Economic Consequences of Drug Abuse in Sri Lanka
... This study also focused about the sample characteristics. According to the sample observations, 90% of drug dependents have education level below or up to ordinary level. Secondary data obtained from the Hand Book of Drug Abuse Information 2008-2013, shows the same results as the sample observations ...
... This study also focused about the sample characteristics. According to the sample observations, 90% of drug dependents have education level below or up to ordinary level. Secondary data obtained from the Hand Book of Drug Abuse Information 2008-2013, shows the same results as the sample observations ...
Recreational Drugs And Anti-HIV Medication
... faster: it is not clear what this means for users. Ecstasy & Speed It is difficult to predict interactions of these drugs with protease inhibitors, as they are themselves a cocktail and the formulas can vary. Ecstasy is metabolised (processed) in the liver using a pathway that is partially blocked b ...
... faster: it is not clear what this means for users. Ecstasy & Speed It is difficult to predict interactions of these drugs with protease inhibitors, as they are themselves a cocktail and the formulas can vary. Ecstasy is metabolised (processed) in the liver using a pathway that is partially blocked b ...
Pharmacology for Nursing Care
... 1.13 The client comes to the emergency department with a myocardial infarction. The client’s husband tells the nurse that his wife has been taking calcium carbonate (Tums) for years for what she thought was indigestion. What is the best response by the nurse? 1. “Why did you let her do that? She sho ...
... 1.13 The client comes to the emergency department with a myocardial infarction. The client’s husband tells the nurse that his wife has been taking calcium carbonate (Tums) for years for what she thought was indigestion. What is the best response by the nurse? 1. “Why did you let her do that? She sho ...
DONNATAL® TABLETS
... can occur with belladonna alkaloids (fever and heatstroke due to decreased sweating). Diarrhea may be an early symptom of incomplete intestinal obstruction, especially in patients with ileostomy or colostomy. In this instance, treatment with this drug would be inappropriate and possibly harmful. Don ...
... can occur with belladonna alkaloids (fever and heatstroke due to decreased sweating). Diarrhea may be an early symptom of incomplete intestinal obstruction, especially in patients with ileostomy or colostomy. In this instance, treatment with this drug would be inappropriate and possibly harmful. Don ...
M.Pharm. Dissertation protocol
... The present work is aimed to design and evaluate the stavudine gellan gum microbeads by ionotropic gelation technique as a sustained release system. It is widely used as a antiviral agent. The drug is practically soluble in water. Hence, the main aim of the present study is to develop a sustained dr ...
... The present work is aimed to design and evaluate the stavudine gellan gum microbeads by ionotropic gelation technique as a sustained release system. It is widely used as a antiviral agent. The drug is practically soluble in water. Hence, the main aim of the present study is to develop a sustained dr ...
Isentress® (raltegravir)
... new copies of HIV are mutations: they are slightly different from the original virus. Some mutations can continue to multiply even when you are taking an antiviral drug. When this happens, the drug will stop working. This is called "developing resistance" to the drug. See Fact Sheet 126 for more inf ...
... new copies of HIV are mutations: they are slightly different from the original virus. Some mutations can continue to multiply even when you are taking an antiviral drug. When this happens, the drug will stop working. This is called "developing resistance" to the drug. See Fact Sheet 126 for more inf ...
1 Scope and Impact of Financial Conflicts of
... entrepreneurialism, further blurring the lines between academic and commercial values.” The overall compliance of academic institutions and peer-reviewed journals to avoid conflicts of interest with drug companies appears to be poor. For-profit contract research organizations now consume more than 6 ...
... entrepreneurialism, further blurring the lines between academic and commercial values.” The overall compliance of academic institutions and peer-reviewed journals to avoid conflicts of interest with drug companies appears to be poor. For-profit contract research organizations now consume more than 6 ...
Full Text Article
... ACTION: - Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of the H+/K+ ATPase in the gastric parietal cells. INTERACTION: - May interfere with the elimination of other drugs metabolized by cyp2c19. Changes in gastric pH can affect the bio-availab ...
... ACTION: - Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of the H+/K+ ATPase in the gastric parietal cells. INTERACTION: - May interfere with the elimination of other drugs metabolized by cyp2c19. Changes in gastric pH can affect the bio-availab ...
herbal nebulizer
... Decoction Method: First of all of prepare decoction as per need or as described in classics. The extract was filtered and the remaining mixture was again mixed with 16 times of water and boiled to obtain one fourth of decoction. The procedure was repeated till the mixture was totally exhausted. The ...
... Decoction Method: First of all of prepare decoction as per need or as described in classics. The extract was filtered and the remaining mixture was again mixed with 16 times of water and boiled to obtain one fourth of decoction. The procedure was repeated till the mixture was totally exhausted. The ...
Using the BNF
... Appendix 3: Renal Impairment • The basic principles: • Reduced renal function can cause problems with certain drugs: • Toxicity • increased sensitivity • poorly tolerated side effects • reduced therapeutic effect • Some of these problems can be avoided by reducing the dose or using an alternative d ...
... Appendix 3: Renal Impairment • The basic principles: • Reduced renal function can cause problems with certain drugs: • Toxicity • increased sensitivity • poorly tolerated side effects • reduced therapeutic effect • Some of these problems can be avoided by reducing the dose or using an alternative d ...
Enrofloxacin is a synthetic, broad spectrum antimicrobial substance
... Normal sterile precautions should be taken. The safety of the product has not been established in calves when administered by the intravenous route and use of this route of administration in calves is therefore not recommended. Official and local antimicrobial policies should be taken into account w ...
... Normal sterile precautions should be taken. The safety of the product has not been established in calves when administered by the intravenous route and use of this route of administration in calves is therefore not recommended. Official and local antimicrobial policies should be taken into account w ...
Menopause Drugs Menopause: permanent cessation of menses
... Indicated for women who have NOT undergone a hysterectomy Other Indications: Contraception Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Note: NOT used in cases with hysterectomy since progesterone is used to balance uterine hyperplasia and decrease cancer risk with estrogen use ...
... Indicated for women who have NOT undergone a hysterectomy Other Indications: Contraception Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Note: NOT used in cases with hysterectomy since progesterone is used to balance uterine hyperplasia and decrease cancer risk with estrogen use ...
Diazepam - ACuteTox
... Distribution: diazepam is a highly lipophilic compound which is rapidly distributed to highly perfused organs, such as brain, liver and spleen. The mean plasma half-life is 30 h, with a range of 20-100 h. It has two distinct phases: an initial rapid distribution phase, lasting 7 to 10 hr, and a subs ...
... Distribution: diazepam is a highly lipophilic compound which is rapidly distributed to highly perfused organs, such as brain, liver and spleen. The mean plasma half-life is 30 h, with a range of 20-100 h. It has two distinct phases: an initial rapid distribution phase, lasting 7 to 10 hr, and a subs ...
Recruitment
... Harm reduction movement: Locates the problem in the relationship between the person and the substance (drug, set, and setting), which may change over time ...
... Harm reduction movement: Locates the problem in the relationship between the person and the substance (drug, set, and setting), which may change over time ...
Study of identification and assessment of drug
... for the synthesis and degradation of these neurotransmitters, different uptake pumps and storage mechanisms. These regulatory proteins can be the target for drug action. Thus, current drugs may interact pharmacodynamically in ways that are neither understood nor predictable at the present time. 32 T ...
... for the synthesis and degradation of these neurotransmitters, different uptake pumps and storage mechanisms. These regulatory proteins can be the target for drug action. Thus, current drugs may interact pharmacodynamically in ways that are neither understood nor predictable at the present time. 32 T ...
Gastroretentive - University of Jordan
... • Controlled release (CR) dosage forms have been extensively used to improve therapy of many important medications. However, in the case of NAW drugs this pharmaceutical approach cannot be utilized since it requires sufficient colonic absorption of the drug (which is, by definition, not the case for ...
... • Controlled release (CR) dosage forms have been extensively used to improve therapy of many important medications. However, in the case of NAW drugs this pharmaceutical approach cannot be utilized since it requires sufficient colonic absorption of the drug (which is, by definition, not the case for ...
Oscar-Della-Pasqua-P..
... per group and dose level) for paediatric patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Lines indicate 50% and more than 95% efficacy. (B) Patient fraction with 50% and more than 95% probability of arrhythmia suppression. Arrows indicate start and target doses. ...
... per group and dose level) for paediatric patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Lines indicate 50% and more than 95% efficacy. (B) Patient fraction with 50% and more than 95% probability of arrhythmia suppression. Arrows indicate start and target doses. ...
A novel mechanism for oral controlled release of drugs by
... • Controlled release (CR) dosage forms have been extensively used to improve therapy of many important medications. However, in the case of NAW drugs this pharmaceutical approach cannot be utilized since it requires sufficient colonic absorption of the drug (which is, by definition, not the case for ...
... • Controlled release (CR) dosage forms have been extensively used to improve therapy of many important medications. However, in the case of NAW drugs this pharmaceutical approach cannot be utilized since it requires sufficient colonic absorption of the drug (which is, by definition, not the case for ...
Highlights of FDA Activities - College of Pharmacy
... An area-adjusted dose of 2 mg per square centimeter should be injected into the subcutaneous fat tissue in the submental area; a single treatment consists of 0.2 mL subcutaneous injections spaced roughly 1 centimeter apart in all planned treatment areas. Up to 50 injections (10 mL) may be used in a ...
... An area-adjusted dose of 2 mg per square centimeter should be injected into the subcutaneous fat tissue in the submental area; a single treatment consists of 0.2 mL subcutaneous injections spaced roughly 1 centimeter apart in all planned treatment areas. Up to 50 injections (10 mL) may be used in a ...
Subsequent Entry Biologics (SEBs) – Canada*
... “Hatch-Waxman” Canadian Style • Broad “Bolar” exemption • It is not an infringement of a patent for any person to make, construct, use or sell the patented invention solely for uses reasonably related to the development and submission of information required under any law of Canada, a province or a ...
... “Hatch-Waxman” Canadian Style • Broad “Bolar” exemption • It is not an infringement of a patent for any person to make, construct, use or sell the patented invention solely for uses reasonably related to the development and submission of information required under any law of Canada, a province or a ...
... “know” where to go? • ABSORPTION—rate at which drug is made available in body/fluids/tissues • DISTRIBUTION—way in which drug is passed throughout the body • METABOLISM—transformation of a drug into its ‘active’ state and then rendered inactive • EXCRETION—removed from body (urine/sweat/bile) ...
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK (from Ancient Greek pharmakon ""drug"" and kinetikos ""moving, putting in motion""; see chemical kinetics), is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins. It attempts to discover the fate of a drug from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. Pharmacokinetics is often studied in conjunction with pharmacodynamics, the study of a drug's pharmacological effect on the body.A number of different models have been developed in order to simplify conceptualization of the many processes that take place in the interaction between an organism and a drug. One of these models, the multi-compartment model, gives the best approximation to reality; however, the complexity involved in using this type of model means that monocompartmental models and above all two compartmental models are the most-frequently used. The various compartments that the model is divided into are commonly referred to as the ADME scheme (also referred to as LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption): Liberation - the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. See also IVIVC. Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites. Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.The two phases of metabolism and excretion can also be grouped together under the title elimination.The study of these distinct phases involves the use and manipulation of basic concepts in order to understand the process dynamics. For this reason in order to fully comprehend the kinetics of a drug it is necessary to have detailed knowledge of a number of factors such as: the properties of the substances that act as excipients, the characteristics of the appropriate biological membranes and the way that substances can cross them, or the characteristics of the enzyme reactions that inactivate the drug.All these concepts can be represented through mathematical formulas that have a corresponding graphical representation. The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics. Such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribution in the organism.The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine.