intra-euro area trade linKaGeS and eXternal adjuStment
... Notwithstanding the longer-term increase in intra-euro area trade, trade with third countries has been even more dynamic over recent years (see Chart 3). As a result, the share of intra-euro area trade in total euro area trade in goods and services declined slightly from 50% in 1999 to 46% in 2011. ...
... Notwithstanding the longer-term increase in intra-euro area trade, trade with third countries has been even more dynamic over recent years (see Chart 3). As a result, the share of intra-euro area trade in total euro area trade in goods and services declined slightly from 50% in 1999 to 46% in 2011. ...
The Corporatist Political Economies
... return for expansion of the “social wage,” that is, welfare state benefits, both transfers and services, that benefit their members. There is some disagreement about which countries should be classified as corporatist. Lehmbruch (1984), Katzenstein (1985), and Stephens (1979) agree that Austria, Bel ...
... return for expansion of the “social wage,” that is, welfare state benefits, both transfers and services, that benefit their members. There is some disagreement about which countries should be classified as corporatist. Lehmbruch (1984), Katzenstein (1985), and Stephens (1979) agree that Austria, Bel ...
Comprehensive Growth Strategy - Indonesia
... account deficit to a sustainable level supported by adequate financing. At the same time, the Government is also improving interconnectivity across regions within the country to help reduce logisti ...
... account deficit to a sustainable level supported by adequate financing. At the same time, the Government is also improving interconnectivity across regions within the country to help reduce logisti ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
... has accomplished since the change in government and economic policy in 1966. According to World Bank estimates, Indonesia’s GDP grew at an average annual rate of 7.8% over 1970-81. This is a point or two below the growth rates of Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore but markedly higher than the 2 ...
... has accomplished since the change in government and economic policy in 1966. According to World Bank estimates, Indonesia’s GDP grew at an average annual rate of 7.8% over 1970-81. This is a point or two below the growth rates of Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore but markedly higher than the 2 ...
3 - WTO Documents Online - World Trade Organization
... The Panel expressed no views on customs unions or free trade agreements (FTAs) among developing countries under paragraph 2(c) of the Enabling Clause. In the present context, this Panel Report is simply irrelevant. ...
... The Panel expressed no views on customs unions or free trade agreements (FTAs) among developing countries under paragraph 2(c) of the Enabling Clause. In the present context, this Panel Report is simply irrelevant. ...
Step A: Course Planning Map—Grade/Course
... Elaborated Unit Focus: The focus of this unit is on individual decision-making, the decision of firms and those of different industry sectors. Microeconomics provides useful tools for understanding the behavior of consumers and producers in the marketplace, along with the interrelationships between ...
... Elaborated Unit Focus: The focus of this unit is on individual decision-making, the decision of firms and those of different industry sectors. Microeconomics provides useful tools for understanding the behavior of consumers and producers in the marketplace, along with the interrelationships between ...
Western Europe`s Growth Prospects: an
... had a number of unavoidable aspects including the exhaustion of transitory components of fast growth such as postwar reconstruction, reduced opportunities to redeploy labour out of agriculture, narrowing of the technology gap, and diminishing returns to investment. Moreover, the United States itself ...
... had a number of unavoidable aspects including the exhaustion of transitory components of fast growth such as postwar reconstruction, reduced opportunities to redeploy labour out of agriculture, narrowing of the technology gap, and diminishing returns to investment. Moreover, the United States itself ...
Book title: None yet
... hunters and gatherers in northern Botswana. They did not want to be hunters and gatherers. They wanted land to farm and to run cattle on. They accessed land that had been left aside for them when their land was originally cut into blocks of farms. But even before they could fence the land events in ...
... hunters and gatherers in northern Botswana. They did not want to be hunters and gatherers. They wanted land to farm and to run cattle on. They accessed land that had been left aside for them when their land was originally cut into blocks of farms. But even before they could fence the land events in ...
PDF
... takes the form of import barriers erected to protect domestic producers by keeping the foreign competition out or at a competitive disadvantage. ...
... takes the form of import barriers erected to protect domestic producers by keeping the foreign competition out or at a competitive disadvantage. ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TRADE INTEGRATION AND RISK SHARING Aart Kraay Jaume Ventura
... be explained by reductions in costs of trading goods and services. Of this total, tariff rate reductions and preferential agreements account for 23 to 26 percent, and transport cost declines for 8 to 9 percent. We think that these are very conservative estimates and the real numbers might be even hi ...
... be explained by reductions in costs of trading goods and services. Of this total, tariff rate reductions and preferential agreements account for 23 to 26 percent, and transport cost declines for 8 to 9 percent. We think that these are very conservative estimates and the real numbers might be even hi ...
A Decade of Change: El Paso`s Economic Transition of the 1990s
... local economy—El Paso—with a reference economy—the United States—to identify areas of specialization generally resulting from geographic location. Industries with a higher share of employment than those in the national economy are considered basic industries and drivers of the local economy. This ap ...
... local economy—El Paso—with a reference economy—the United States—to identify areas of specialization generally resulting from geographic location. Industries with a higher share of employment than those in the national economy are considered basic industries and drivers of the local economy. This ap ...
Understanding the Latin American Gap during the era of Import
... already incorporated into the growth process of the world economic order. The so-called belle époque of liberalism during the nineteenth century where the first age of globalisation dominated the scene in world development came in Latin America to an end with the Great Depression in 1929. Latin Amer ...
... already incorporated into the growth process of the world economic order. The so-called belle époque of liberalism during the nineteenth century where the first age of globalisation dominated the scene in world development came in Latin America to an end with the Great Depression in 1929. Latin Amer ...
View/Open
... assessing future likely economic changes due to upcoming or hypothesised policy shocks such as those brought about by EU enlargement. It entails the main advantage of considering the complex simultaneous linkages, interactions and feedback effects between various sectors, institutions and factor res ...
... assessing future likely economic changes due to upcoming or hypothesised policy shocks such as those brought about by EU enlargement. It entails the main advantage of considering the complex simultaneous linkages, interactions and feedback effects between various sectors, institutions and factor res ...
economic policies and management
... productive capacity over time, commonly measured by the percentage increase in GDP (real) Real GDP- the total value of all final G/S produced in an economy over a period of time, adjusted for changes in prices (inflation) Economic growth offers the benefits of o Increased standard of living o Improv ...
... productive capacity over time, commonly measured by the percentage increase in GDP (real) Real GDP- the total value of all final G/S produced in an economy over a period of time, adjusted for changes in prices (inflation) Economic growth offers the benefits of o Increased standard of living o Improv ...
Chapter 1
... technical change than does the United States. a. Structural effects help to account for differences in technical change in the United States and technical change in Germany and Japan. 1. The large shifts in economic activity away from the agricultural industry in Germany and Japan have tended to rai ...
... technical change than does the United States. a. Structural effects help to account for differences in technical change in the United States and technical change in Germany and Japan. 1. The large shifts in economic activity away from the agricultural industry in Germany and Japan have tended to rai ...
Economics, by R. Glenn Hubbard and Anthony Patrick O`Brien
... Economic growth model A model that explains changes in real GDP per capita in the long run. Labor productivity The quantity of goods and services that can be produced by one worker or by one hour of work. Technological change Change in the ability of a firm to produce a given level of output with a ...
... Economic growth model A model that explains changes in real GDP per capita in the long run. Labor productivity The quantity of goods and services that can be produced by one worker or by one hour of work. Technological change Change in the ability of a firm to produce a given level of output with a ...
Lessons from the Dutch Disease:
... A number of such case studies is to be found in Auty (2001). This discussion draws on Gylfason and Zoega (2001). ...
... A number of such case studies is to be found in Auty (2001). This discussion draws on Gylfason and Zoega (2001). ...
3 The Lesser Duty Rule in Trade Defence Investigations
... As shown in the table below, in two out of four definitive TDI measures imposed during Q1 2013, duty rates would be substantially higher if the new proposal was introduced. In one case, certain exporters would face almost three times higher duties, and, in another case, some exporters would face mo ...
... As shown in the table below, in two out of four definitive TDI measures imposed during Q1 2013, duty rates would be substantially higher if the new proposal was introduced. In one case, certain exporters would face almost three times higher duties, and, in another case, some exporters would face mo ...
Market Competitiveness of the Czech Economy in the Era of
... reduction of trade barriers distort free exchanges and market competitiveness, such as the import tariffs, quotas and subsidies and other related trade distortions that undermine competitiveness. Market competitiveness is considered as a vital ingredient for production and trade in the economy. The ...
... reduction of trade barriers distort free exchanges and market competitiveness, such as the import tariffs, quotas and subsidies and other related trade distortions that undermine competitiveness. Market competitiveness is considered as a vital ingredient for production and trade in the economy. The ...
An Alternative Model for the Trade Balance of Countries with
... changes of abroad demand for their products not increasing its output, what would increase its costs of production, but reallocating stocks, what would be reflected in the national account as export and import in the same period. Castillo and Picazo (1995) propose an indicator to measure the “coinci ...
... changes of abroad demand for their products not increasing its output, what would increase its costs of production, but reallocating stocks, what would be reflected in the national account as export and import in the same period. Castillo and Picazo (1995) propose an indicator to measure the “coinci ...
ŁUKASZ PIĘTAK Review Of Theories And Models Of
... take into account changes in the amount of time spent on work, which obviously affects the welfare of society. Also the measure of economic growth does not include the negative processes associated with economic activities, such as environmental pollution, its progressive degradation, or noise pollu ...
... take into account changes in the amount of time spent on work, which obviously affects the welfare of society. Also the measure of economic growth does not include the negative processes associated with economic activities, such as environmental pollution, its progressive degradation, or noise pollu ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ARE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS CONTAGIOUS? Richard Baldwin Dany Jaimovich
... were previously against membership to change their minds and join. Moreover, the pure economic incentive of excluded nations to join rises with customs union membership. If the membership expansion is spread over time for practical reasons, a single event of regionalism may appear to spark a domino- ...
... were previously against membership to change their minds and join. Moreover, the pure economic incentive of excluded nations to join rises with customs union membership. If the membership expansion is spread over time for practical reasons, a single event of regionalism may appear to spark a domino- ...
Long-Run Price Elasticity of Trade and the Trade-Comovement Puzzle
... the idea of dynamic elasticity in stylized fashion. In particular, our analytic framework embeds the static elasticity model as a special case, and otherwise rests on the canonical open economy macroeconomics assumptions, such as country-specific goods, endogenous labor leisure trade-off, internatio ...
... the idea of dynamic elasticity in stylized fashion. In particular, our analytic framework embeds the static elasticity model as a special case, and otherwise rests on the canonical open economy macroeconomics assumptions, such as country-specific goods, endogenous labor leisure trade-off, internatio ...
CH 8 - Cameron University
... capital accumulation and efficiency to be higher in some countries than others. CHAPTER 8 ...
... capital accumulation and efficiency to be higher in some countries than others. CHAPTER 8 ...
PDF
... - The mobilisation of internal and regional resources for the use in national, regional and international policies to reduce external dependence and increase regional coordination. - Coordinated efforts by member countries to gain international acceptance and practical support for SADCC strategies. ...
... - The mobilisation of internal and regional resources for the use in national, regional and international policies to reduce external dependence and increase regional coordination. - Coordinated efforts by member countries to gain international acceptance and practical support for SADCC strategies. ...