Human capital and economic growth in OECD countries
... The results of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2000) (OECD 2001) resulted in a heavy debate on the determinants of the students’ performance especially within countries showing a relative poor performance (e.g. Fertig 2003). But it has also renewed the interest in the linkag ...
... The results of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2000) (OECD 2001) resulted in a heavy debate on the determinants of the students’ performance especially within countries showing a relative poor performance (e.g. Fertig 2003). But it has also renewed the interest in the linkag ...
Economic Growth in the Southern Cone and Brazil - Inter
... more volatile than output during this period. These results go in line with previous findings for other regions in that factor growth is much more stable than productivity and output growth (see table 4 and also Easterly and Levine, 2001). Although TFP is the dominant driver underlying the variabili ...
... more volatile than output during this period. These results go in line with previous findings for other regions in that factor growth is much more stable than productivity and output growth (see table 4 and also Easterly and Levine, 2001). Although TFP is the dominant driver underlying the variabili ...
ECONOMICS • ECON
... 4520 Interna tio nal T rade (3) Prereq.: ECON 2000 and 2010; or 2030. Introduction to the basic theories of international trade including classical, neoclassical, and postneoclassical theories; discussion on how these theories relate to current economic events and policies; brief overview of major U ...
... 4520 Interna tio nal T rade (3) Prereq.: ECON 2000 and 2010; or 2030. Introduction to the basic theories of international trade including classical, neoclassical, and postneoclassical theories; discussion on how these theories relate to current economic events and policies; brief overview of major U ...
Download (PDF)
... Eaton et al. (2011) find that demand shocks can explain 80% of the decline in trade and for some countries, like China and Japan, this share is a lot smaller. Hence, a significant share of the trade collapse remains to be explained. ...
... Eaton et al. (2011) find that demand shocks can explain 80% of the decline in trade and for some countries, like China and Japan, this share is a lot smaller. Hence, a significant share of the trade collapse remains to be explained. ...
Economics Activities 3
... DEBT: After the Revolutionary War, Congress faced enormous debt. The United States owed money to the French, who helped support the war. Money also was owed to American citizens who previously had bought bonds from the government to help support the war effort. The problem was so severe that some Am ...
... DEBT: After the Revolutionary War, Congress faced enormous debt. The United States owed money to the French, who helped support the war. Money also was owed to American citizens who previously had bought bonds from the government to help support the war effort. The problem was so severe that some Am ...
Sources of Slow Growth in African Economies
... to which there is an offsetting decline in private saving. Recent empirical work in Edwards (1996) supports the idea that a rise in government saving raises national saving, but by less than one-for-one, so there is some offset but it is not complete. It should be mentioned however, that for lack of ...
... to which there is an offsetting decline in private saving. Recent empirical work in Edwards (1996) supports the idea that a rise in government saving raises national saving, but by less than one-for-one, so there is some offset but it is not complete. It should be mentioned however, that for lack of ...
Relaxing intellectual property rights may increase growth
... the study finds that although FDI and IPR have positive effects on economic growth for most of the countries, stronger IPR mitigates the growth effect of FDI. Moreover, at the highest observed levels of FDI, it appears that more lax IPR increases the growth rate. The mitigating impact of IPR on the ...
... the study finds that although FDI and IPR have positive effects on economic growth for most of the countries, stronger IPR mitigates the growth effect of FDI. Moreover, at the highest observed levels of FDI, it appears that more lax IPR increases the growth rate. The mitigating impact of IPR on the ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ARE COUNTERCYCLICAL FISCAL POLICIES COUNTERPRODUCTIVE? David B. Gordon
... run to changes in government expenditures and taxes. But in economic downturns, countercyclical policies increase government indebtedness, raising future debt service obligations. These new expenditure commitments must be financed by some mix of higher taxes, lower spending, or higher money growth i ...
... run to changes in government expenditures and taxes. But in economic downturns, countercyclical policies increase government indebtedness, raising future debt service obligations. These new expenditure commitments must be financed by some mix of higher taxes, lower spending, or higher money growth i ...
PDF
... cronyism, nepotism, graft, embezzlement, etc. It is considered as one of the major obstacles in achieving the goals of public policies for both the developing countries and developed nations. It has adverse impacts on a nation’s economic growth (Shleifer and Vishny, 1993), government expenditure, or ...
... cronyism, nepotism, graft, embezzlement, etc. It is considered as one of the major obstacles in achieving the goals of public policies for both the developing countries and developed nations. It has adverse impacts on a nation’s economic growth (Shleifer and Vishny, 1993), government expenditure, or ...
IB Economics Section 3.3 The balance of payments
... The effect on indebtedness: A large current account deficit is synonymous with a large financial account surplus. One source of credits in the financial account is foreign ownership of domestic government bonds (i.e. debt). When a central bank from another nation buys government bonds from a nation ...
... The effect on indebtedness: A large current account deficit is synonymous with a large financial account surplus. One source of credits in the financial account is foreign ownership of domestic government bonds (i.e. debt). When a central bank from another nation buys government bonds from a nation ...
Research paper: How Does Trade Affect Regional Disparities?
... European integration is deemed to have contributed to a reduction of international disparities, while intranational disparities have, in contrast, widened (Esteban, 1994; Puga, 2002). For the United States, Silva and Leichenko (2004) report that increases in trade seem to be associated with a growth ...
... European integration is deemed to have contributed to a reduction of international disparities, while intranational disparities have, in contrast, widened (Esteban, 1994; Puga, 2002). For the United States, Silva and Leichenko (2004) report that increases in trade seem to be associated with a growth ...
Mankiw 6e PowerPoints
... To determine causation, Frankel and Romer exploit geographic differences among countries: Some nations trade less because they are farther from other nations, or landlocked. Such geographical differences are correlated with trade but not with other determinants of income. Hence, they can be ...
... To determine causation, Frankel and Romer exploit geographic differences among countries: Some nations trade less because they are farther from other nations, or landlocked. Such geographical differences are correlated with trade but not with other determinants of income. Hence, they can be ...
An Evaluation of the Performance of Applied General Equilibrium
... model. It should be stressed, however, that the parameter changes involved in the tax reform were far larger than those involved in the trade reform. In this section, we confront the results generated by the model with the data that describe the changes that actually took place in the Spanish econom ...
... model. It should be stressed, however, that the parameter changes involved in the tax reform were far larger than those involved in the trade reform. In this section, we confront the results generated by the model with the data that describe the changes that actually took place in the Spanish econom ...
6th Social Studies Curriculum Map
... to produce, 2-how to produce, and 3-for whom to produce. b. Explain how most countries have a mixed economy located on a continuum between pure and market and pure command. c. Compare the basic types of economic systems found in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Russia. ...
... to produce, 2-how to produce, and 3-for whom to produce. b. Explain how most countries have a mixed economy located on a continuum between pure and market and pure command. c. Compare the basic types of economic systems found in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Russia. ...
Economic Growth in an Interdependent World Economy1
... which growth is attributed to exogenous increases in total factor productivity.4 We are not the only authors to express skepticism with the Mankiw-Romer-Weil orthodoxy. In a recent paper, Bernanke and Gürkaynak [6] re-estimate the MRW model using data from a pre-publication version of the most recen ...
... which growth is attributed to exogenous increases in total factor productivity.4 We are not the only authors to express skepticism with the Mankiw-Romer-Weil orthodoxy. In a recent paper, Bernanke and Gürkaynak [6] re-estimate the MRW model using data from a pre-publication version of the most recen ...
Sudsawsd (224).pdf
... The real effective exchange rate is defined as the nominal exchange rate adjusted for the effects of inflation by multiplying the ratio of the reporting country’s consumer price index to another major country’s consumer price index, where the U.S. is the base country in the current study. The averag ...
... The real effective exchange rate is defined as the nominal exchange rate adjusted for the effects of inflation by multiplying the ratio of the reporting country’s consumer price index to another major country’s consumer price index, where the U.S. is the base country in the current study. The averag ...
An Evaluation of the Performance of Applied General Equilibrium
... model. It should be stressed, however, that the parameter changes involved in the tax reform were far larger than those involved in the trade reform. In this section, we confront the results generated by the model with the data that describe the changes that actually took place in the Spanish econom ...
... model. It should be stressed, however, that the parameter changes involved in the tax reform were far larger than those involved in the trade reform. In this section, we confront the results generated by the model with the data that describe the changes that actually took place in the Spanish econom ...
D P N -C
... the number of institutional actors involved in policy-making also influences whether states disagree with the Secretariat’s rulings. Specifically I argue that this relationship is nonlinear; the probability of ACJ disputes increase with an initial rise in the number of veto players but at higher num ...
... the number of institutional actors involved in policy-making also influences whether states disagree with the Secretariat’s rulings. Specifically I argue that this relationship is nonlinear; the probability of ACJ disputes increase with an initial rise in the number of veto players but at higher num ...
View/Open
... intensification of government intervention across developed countries. Such agricultural exceptionalism (protectionism)1 has continued to be tolerated until its harmful consequences have become lucidly apparent by the mid-1980s in the forms of budgetary burdens, surplus production, and distortions i ...
... intensification of government intervention across developed countries. Such agricultural exceptionalism (protectionism)1 has continued to be tolerated until its harmful consequences have become lucidly apparent by the mid-1980s in the forms of budgetary burdens, surplus production, and distortions i ...
External competitiveness of EU candidate countries - ECB
... have shifted exports towards more complex industrial goods (such as metal products and machinery), sectors which have also been growing faster globally. Several countries have not managed to “climb up the quality ladder” in this way, continuing to focus on export sectors marked by stagnant world tra ...
... have shifted exports towards more complex industrial goods (such as metal products and machinery), sectors which have also been growing faster globally. Several countries have not managed to “climb up the quality ladder” in this way, continuing to focus on export sectors marked by stagnant world tra ...
The TPP and WTO: A Win-win or Zero
... deal would harm the WTO’s efforts to consolidate a multilateral trading system. While acknowledging the collapse of the WTO negotiations over the Doha Round, he pointed out that many issues that hinder trade talks are inherently bilateral rather than multilateral. Thus, the TPP and other free trade ...
... deal would harm the WTO’s efforts to consolidate a multilateral trading system. While acknowledging the collapse of the WTO negotiations over the Doha Round, he pointed out that many issues that hinder trade talks are inherently bilateral rather than multilateral. Thus, the TPP and other free trade ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INEQUALITY, NONHOMOTHETIC PREFERENCES, AND TRADE: A GRAVITY APPROACH
... There is indeed some evidence that all goods do not have unit income elasticity of demand. In particular the papers by Hunter and Markusen (1988) and Hunter (1991) specifically test for nonhomotheticity of preferences by estimating linear incomeexpansion paths that have intercepts that are signific ...
... There is indeed some evidence that all goods do not have unit income elasticity of demand. In particular the papers by Hunter and Markusen (1988) and Hunter (1991) specifically test for nonhomotheticity of preferences by estimating linear incomeexpansion paths that have intercepts that are signific ...
After Washington Consensus
... that this is a departure from the Washington Consensus, which focused on policies rather than institutions. This policy would be placed in the row Institution Building as the result of the entry by the After the Washington Consensus. New Agenda IV: Income Distribution and the Social Sector: growth ...
... that this is a departure from the Washington Consensus, which focused on policies rather than institutions. This policy would be placed in the row Institution Building as the result of the entry by the After the Washington Consensus. New Agenda IV: Income Distribution and the Social Sector: growth ...
9772 economics
... examples that the candidate has covered during the course will be expected to be shown within answers. Analysis of how economic growth can affect standard of living in terms of how an increase in GDP can lead to an increase in GDP per head will be expected at the superficial level, with a much more ...
... examples that the candidate has covered during the course will be expected to be shown within answers. Analysis of how economic growth can affect standard of living in terms of how an increase in GDP can lead to an increase in GDP per head will be expected at the superficial level, with a much more ...