork, where the DNA helix is open, or unwound, exposing unpaired DNA nucleotides for recognition and base pairing for the incorporationof free nucleotides into double-stranded DNA.