Spectrum of quasistable states in a strong infrared
... define the positions of the peaks in Fig. 2(b). In contrast, for electrons with other initial energies, it will be relatively easy to be ionized, because they can’t reach the quasistable states through multiphoton processes during the IR interaction. In short, the quasistable states act like a safe ...
... define the positions of the peaks in Fig. 2(b). In contrast, for electrons with other initial energies, it will be relatively easy to be ionized, because they can’t reach the quasistable states through multiphoton processes during the IR interaction. In short, the quasistable states act like a safe ...
Elements of Statistical Mechanics
... to a Maxwell – Boltzmann distribution. This distribution is established as the particles collide with each other, enhancing energy (and momentum) in the process. In a photon gas, there will also be an equilibrium distribution, but photons do not collide with each other (except under very extreme con ...
... to a Maxwell – Boltzmann distribution. This distribution is established as the particles collide with each other, enhancing energy (and momentum) in the process. In a photon gas, there will also be an equilibrium distribution, but photons do not collide with each other (except under very extreme con ...
Exact solutions and the adiabatic heuristic for quantum Hall states
... This is not at all a formality. Indeed the model hamiltonian we have been considering so far basically collapses to the hamiltonian for free fermions in a magnetic field at fractional filling fractions, and that problem certainly does not have an isolated incompressible ground state. The energy gap ...
... This is not at all a formality. Indeed the model hamiltonian we have been considering so far basically collapses to the hamiltonian for free fermions in a magnetic field at fractional filling fractions, and that problem certainly does not have an isolated incompressible ground state. The energy gap ...
The physical nature of information
... Error recognition and error correction in quantum computation cannot follow the recipes we learned for classical digital computers. Error recognition requires the ability to distinguish a signal from its ideal value. But we cannot, in general, tell whether two arbitrary quantum states differ, or not ...
... Error recognition and error correction in quantum computation cannot follow the recipes we learned for classical digital computers. Error recognition requires the ability to distinguish a signal from its ideal value. But we cannot, in general, tell whether two arbitrary quantum states differ, or not ...
The Born rule and its interpretation
... then guarantee that PΨ indeed has the properties of a probability measure, such as PΨ (A ∪ B) = (a) (a) PΨ (A) + PΨ (B) when A ∩ B = ∅ (and a similar property for a countable family of disjoint sets) and (a) (a) PΨ (R) = 1. Again, the probability measure PΨ is concentrated on σ(a). For example, if a ...
... then guarantee that PΨ indeed has the properties of a probability measure, such as PΨ (A ∪ B) = (a) (a) PΨ (A) + PΨ (B) when A ∩ B = ∅ (and a similar property for a countable family of disjoint sets) and (a) (a) PΨ (R) = 1. Again, the probability measure PΨ is concentrated on σ(a). For example, if a ...
Single_QD_spectro
... the presence of a capping layer. According to this model, in quantum dots with two or more excitons, the energy released from the annihilation of an exciton may be transferred to other carriers, one of which is then preferentially ejected into the surrounding matrix depending on the conduction (vale ...
... the presence of a capping layer. According to this model, in quantum dots with two or more excitons, the energy released from the annihilation of an exciton may be transferred to other carriers, one of which is then preferentially ejected into the surrounding matrix depending on the conduction (vale ...
Particle in a box
In quantum mechanics, the particle in a box model (also known as the infinite potential well or the infinite square well) describes a particle free to move in a small space surrounded by impenetrable barriers. The model is mainly used as a hypothetical example to illustrate the differences between classical and quantum systems. In classical systems, for example a ball trapped inside a large box, the particle can move at any speed within the box and it is no more likely to be found at one position than another. However, when the well becomes very narrow (on the scale of a few nanometers), quantum effects become important. The particle may only occupy certain positive energy levels. Likewise, it can never have zero energy, meaning that the particle can never ""sit still"". Additionally, it is more likely to be found at certain positions than at others, depending on its energy level. The particle may never be detected at certain positions, known as spatial nodes.The particle in a box model provides one of the very few problems in quantum mechanics which can be solved analytically, without approximations. This means that the observable properties of the particle (such as its energy and position) are related to the mass of the particle and the width of the well by simple mathematical expressions. Due to its simplicity, the model allows insight into quantum effects without the need for complicated mathematics. It is one of the first quantum mechanics problems taught in undergraduate physics courses, and it is commonly used as an approximation for more complicated quantum systems.