• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Oncodesign® presents its latest scientific advances at the AACR
Oncodesign® presents its latest scientific advances at the AACR

... Oncodesign Biotechnology's prime goal since its conception has been the identification of novel anticancer therapies. The company has developed an innovative preclinical research platform dedicated to establishing the in vitro and in vivo proof of concept of potential therapeutic agents. Its pharmac ...
SW_QA167_6Dosing_in_renal_impairmentFINAL
SW_QA167_6Dosing_in_renal_impairmentFINAL

... may increase serum concentrations of the parent drug and consequent toxicity if the drug is metabolised to inactive metabolites (2). Many drugs and/or their phase I metabolites are eliminated by glucuronidation and the glucuronides are excreted by renal mechanisms. Therefore in patients with RI, glu ...
Cardiovascular drugs: some important interaction
Cardiovascular drugs: some important interaction

... • There are also some important pharmacokinetic interactions involving NSAIDs, but: • NSAIDs generally have little effect on hepatic clearance of other drugs • Pyrazole NSAIDs: phenylbutazone and azapropazone inhibit the metabolism of warfarin, tolbutamide and phenytoin ...
THE SLOW DEATH OF LETHAL INJECTION
THE SLOW DEATH OF LETHAL INJECTION

... and induce paralysis. It was under increasing legal challenge, as opponents argued that if thiopental failed to induce anaesthesia, pancuronium would cause great suffering but prevent the prisoner from showing it. The UK and several other European countries ban its export to the US Potassium chlorid ...
1 Evaluation of Dual-Activity Opioid
1 Evaluation of Dual-Activity Opioid

... cross the blood brain barrier, which makes them unfit to be converted into drugs fit for clinical use. Intravenous or intraperitoneal injection routes can be used but, oral administration would be the best option for therapeutic use. With this goal in mind, we are met with the task of having the dru ...
Drugs and Tox
Drugs and Tox

... d. nothing as this is a normal state ...
predict - Vanderbilt University Medical Center
predict - Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Phenytoin
Phenytoin

M.Sc.(PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY) PART
M.Sc.(PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY) PART

... Processing of tablets: Advantages and disadvantages of tablets, types of tablets. Granulation- dry, wet and direct compression. Basic characteristics and properties of excipients used in different types of granulation processes. Various additives used in tablet formulations. Compression of tablet- c ...
“Ice” (crystal methamphetamine): concerns and responses
“Ice” (crystal methamphetamine): concerns and responses

... People who use methamphetamine come into contact with the general health care system for a number of reasons, ranging from problems directly related to use (eg, insomnia, acute mental health problems) to complications of use (eg, injuries, infections and cardiovascular problems), some of which may b ...
Psychology - Cloudfront.net
Psychology - Cloudfront.net

... • Theory that during hypnosis our consciousness splits so that one aspect of consciousness is not aware of the role that ...
Clinical Rx Forum Volume 3 Issue 2
Clinical Rx Forum Volume 3 Issue 2

... Use with mTOR Inhibitors Allowed? Both sirolimus and everolimus are category X drug interactions with voriconazole and posaconazole.3 Although these are considered contraindicated drug combinations, there may be clinical scenarios requiring concomitant use. Case reports provide guidance on the succ ...
Liquid Handcuffs”: the bio-politics of methadone
Liquid Handcuffs”: the bio-politics of methadone

... • By increasing the accessibility of methadone treatment services, and thereby effectively bringing a larger segment of the opiate using population under the surveillance of state and medical institutions, the policy shifts in 1996 clearly represent “a matter of taking control of life and the biolog ...
if d c fly
if d c fly

... mitigate, treatj or cure diseases. These claims suggest that these products are intend~ for other than food use within the meaning of section 201(g) of the act and that they are subjeet to regulation under the drugprovisions of the act. Furthermore, it appears that these products are intended for dr ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... Patient was investigated, her UPT was negative, Hb 7 gm%, B Positive, Ultrasound revealed bulky uterus with 8 x 4 cm hyperechoic area with increased AV channels within it. Endometrium was not separately made out as seen in fig 1. MRI revealed large enhancing tissue/mass seen in endometrial cavity. D ...


... This petition concerns a change in dosage form from an oral tablet to an orally dissolving strip . The RLD upon which this petition is based is Imodium A-D (Loperamide Hydrochloride) oral tablet [caplet], 2 mg. Imodium A-D was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on November 22, 1989, ...
Drug Development Models in China and the
Drug Development Models in China and the

Effect of Gender on Drug Interactions: Metoprolol
Effect of Gender on Drug Interactions: Metoprolol

... have looked at the differences in pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of drugs in men and women. In many cases, gender differences have been found. One obvious reason for these differences is that women tend to have lower body weight than men. Adults are often given the same dose of drug regard ...
Suitable dosage forms for paediatric medicine
Suitable dosage forms for paediatric medicine

...  Virus, Orphan diseases: Solutions for injection or oral route as simple as possible…..  Ocular systematic control at birth: ocular insert ...
Chemical Dependency - Health Care Association of New Jersey
Chemical Dependency - Health Care Association of New Jersey

... • GBL itself is often abused and produces the same effects as GHB • GBL and another chemical cousin, 1,4 butanediol (1,4BD), convert to GHB in the body • Recipes for GHB can be easily found on the internet • Some GHB users brew the drug in bathtubs at home ...
Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

... • An alcohol/drug-specific integrative model of youth substance involvement because it considers multiple system levels of potential influence on youth substance use as well as processes through which these systems interact over time in the context of development ...
Value of low dose combination treatment with blood pressure
Value of low dose combination treatment with blood pressure

... dose. The drugs reduced blood pressure from all pretreatment levels, more so from higher levels; for a 10 mm Hg higher blood pressure the reduction was 1.0 mm Hg systolic and 1.1 mm Hg diastolic greater. The blood pressure lowering effects of different categories of drugs were additive. Symptoms att ...
Recovery Room Critical Thinking Handout File
Recovery Room Critical Thinking Handout File

...  Now you have 80mg of drug in 4cc of solution. (This would be OK if it’s an IV med – and it would be easier to be accurate)  You can verify this: 80mg : 4ml 50mg : xml 50 x 4 = 200 and 200  80 = 2.5ml  Always ensure that the dose “makes sense”. In this case you want to give an amount that is jus ...
Consciousness Day 2
Consciousness Day 2

... experiences vary depending on the culture you are in.  Often people act how they think they should act when on a certain drug.  Ex: Alcohol belief studies. ...
pharmacokinetics
pharmacokinetics

...  Most drugs undergo metabolism  Metabolism can occur before the drug reaches the blood as well as after it enters the main circulation (“presystemic” versus “systemic” metabolism)  Hepatic (liver) metabolism – most important site - Wide variety and high activity of metabolic enzymes - Receives up ...
< 1 ... 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 ... 584 >

Pharmacokinetics



Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK (from Ancient Greek pharmakon ""drug"" and kinetikos ""moving, putting in motion""; see chemical kinetics), is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins. It attempts to discover the fate of a drug from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. Pharmacokinetics is often studied in conjunction with pharmacodynamics, the study of a drug's pharmacological effect on the body.A number of different models have been developed in order to simplify conceptualization of the many processes that take place in the interaction between an organism and a drug. One of these models, the multi-compartment model, gives the best approximation to reality; however, the complexity involved in using this type of model means that monocompartmental models and above all two compartmental models are the most-frequently used. The various compartments that the model is divided into are commonly referred to as the ADME scheme (also referred to as LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption): Liberation - the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. See also IVIVC. Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites. Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.The two phases of metabolism and excretion can also be grouped together under the title elimination.The study of these distinct phases involves the use and manipulation of basic concepts in order to understand the process dynamics. For this reason in order to fully comprehend the kinetics of a drug it is necessary to have detailed knowledge of a number of factors such as: the properties of the substances that act as excipients, the characteristics of the appropriate biological membranes and the way that substances can cross them, or the characteristics of the enzyme reactions that inactivate the drug.All these concepts can be represented through mathematical formulas that have a corresponding graphical representation. The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics. Such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribution in the organism.The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report