Trading Population for Productivity: Theory and Evidence
... 1 1 Galor and Mountford (2006) abstracts from these stages of development and demonstrates in a simpler Ricardian model that although international trade may equalize the growth rates of the value of total output in the two trading economies, since the rate of population growth in the technologicall ...
... 1 1 Galor and Mountford (2006) abstracts from these stages of development and demonstrates in a simpler Ricardian model that although international trade may equalize the growth rates of the value of total output in the two trading economies, since the rate of population growth in the technologicall ...
The Political Economy of Policy Reform: Insights from Southeast Asia
... these factors are present in the case of successful reforms. An understanding of the drivers of reform in turn requires identification of the key policy actors. We summarize here some salient points in the literature. First, the “crisis hypothesis” as a reform driver was a key conclusion of the comp ...
... these factors are present in the case of successful reforms. An understanding of the drivers of reform in turn requires identification of the key policy actors. We summarize here some salient points in the literature. First, the “crisis hypothesis” as a reform driver was a key conclusion of the comp ...
Convergence, Trade and Industrial Policy
... This paper addresses the economic performance of three Latin American countries, namely Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, from a comparative perspective. The comparison uses a group of four developed countries as a benchmark: France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States (G-4). The focus of ...
... This paper addresses the economic performance of three Latin American countries, namely Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, from a comparative perspective. The comparison uses a group of four developed countries as a benchmark: France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States (G-4). The focus of ...
A Global Economy with Multiple Growth Poles
... As financial markets recover and growth resumes, we cannot be complacent about the need for coordinated policies to assure a sustainable recovery and renewed growth over the medium-term. The risks of a sluggish recovery or even a “double-dip” recession are not negligible. The crisis has inflicted he ...
... As financial markets recover and growth resumes, we cannot be complacent about the need for coordinated policies to assure a sustainable recovery and renewed growth over the medium-term. The risks of a sluggish recovery or even a “double-dip” recession are not negligible. The crisis has inflicted he ...
Daily Digest - Office of Trade Negotiations
... regulatory barriers, and not on currency intervention policies abroad that are driving the country's trade and monetary imbalances, notes a new report from CIBC World Markets Inc. "Trade may be liberalized, but are the exchange rates that set relative prices and costs also going to have their shackl ...
... regulatory barriers, and not on currency intervention policies abroad that are driving the country's trade and monetary imbalances, notes a new report from CIBC World Markets Inc. "Trade may be liberalized, but are the exchange rates that set relative prices and costs also going to have their shackl ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES R&D SPILLOVERS AND GLOBAL
... depends on the supply of consumer goods, intermediate products, and capital goods from its trade partners, and it relies on the trade partners to supply markets for its own products. ...
... depends on the supply of consumer goods, intermediate products, and capital goods from its trade partners, and it relies on the trade partners to supply markets for its own products. ...
Lecture 7: Macro: Growth of the National Economy
... the other (labor) is variable. • The law of diminishing marginal productivity predicts that labor will become less productive as it increases (and land remains fixed). • Since MPL determines wage, wages will be pushed down to subsistence levels. Spring 2004 ...
... the other (labor) is variable. • The law of diminishing marginal productivity predicts that labor will become less productive as it increases (and land remains fixed). • Since MPL determines wage, wages will be pushed down to subsistence levels. Spring 2004 ...
GDP
... significant challenge to Macao’s manufacturing industry, the MSAR Government had proposed to the central government a plan to build a cross-border industrial zone between Macao and Zhuhai in order to combine the advantages of the two regions. The idea was approved by the State Council on 5 December ...
... significant challenge to Macao’s manufacturing industry, the MSAR Government had proposed to the central government a plan to build a cross-border industrial zone between Macao and Zhuhai in order to combine the advantages of the two regions. The idea was approved by the State Council on 5 December ...
THE FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
... It seems unlikely that a route to explaining Britain's exceptional degree of industrialization can be found by seeking to account for it via an 'old-hat' belief in unbalanced productivity growth favouring industry. On the contrary, the key seems to be that capitalist farming was the norm in Britain ...
... It seems unlikely that a route to explaining Britain's exceptional degree of industrialization can be found by seeking to account for it via an 'old-hat' belief in unbalanced productivity growth favouring industry. On the contrary, the key seems to be that capitalist farming was the norm in Britain ...
Economic and Social Conditions in North Africa 2012-2013
... 13. After the 2012 recession, the European union experienced an activity rebound, mainly in the second half of 2013, supported by a positive trade balance and, to a lesser extent, a boosting of the domestic consumption and investments. This recovery of the positive dynamics of growth allowed the eme ...
... 13. After the 2012 recession, the European union experienced an activity rebound, mainly in the second half of 2013, supported by a positive trade balance and, to a lesser extent, a boosting of the domestic consumption and investments. This recovery of the positive dynamics of growth allowed the eme ...
The Economics Essays Guide Part One
... newly established industries suffer to survive due to higher average costs competition in the early days makes growth possible, they can take advantage of economies of scale, lower average costs and become competitive – protection can now be removed !! ...
... newly established industries suffer to survive due to higher average costs competition in the early days makes growth possible, they can take advantage of economies of scale, lower average costs and become competitive – protection can now be removed !! ...
The Resilient Trade Surplus, the Pharmaceutical Sector, and
... the current account (particularly in Switzerland) consists of more than net exports of goods (figure 1). The primary reason to focus on trade in goods is the fact that it is typically considered to be the main channel of adjustment for external imbalances (see Obstfeld and Rogoff 2005; IMF 2007; Chi ...
... the current account (particularly in Switzerland) consists of more than net exports of goods (figure 1). The primary reason to focus on trade in goods is the fact that it is typically considered to be the main channel of adjustment for external imbalances (see Obstfeld and Rogoff 2005; IMF 2007; Chi ...
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... Until Jacob Viner wrote his classic work The Customs Union Issue in 1953, economists believed that a free trade area (FTA), by removing trade restrictions among member states, increased specialization in production and invariably benefited the member countries and it also had positive spillover effe ...
... Until Jacob Viner wrote his classic work The Customs Union Issue in 1953, economists believed that a free trade area (FTA), by removing trade restrictions among member states, increased specialization in production and invariably benefited the member countries and it also had positive spillover effe ...
Macroeconomic Policy, Growth And Poverty Reduction Terry McKinley
... in public investment (i.e., fiscal expansion). The heterodox policy package assumes that if fiscal expansion generates government deficits, these deficits do not necessarily have a strong impact on increasing inflation and that inflation does not necessarily dampen growth. What is critical is that g ...
... in public investment (i.e., fiscal expansion). The heterodox policy package assumes that if fiscal expansion generates government deficits, these deficits do not necessarily have a strong impact on increasing inflation and that inflation does not necessarily dampen growth. What is critical is that g ...
IS PAPER SERIES
... The economy consists of identical households, each maximizing its utility over an infinite lifetime. Instantaneous utility is derived from consumption of two goods, one of which must be imüorted from abroad and one of which is available at home in fixed supply. Households may ...
... The economy consists of identical households, each maximizing its utility over an infinite lifetime. Instantaneous utility is derived from consumption of two goods, one of which must be imüorted from abroad and one of which is available at home in fixed supply. Households may ...
O A
... capital in absorption of modern technologies from advanced countries. Petrakis and Stamataki found that the influence of education on development depends on development level. Developing countries with low economic income benefit from primary and secondary levels, frequently; in contrast, developed ...
... capital in absorption of modern technologies from advanced countries. Petrakis and Stamataki found that the influence of education on development depends on development level. Developing countries with low economic income benefit from primary and secondary levels, frequently; in contrast, developed ...
Outsourcing and Offshoring: Problems for Price and Productivity
... the focus of this paper is on foreign outsourcing, I note that the measurement issues are similar in cases of domestic outsourcing. The bias in input price indexes that results from switching sources for intermediate inputs is analogous to the outlet substitution noted in the literature pertaining ...
... the focus of this paper is on foreign outsourcing, I note that the measurement issues are similar in cases of domestic outsourcing. The bias in input price indexes that results from switching sources for intermediate inputs is analogous to the outlet substitution noted in the literature pertaining ...
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... 5). Australia (+6 since 1994), New Zealand (+15 since 1994) and Finland (+13) were not among the leading performers at that time. The educational reforms in Australia are responsible for its rise in the index. New Zealand’s success story is mainly due to its labour market reforms together with a red ...
... 5). Australia (+6 since 1994), New Zealand (+15 since 1994) and Finland (+13) were not among the leading performers at that time. The educational reforms in Australia are responsible for its rise in the index. New Zealand’s success story is mainly due to its labour market reforms together with a red ...
exemplars and commentary
... effects, which result in even more growth effects for this section of the economy. For example, if firms benefited from an increase in export receipts and so increased production, they would pay more wages out to their workers (households). This increase in disposable income (HDI) of the households ...
... effects, which result in even more growth effects for this section of the economy. For example, if firms benefited from an increase in export receipts and so increased production, they would pay more wages out to their workers (households). This increase in disposable income (HDI) of the households ...
The Determinants of Trade in Goods and Services
... U.S.. Various specifications all point out that trade with the United States would be around 22 times higher when there would not be a border. This effect is especially large given the similarity of the two countries and the relative bureaucratical ease of crossing this border. It shows the relative ...
... U.S.. Various specifications all point out that trade with the United States would be around 22 times higher when there would not be a border. This effect is especially large given the similarity of the two countries and the relative bureaucratical ease of crossing this border. It shows the relative ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RECIPROCATED UNILATERALISM IN TRADE POLICY: AN INTEREST-GROUP APPROACH
... imports is itself equivalent to export taxes being imposed on all exports at the same ad valorem rate (Lerner symmetry). Further, if intermediates are used in production (specifically if the importable is used in the production of the exportable good), it should be clear to see that the import tax i ...
... imports is itself equivalent to export taxes being imposed on all exports at the same ad valorem rate (Lerner symmetry). Further, if intermediates are used in production (specifically if the importable is used in the production of the exportable good), it should be clear to see that the import tax i ...
essen-ch17-presentat..
... Productivity (output per unit of labor) is the main determinant of living standards in the long run. ...
... Productivity (output per unit of labor) is the main determinant of living standards in the long run. ...
Surplus, Efficiency, and Deadweight Loss
... sellers, defined as each individual’s Producer’s Surplus, added over all units sold. efficient level of trade – the level of trade which maximizes Total Social Surplus deadweight loss – the difference between maximum possible Total Social Surplus and realized Total Social Surplus. by construct ...
... sellers, defined as each individual’s Producer’s Surplus, added over all units sold. efficient level of trade – the level of trade which maximizes Total Social Surplus deadweight loss – the difference between maximum possible Total Social Surplus and realized Total Social Surplus. by construct ...
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... Public Policies Affecting Business National economic policy ...
... Public Policies Affecting Business National economic policy ...