Prescribing Information for BiDil
... In the V-HeFT I and II clinical studies, a total of 587 patients with heart failure were treated with the combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine hydrochloride. The type, pattern, frequency and severity of adverse reactions reported in these studies were similar to those reported in A-He ...
... In the V-HeFT I and II clinical studies, a total of 587 patients with heart failure were treated with the combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine hydrochloride. The type, pattern, frequency and severity of adverse reactions reported in these studies were similar to those reported in A-He ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... are employed for the treatment of the disease (Buenor et al 2013). Although these drugs are effective, they produce many adverse effect thus limiting their use in recent years. There has been a growing interest in plants with ethno medicinal values as alternative therapies in peptic ulcer. The activ ...
... are employed for the treatment of the disease (Buenor et al 2013). Although these drugs are effective, they produce many adverse effect thus limiting their use in recent years. There has been a growing interest in plants with ethno medicinal values as alternative therapies in peptic ulcer. The activ ...
Bisphosphonate treatment: An orthodontic concern calling for a proactive approach CLINICIAN’S CORNER
... Because these drugs are not affected by metabolism of the liver, there is no first-pass effect after oral absorption. After bisphosphonate is in the bloodstream, it quickly binds to the exposed hydroxyapatite in the osseous matrix, and the excess drug leaves the body through the kidneys. Generally, ...
... Because these drugs are not affected by metabolism of the liver, there is no first-pass effect after oral absorption. After bisphosphonate is in the bloodstream, it quickly binds to the exposed hydroxyapatite in the osseous matrix, and the excess drug leaves the body through the kidneys. Generally, ...
Atarax™
... and has a high affinity for histaminic receptors into the brain, thereby producing sedativeanxiolytic effects. ...
... and has a high affinity for histaminic receptors into the brain, thereby producing sedativeanxiolytic effects. ...
5 Hypertension PREP
... associated with high BP readings in childhood that may persist into adulthood. (8) Feig and Johnson, in a study of 125 children, observed a strong relationship between serum uric acid concentrations and essential hypertension. (9) Interestingly, a serum uric acid value higher than 5.5 mg/dL (0.33 mm ...
... associated with high BP readings in childhood that may persist into adulthood. (8) Feig and Johnson, in a study of 125 children, observed a strong relationship between serum uric acid concentrations and essential hypertension. (9) Interestingly, a serum uric acid value higher than 5.5 mg/dL (0.33 mm ...
FDA Approved Labeling 12.19.08 3pm NovaDel Pharma Inc.
... A variety of abnormal thinking and behavioral changes have been reported to occur in association with the use of sedative-hypnotics. Some of these changes may be characterized by decreased inhibition (e.g., aggressiveness and extroversion that seemed out of character), similar to effects produced by ...
... A variety of abnormal thinking and behavioral changes have been reported to occur in association with the use of sedative-hypnotics. Some of these changes may be characterized by decreased inhibition (e.g., aggressiveness and extroversion that seemed out of character), similar to effects produced by ...
Commonly Prescribed Psychiatric Medications
... Usual dose: 75 mg orally per day in divided doses; A tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), less commonly used these days as an antidepressant or to treat psychiatric conditions may be increased to a maximum of 150 mg/day (considered a first line treatment option for neuropathic pain) ...
... Usual dose: 75 mg orally per day in divided doses; A tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), less commonly used these days as an antidepressant or to treat psychiatric conditions may be increased to a maximum of 150 mg/day (considered a first line treatment option for neuropathic pain) ...
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of Nardostachys jatamansi
... inflammation (cotton pellet granuloma), there by indicating the possibility of developing N. jatamansi rhizome as the cheaper, safer and potent anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent. Carrageenan is the phlogistic agent of choice for testing anti-inflammatory drugs as it is not known to be antigenic an ...
... inflammation (cotton pellet granuloma), there by indicating the possibility of developing N. jatamansi rhizome as the cheaper, safer and potent anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent. Carrageenan is the phlogistic agent of choice for testing anti-inflammatory drugs as it is not known to be antigenic an ...
Grapefruit Interactions
... There is one other type of fruit that does interact like grapefruit. Seville oranges, used primarily for making marmalade, are quite bitter. They too can affect the same enzyme as grapefruit and would interact in a similar manner. Do I have to give up grapefruit completely if it interacts with my me ...
... There is one other type of fruit that does interact like grapefruit. Seville oranges, used primarily for making marmalade, are quite bitter. They too can affect the same enzyme as grapefruit and would interact in a similar manner. Do I have to give up grapefruit completely if it interacts with my me ...
Public Assessment Report Mutual Recognition Procedure DALSAN
... years. Citalopram has been marketed in EU since 1989 (Denmark), it has a well establwashed medicinal use, with recognized efficacy and acceptable level of safety. The originator's (H. Lundbeck's) citalopram product has been authorised and marketed under different brand names in different member stat ...
... years. Citalopram has been marketed in EU since 1989 (Denmark), it has a well establwashed medicinal use, with recognized efficacy and acceptable level of safety. The originator's (H. Lundbeck's) citalopram product has been authorised and marketed under different brand names in different member stat ...
GYNO-DAKTARIN™ Janssen Pharma
... dose. A second dose administered 48 hours later resulted in a plasma profile similar to that of the first dose. Distribution: Absorbed miconazole is bound to plasma proteins (88.2%) and red blood cells (10.6%). Metabolism and Excretion: The small amount of miconazole that is absorbed is eliminated ...
... dose. A second dose administered 48 hours later resulted in a plasma profile similar to that of the first dose. Distribution: Absorbed miconazole is bound to plasma proteins (88.2%) and red blood cells (10.6%). Metabolism and Excretion: The small amount of miconazole that is absorbed is eliminated ...
Methamphetamine Contamination on Environmental Surfaces
... methamphetamine laboratories. A single cook using the red phosphorous method of manufacture may produce residual surface contamination of methamphetamine ranging from 1.5 ug/100 cm2 to as high as 860 ug/100 cm2. A single cook using the anhydrous ammonia method of production may result in surface are ...
... methamphetamine laboratories. A single cook using the red phosphorous method of manufacture may produce residual surface contamination of methamphetamine ranging from 1.5 ug/100 cm2 to as high as 860 ug/100 cm2. A single cook using the anhydrous ammonia method of production may result in surface are ...
QA_18_6_AmlodipinevsfelodipineAUG_15_FINAL
... Results from several large comparative studies suggest that amlodipine has greater efficacy as an antihypertensive when compared with felodipine m/r. However, some smaller studies found them to have similar antihypertensive efficacy. It has been suggested that if patients are intermittently complian ...
... Results from several large comparative studies suggest that amlodipine has greater efficacy as an antihypertensive when compared with felodipine m/r. However, some smaller studies found them to have similar antihypertensive efficacy. It has been suggested that if patients are intermittently complian ...
Vancomycin Injection, USPFor Intravenous Use Only
... of complete inhibition (as judged by the unaided eye), including the diameter of the disk. The zone margin should be considered the area showing no obvious, visible growth that can be detected with the unaided eye. Ignore faint growth of tiny colonies that can be detected only with a magnifying lens ...
... of complete inhibition (as judged by the unaided eye), including the diameter of the disk. The zone margin should be considered the area showing no obvious, visible growth that can be detected with the unaided eye. Ignore faint growth of tiny colonies that can be detected only with a magnifying lens ...
Schisandra chinensis - Australian Natural Therapists Association
... (GSH) recorded (Ip, Ma, Che & Ko, 1997:317). Researches found that pretreatment with schisandrin B and C completely prevented CCI4 hepatotoxicity evident by significant decreases in plasma ALT activity increases in the hepatic mitochondrial GSH levels and glutathione reductase activity. On the contr ...
... (GSH) recorded (Ip, Ma, Che & Ko, 1997:317). Researches found that pretreatment with schisandrin B and C completely prevented CCI4 hepatotoxicity evident by significant decreases in plasma ALT activity increases in the hepatic mitochondrial GSH levels and glutathione reductase activity. On the contr ...
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.43 No.6
... 21.50 DC), and those having manifest ocular and vergence-accommodation abnormalities were excluded from this study. All subjects had a corrected distant visual acuity of 6/6 or better. Human ethics approval was granted by the University, and signed informed consent was obtained from each subject bef ...
... 21.50 DC), and those having manifest ocular and vergence-accommodation abnormalities were excluded from this study. All subjects had a corrected distant visual acuity of 6/6 or better. Human ethics approval was granted by the University, and signed informed consent was obtained from each subject bef ...
International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical
... Coating is one of the most efficient and commonly used challenges of coating imperfections, which otherwise lead to taste masking technologies. In this approach, powders as decline in the taste masking performance, especially for the fine as 50 mm are fluidized in an expansion chamber by aggressivel ...
... Coating is one of the most efficient and commonly used challenges of coating imperfections, which otherwise lead to taste masking technologies. In this approach, powders as decline in the taste masking performance, especially for the fine as 50 mm are fluidized in an expansion chamber by aggressivel ...
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CHEWABLE TABLET OF
... medium. The samples were assayed spectrophotometrically at 309 nm for the dissolved drug, where samples were automatically filtered before measuring the absorbance against 0.1 N HCl as blank. The amount of Albendazole released was calculated from the standard graph. ...
... medium. The samples were assayed spectrophotometrically at 309 nm for the dissolved drug, where samples were automatically filtered before measuring the absorbance against 0.1 N HCl as blank. The amount of Albendazole released was calculated from the standard graph. ...
oxycodone/naloxone controlled release
... trials were of 12 weeks duration. Bowel function was the primary outcome investigated in two trials, while occurrence of pain events was the primary outcome in the third trial. No significant differences between oxycodone/naloxone CR and OxyContin® were reported in any of the trials in mean daily ox ...
... trials were of 12 weeks duration. Bowel function was the primary outcome investigated in two trials, while occurrence of pain events was the primary outcome in the third trial. No significant differences between oxycodone/naloxone CR and OxyContin® were reported in any of the trials in mean daily ox ...
Ciprol
... and 9. Crystals of ciprofloxacin have been observed in the urine of laboratory animals given high doses of the drug, but also in some patients receiving standard therapeutic doses. Crystalluria seems to occur under alkaline conditions of the urine and is less likely in non-vegetarians who usually ha ...
... and 9. Crystals of ciprofloxacin have been observed in the urine of laboratory animals given high doses of the drug, but also in some patients receiving standard therapeutic doses. Crystalluria seems to occur under alkaline conditions of the urine and is less likely in non-vegetarians who usually ha ...
Renerve G
... For anuric patients undergoing haemodialysis who have never received gabapentin, a loading dose of 300 to 400 mg, then 200 to 300 mg of gabapentin following each 4 hours of haemodialysis, is recommended. On dialysis-free days, there should be no treatment with gabapentin. For renally impaired patien ...
... For anuric patients undergoing haemodialysis who have never received gabapentin, a loading dose of 300 to 400 mg, then 200 to 300 mg of gabapentin following each 4 hours of haemodialysis, is recommended. On dialysis-free days, there should be no treatment with gabapentin. For renally impaired patien ...
paracetamol: mechanism of action, applications and safety concern
... In numerous academic textbooks including those published during the last decade, the central mechanism of paracetamol action has been discussed emphasizing its weaker inhibitory effect on the cyclooxygenase activity and prostaglandin production as compared to NSAIDs. The early study by Flower and Va ...
... In numerous academic textbooks including those published during the last decade, the central mechanism of paracetamol action has been discussed emphasizing its weaker inhibitory effect on the cyclooxygenase activity and prostaglandin production as compared to NSAIDs. The early study by Flower and Va ...
β-Blocker Ingestion: An Evidence-Based Consensus
... different referral and management recommendations depending on the combined toxicities of the substances. This guideline is based on an assessment of current scientific and clinical information. The expert consensus panel recognizes that specific patient care decisions may be at variance with this g ...
... different referral and management recommendations depending on the combined toxicities of the substances. This guideline is based on an assessment of current scientific and clinical information. The expert consensus panel recognizes that specific patient care decisions may be at variance with this g ...
The FDA’s Continuing Incapacity on Livestock Antibiotics *
... antibiotics in food animals. We should all hope they succeed. As I explain here, however, the initiatives leave much to be desired, for four basic reasons. First, the success of the FDA’s policy on “judicious use” depends on multiple layers of voluntary action by profit-maximizing drug companies. Al ...
... antibiotics in food animals. We should all hope they succeed. As I explain here, however, the initiatives leave much to be desired, for four basic reasons. First, the success of the FDA’s policy on “judicious use” depends on multiple layers of voluntary action by profit-maximizing drug companies. Al ...
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK (from Ancient Greek pharmakon ""drug"" and kinetikos ""moving, putting in motion""; see chemical kinetics), is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins. It attempts to discover the fate of a drug from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. Pharmacokinetics is often studied in conjunction with pharmacodynamics, the study of a drug's pharmacological effect on the body.A number of different models have been developed in order to simplify conceptualization of the many processes that take place in the interaction between an organism and a drug. One of these models, the multi-compartment model, gives the best approximation to reality; however, the complexity involved in using this type of model means that monocompartmental models and above all two compartmental models are the most-frequently used. The various compartments that the model is divided into are commonly referred to as the ADME scheme (also referred to as LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption): Liberation - the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. See also IVIVC. Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites. Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.The two phases of metabolism and excretion can also be grouped together under the title elimination.The study of these distinct phases involves the use and manipulation of basic concepts in order to understand the process dynamics. For this reason in order to fully comprehend the kinetics of a drug it is necessary to have detailed knowledge of a number of factors such as: the properties of the substances that act as excipients, the characteristics of the appropriate biological membranes and the way that substances can cross them, or the characteristics of the enzyme reactions that inactivate the drug.All these concepts can be represented through mathematical formulas that have a corresponding graphical representation. The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics. Such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribution in the organism.The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine.