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article in press - Turkish Journal of Psychiatry
article in press - Turkish Journal of Psychiatry

... dystonic thoughts or images in fact paradoxically strengthens those thoughts even more (Wegner and Zanakos 1994). The critical role of emotions in the process from nonclinical thoughts to obsession has been identified in a simple way in a few studies. When unwanted thoughts are related with greater ...
Uptravi
Uptravi

... • No difference in mortality between groups • Addition of selexipag to baseline regimen of two meds gave benefits consistent with overall treatment effect • Similar efficacy regardless of dose range Sitbon O, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(26):2522-33. ...
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

...  Recognize that metabolism can occur in the intestines, liver or blood  Route of orally administered drugs:  Absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract  Then pass through the portal venous system to the liver where they are exposed to first pass effect, which may limit systemic circulation  Once in ...
Frequently Asked Questions on Use of
Frequently Asked Questions on Use of

... In general, the decision to use a drug during pregnancy is a clinical one based on a number of factors including the mother’s condition, the drug used, and the consequences of not treating the condition for both mother and foetus. The choice of agent to use in depression can also depend on whether t ...
Prolonged dexmedetomidine infusion to facilitate drug detoxification
Prolonged dexmedetomidine infusion to facilitate drug detoxification

... and withdrawal process itself and these patients are prone to develop delirium in ICU. Unfortunately the drugs of choice such as benzodiazepine and opioid are similar to ones that are abused. Once patient’s primary condition improved, smooth withdrawal of sedative-analgesic without psychomimetic sym ...
states consciousness PP
states consciousness PP

... and withdrawal symptoms – Drug Tolerance: Reduction in body’s response to a drug – Withdrawal Symptoms: Physical illness following withdrawal of the drug ...
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

this PDF file - International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine
this PDF file - International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine

... Background: : Acid peptic disease is the condition in which ther e is either excessive secr etion of acid and pepsin or a weakened stomach mucosal defence, which is responsible for damage to the delicate mucosa and the lining of the stomach, oesophagus and duodenum resulting in ulceration.Parinama s ...
Aging Q3 Med Use and Safety Lecture2 - 3.47 MB
Aging Q3 Med Use and Safety Lecture2 - 3.47 MB

... • Published 1991; revised in 1997, 2002, 2012 • Criteria covered 2 types of statements: – Medications that should generally be avoided because they are either ineffective or they pose a high risk – Medications that should not be used in older persons known to have specific medical conditions J Am Ge ...
Bioavailability
Bioavailability

... application), it first must enter the bloodstream and then be distributed to its site of action. To be effective, the drug must leave the vascular space and enter the intercellular or intracellular spaces or both.The rate at which a drug reaches its site of action depends on two rates: absorption an ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

Users` Guides to the Medical Literature
Users` Guides to the Medical Literature

... that correct or adjust for the imbalances. Even if investigators document the comparability of potentially confound¬ ing variables in exposed and nonexposed cohorts or use statistical techniques to adjust for differences, there may be an important imbalance in prognostic fac¬ tors that the investiga ...
Hepatitis C Treatment Criteria
Hepatitis C Treatment Criteria

... treatment and submitted with the authorization request. An attestation has been completed by both the provider AND patient. The care team should also ensure that the patient has evidence of health insurance coverage and evidence of a stable living arrangement for the duration of treatment. 4. Patien ...
Sodium Oxybate Reduces Fibromyalgia Pain and Fatigue
Sodium Oxybate Reduces Fibromyalgia Pain and Fatigue

... fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction are actually more prominent complaints in this population, so we know that fibromyalgia is much more than a pain disorder." The study underscores how the treatment of sleep problems, with a mechanism that isn't currently understood, can help reduce pain, he said. " ...
Long-term and high-dose piracetam treatment of Alzheimer`s
Long-term and high-dose piracetam treatment of Alzheimer`s

... significantly different from 0: MADRS and Aphasia Battery; Blessed A and Remote Memory; Aphasia Battery, Blessed A, and complex figure; Remote Memory, Blessed A, and Logical Digit Span; and Rey 3 and Rey 2. Overall, 90% of the possible correlations were not significantly different from 0, and of the ...
Benzodiazepines (Tranquillisers and their risk)
Benzodiazepines (Tranquillisers and their risk)

... lived (a few hours only). They are quite effective in reducing anxiety and have few side effects if only used short term at the lowest possible dose. Side effects can include drowsiness and slowing of mental and bodily movements. These effects are more pronounced in the elderly so extreme care must ...
Uppers, Downers, All Arounders, 7th Edition
Uppers, Downers, All Arounders, 7th Edition

... proven to be useful and cost-effective. Selective prevention at this level targets non-dependent drug users who have high risk for developing drug dependence such as those who received their first DUII citation or children of addicts. The lag between first use of a drug and the development of physic ...
Addiction - Web.unbc.ca Home Page
Addiction - Web.unbc.ca Home Page

... Bacon ...
Anxiety Disorders Drug Treatment Guidelines
Anxiety Disorders Drug Treatment Guidelines

... Severe agoraphobia is a negative prognostic factor. Medication should not be discontinued until avoidance behaviour has stopped, even if panic has remitted (EC). Adjunctive clonazepam on initiating SSRI treatment (paroxetine60 or sertraline61) may improve the time to therapeutic effect (II). CBT may ...
General Notices - Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission
General Notices - Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission

... stated, the average range of quantities which are generally regarded as suitable for adults when administered by mouth. They are not to be regarded as binding upon the prescribers. The medical practitioner will exercise his own judgment and act on his own responsibility in respect of the amount of a ...
kutki churna - International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and
kutki churna - International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and

... the concentration (deterioration) of the drug and hence the stability. Some Physico-Chemical tests were also performed to assess the stability of the concerned drug formulation. Churna (powder) preparations are widely and largely used in pharmacy as well as by practitioners of Ayurveda for According ...
Zopiclone/Eszopiclone
Zopiclone/Eszopiclone

... Zopiclone and eszopiclone are currently classified schedule IV under the Controlled Substance Act in the U.S. The potential for abuse and toxicity due to overdose has been observed for both drugs.Human urine and blood remain important matrix types for testing of drugs of abuse. These two drugs can b ...
Print this article - Medical Journal of Indonesia
Print this article - Medical Journal of Indonesia

... References ...
Chapter 10 Pharmacology
Chapter 10 Pharmacology

... belong to the same therapeutic class.  Binding occurs when a drug combines with a chemical in the body.  MOA operates on a “lock and key” principle. The drug is considered the key and the body chemical the lock. ...
Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion Telhyd 40 mg/12.5
Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion Telhyd 40 mg/12.5

... data for three small commercial scale batches per strength from the proposed production site have been provided, demonstrating compliance with the specification. Stability of drug product Stability data on the products have been provided for three smallest commercial scale batches stored at 25°C/60% ...
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Polysubstance dependence



A person with polysubstance dependence is psychologically addicted to being in an intoxicated state without a preference for one particular substance. Although any combination of three drugs can be used, studies have shown that alcohol is commonly used with another substance. This is supported by one study on polysubstance use that separated participants who used multiple substances into groups based on their preferred drug. The three substances were cocaine, alcohol, and heroin, which implies that those three are very popular. Other studies have found that opiates, cannabis, amphetamines, hallucinogens, inhalants and benzodiazepines are often used in combination as well. The results of a long-term or longitudinal study on substance use led the researchers to observe that excessively using or relying on one drug increased the probability of excessively using or relying on another drug.
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