Economic Reforms and State Sector Bankruptcy in China* Carsten A
... A- and B-shares are enterprise shares traded on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges since 1992. A-shares are held and traded by domestic citizens (negotiable A-shares) and domestic legal persons (non-negotiable A-shares); B-shares are held and traded by foreigners. H- and N-shares denote the s ...
... A- and B-shares are enterprise shares traded on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges since 1992. A-shares are held and traded by domestic citizens (negotiable A-shares) and domestic legal persons (non-negotiable A-shares); B-shares are held and traded by foreigners. H- and N-shares denote the s ...
nber working paper series a theory of aggregate supply and
... our understanding of the macroeconomic mechanisms at play over the business cycle. Thus, in this paper, we propose a transparent and tractable business cycle model that possesses these four features. The key assumption we make is that there are trade frictions in the product and labor markets. We re ...
... our understanding of the macroeconomic mechanisms at play over the business cycle. Thus, in this paper, we propose a transparent and tractable business cycle model that possesses these four features. The key assumption we make is that there are trade frictions in the product and labor markets. We re ...
Essays on Capital Market Imperfections, Intergenerational Mobility and Economic Development
... that helps poor and talented agents to become educated and to catch up with those rich agents. The major results of Chapter 1 might be summarized as follows: endogenous capital market imperfections may promote intergenerational mobility among talented individuals, since talented children from poor f ...
... that helps poor and talented agents to become educated and to catch up with those rich agents. The major results of Chapter 1 might be summarized as follows: endogenous capital market imperfections may promote intergenerational mobility among talented individuals, since talented children from poor f ...
A Post-Keynesian Behavioral Critique of Neoclassical Economics
... economic crisis that affected all corners of society, but it seemed like no one saw it coming. Much of mainstream economic theory has restricted itself to only understanding a theoretical world, which h ...
... economic crisis that affected all corners of society, but it seemed like no one saw it coming. Much of mainstream economic theory has restricted itself to only understanding a theoretical world, which h ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THEORIES OF WAGE RIGIDITY Joseph E. Stiglitz
... below), and if workers' have no access to the capital market (so consumption and income at each date are identical), then consumption of all those retained throughout the business cycle should be constant, i.e. real wages should move inversely to the number of hours worked. If leisure and consumptio ...
... below), and if workers' have no access to the capital market (so consumption and income at each date are identical), then consumption of all those retained throughout the business cycle should be constant, i.e. real wages should move inversely to the number of hours worked. If leisure and consumptio ...
Chapter 1 - Carlos Pitta
... 1. Economists try to address their subject with a scientist’s objectivity. Like all scientists, they make appropriate assumptions and build simplified models in order to understand the world around them. Two simple economic models are the circular-flow diagram and the production possibilities fronti ...
... 1. Economists try to address their subject with a scientist’s objectivity. Like all scientists, they make appropriate assumptions and build simplified models in order to understand the world around them. Two simple economic models are the circular-flow diagram and the production possibilities fronti ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES George J. Borjas Working Paper 14796
... workers and increase the wage of complementary workers, at least in the short run. Despite the common-‐sense intuition behind these predictions, the empirical literature seems full of contradictory results. Som ...
... workers and increase the wage of complementary workers, at least in the short run. Despite the common-‐sense intuition behind these predictions, the empirical literature seems full of contradictory results. Som ...
What explains the German labor market miracle in the Great
... the amount of the puzzle left unquantified and possibly due to private and public labor market reforms. We deemphasize flexibility in cutting hours per worker only because it played an equally important role in moderating employment decline in previous “non-miraculous” recessions. Such flexibility ...
... the amount of the puzzle left unquantified and possibly due to private and public labor market reforms. We deemphasize flexibility in cutting hours per worker only because it played an equally important role in moderating employment decline in previous “non-miraculous” recessions. Such flexibility ...
(2011): DELFI: DNB`s Macroeconomic Policy Model of the Netherlands
... user to analyze the effects of financial turmoil. If pension funds see their funding ratios drop below the regulatory minimum, they might decide to raise the pension premium or reduce benefits. Both actions affect the real economy, either by increasing production costs or by lowering disposable inco ...
... user to analyze the effects of financial turmoil. If pension funds see their funding ratios drop below the regulatory minimum, they might decide to raise the pension premium or reduce benefits. Both actions affect the real economy, either by increasing production costs or by lowering disposable inco ...
1992-1
... by Lundahl (1982). We assume that all unskilled labour is black labour, and all skilled labour is white.2 In Lundahl's model, some skilled labour is black (and all unskilled labour is black), but his assumption about the interracial composition of skilled labour can easily be incorporated into our m ...
... by Lundahl (1982). We assume that all unskilled labour is black labour, and all skilled labour is white.2 In Lundahl's model, some skilled labour is black (and all unskilled labour is black), but his assumption about the interracial composition of skilled labour can easily be incorporated into our m ...
Grassroots Festival
... increase in just the past five years. That amount is greater than the Gross Domestic Product of most countries. This spending supports 5.7 million full-time jobs right here in the U.S.—an increase of 850,000 jobs since our 2002 study. What’s more, because arts and culture organizations are strongly ...
... increase in just the past five years. That amount is greater than the Gross Domestic Product of most countries. This spending supports 5.7 million full-time jobs right here in the U.S.—an increase of 850,000 jobs since our 2002 study. What’s more, because arts and culture organizations are strongly ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
... The price, or average compensation per unit of capital input, is a compound variable, measuring, in effect, the product of the average price of capital goods and the average rate of return on the capital stock of the sector. This measure may also be interpreted as an index of the net rent earned per ...
... The price, or average compensation per unit of capital input, is a compound variable, measuring, in effect, the product of the average price of capital goods and the average rate of return on the capital stock of the sector. This measure may also be interpreted as an index of the net rent earned per ...
Solutions for all Economics Grade 12 Learner`s Book
... Economics Solutions for all Learner’s Book has been developed to support the content (knowledge, concepts and skills) contained in the National Curriculum Statement (NCS), as organised in the new Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) for Economics. The Economics Solutions for all Learner ...
... Economics Solutions for all Learner’s Book has been developed to support the content (knowledge, concepts and skills) contained in the National Curriculum Statement (NCS), as organised in the new Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) for Economics. The Economics Solutions for all Learner ...
Does investment call the tune? Empirical evidence and
... mas R. Malthus, and Simonde de Sismondi. These authors attributed downturns in business activity to economic circumstances, that is, to endogenous factors (Mitchell, 1927: Ch. 1). “General gluts” would occur because purchasing power available in society is not sufficient to buy the output produced, ...
... mas R. Malthus, and Simonde de Sismondi. These authors attributed downturns in business activity to economic circumstances, that is, to endogenous factors (Mitchell, 1927: Ch. 1). “General gluts” would occur because purchasing power available in society is not sufficient to buy the output produced, ...
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
... The reasons behind credit crunch are numerous but it is obvious that credit crunch bring the recession. The financial crisis changes the previous scenario and relations of interest rate and the credit. Basically lenders and investors always are looking for the least risk of their money which comprom ...
... The reasons behind credit crunch are numerous but it is obvious that credit crunch bring the recession. The financial crisis changes the previous scenario and relations of interest rate and the credit. Basically lenders and investors always are looking for the least risk of their money which comprom ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RECESSION? Michael C. Burda
... GDP decline was similar to that of the United States, but its recovery has been slower, and its increase in unemployment and reduction in employment lie in between the trajectories of the United States and Germany. The German experience in 2008-09 contrasts not merely with that of the United States, ...
... GDP decline was similar to that of the United States, but its recovery has been slower, and its increase in unemployment and reduction in employment lie in between the trajectories of the United States and Germany. The German experience in 2008-09 contrasts not merely with that of the United States, ...
a study of the long-term movement of the profit rate in
... validity of Marx’s hypothesis has been intensely debated. Like Marx, Immanuel Wallerstein sees capitalism as a historically specific social system that exists and functions under certain historical conditions. According to Wallerstein, the capitalist world-economy rests upon the endless accumulation ...
... validity of Marx’s hypothesis has been intensely debated. Like Marx, Immanuel Wallerstein sees capitalism as a historically specific social system that exists and functions under certain historical conditions. According to Wallerstein, the capitalist world-economy rests upon the endless accumulation ...
Social Structures of Accumulation, the Rate of Profit
... unions, and large corporations. The neoliberal SSA has been characterized by a much lesser role for such institutions in regulating economic relations and behaviors, with a correspondingly larger role played by market forces.9 The postwar regulated capitalist SSA had 5 key features. First, the capit ...
... unions, and large corporations. The neoliberal SSA has been characterized by a much lesser role for such institutions in regulating economic relations and behaviors, with a correspondingly larger role played by market forces.9 The postwar regulated capitalist SSA had 5 key features. First, the capit ...
Supply and demand - David E. Harrington
... A situation in a market when the price is such that the quantity that consumers demand is correctly balanced by the quantity that firms wish to supply. Comparative static analysis: Examines the likely effect on the equilibrium of a change in the external conditions affecting the market. Changes in m ...
... A situation in a market when the price is such that the quantity that consumers demand is correctly balanced by the quantity that firms wish to supply. Comparative static analysis: Examines the likely effect on the equilibrium of a change in the external conditions affecting the market. Changes in m ...
Macroeconomic Impacts of Gender Inequality and Informality in India
... are modeled as: (i) lower education (skill) level of female relative to male workers (World Bank (2013a)); (ii) lower bargaining power in the wage bargaining process (ILO (2011)); and (iii) firm-based gender bias against females in formal employment (ILO (2012), Campbell and Ahmed (2012), OECD (2008 ...
... are modeled as: (i) lower education (skill) level of female relative to male workers (World Bank (2013a)); (ii) lower bargaining power in the wage bargaining process (ILO (2011)); and (iii) firm-based gender bias against females in formal employment (ILO (2012), Campbell and Ahmed (2012), OECD (2008 ...
HOTS - Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1 Alwar
... the ownership of the factors of production. Functional distribution:- When the national Income/Production is distributed among different factors of production like Land, Labour, capital and Entrepreneurship for providing their service in term of rent, wages, interest and profit respectively. ...
... the ownership of the factors of production. Functional distribution:- When the national Income/Production is distributed among different factors of production like Land, Labour, capital and Entrepreneurship for providing their service in term of rent, wages, interest and profit respectively. ...
Department of Economic History, Stockholm University
... constructed, from a technical-mathematical point of view, more advanced growth models and taken up aspects of capitalist accumulation not dealt much by Marxian economists, as for instance the role of knowledge. Schumpeterians have made important contributions by emphasizing the role of innovation an ...
... constructed, from a technical-mathematical point of view, more advanced growth models and taken up aspects of capitalist accumulation not dealt much by Marxian economists, as for instance the role of knowledge. Schumpeterians have made important contributions by emphasizing the role of innovation an ...
Slide 1
... Fed Model (spread between Treasuries and AAA or BBB bonds) Sentiment Surveys Insider Trades ...
... Fed Model (spread between Treasuries and AAA or BBB bonds) Sentiment Surveys Insider Trades ...
Measuring the Relationship between Freedom and Prosperity
... is not about a ‘laissez-faire’ or hands off approach by the government, but a system where government sets the rules, enforces them and arbitrates disputes, but does not actively influence or coerce players. Hayek continues, “of course every state must act and every action of the state interferes wi ...
... is not about a ‘laissez-faire’ or hands off approach by the government, but a system where government sets the rules, enforces them and arbitrates disputes, but does not actively influence or coerce players. Hayek continues, “of course every state must act and every action of the state interferes wi ...
Wage-led growth: Concept, theories and policies pdf
... between distributional policies and a macroeconomic regime. It is important to make these conceptual definitions and distinctions because they are not always obvious to noneconomists. On the one hand governments can pursue pro-labour or pro-capital distributional policies, which aim at increasing o ...
... between distributional policies and a macroeconomic regime. It is important to make these conceptual definitions and distinctions because they are not always obvious to noneconomists. On the one hand governments can pursue pro-labour or pro-capital distributional policies, which aim at increasing o ...