Epilepsy - Back to Medical School
... A person is said to have ‘epilepsy’ when they have exhibited a tendency to have recurring seizures It is not a single disease Manifest by underlying brain dysfunction from many known or unknown causes Single seizures should not be diagnosed as epilepsy A patient could be said to have ‘one ...
... A person is said to have ‘epilepsy’ when they have exhibited a tendency to have recurring seizures It is not a single disease Manifest by underlying brain dysfunction from many known or unknown causes Single seizures should not be diagnosed as epilepsy A patient could be said to have ‘one ...
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... accidentally breathing in the poison. When they are intentionally inhaled in order to experience a “high,” they are known as inhalants, and can cause serious harm to the whole body. Abuse of certain inhalants may result in irreversible effects, including ...
... accidentally breathing in the poison. When they are intentionally inhaled in order to experience a “high,” they are known as inhalants, and can cause serious harm to the whole body. Abuse of certain inhalants may result in irreversible effects, including ...
PDF (Injection of synthetic cathinones)
... Synthetic cathinones first appeared on the European illicit drug market in 2005. These substances have effects similar to known stimulant drugs and are structurally related to cathinone, which is found in the Khat plant (Catha edulis). Mephedrone is the synthetic cathinone that has received particul ...
... Synthetic cathinones first appeared on the European illicit drug market in 2005. These substances have effects similar to known stimulant drugs and are structurally related to cathinone, which is found in the Khat plant (Catha edulis). Mephedrone is the synthetic cathinone that has received particul ...
2003 Colloquium Poster
... structures, and suggested therapeutic ranges of 5 to 30 µg/mL and 2 to 10 µg/mL, respectively. Immunoassays are not currently available to support TDM of these anticonvulsant drugs. Here we describe a simple, rapid assay for the simultaneous monitoring of levetiracetam and gabapentin in plasma by UP ...
... structures, and suggested therapeutic ranges of 5 to 30 µg/mL and 2 to 10 µg/mL, respectively. Immunoassays are not currently available to support TDM of these anticonvulsant drugs. Here we describe a simple, rapid assay for the simultaneous monitoring of levetiracetam and gabapentin in plasma by UP ...
rencana program dan kegiatan pembelajaran
... Drug and Therapeutics Committee Overview Developing Drug Policies The DTC is responsible for developing drug policies in the health care organization. These policies are necessary to adequately control important aspects of drug selection, purchase, distribution, use, and administration. The DTC is t ...
... Drug and Therapeutics Committee Overview Developing Drug Policies The DTC is responsible for developing drug policies in the health care organization. These policies are necessary to adequately control important aspects of drug selection, purchase, distribution, use, and administration. The DTC is t ...
Cook-Waite Carbocaine Prescribing Information
... VASOCONSTRICTOR. If sedatives are employed to reduce patient apprehension, use reduced doses, since local anesthetic agents, like sedatives, are central nervous system depressants which in combination may have an additive effect. Young children should be given minimal doses of each agent. Changes in ...
... VASOCONSTRICTOR. If sedatives are employed to reduce patient apprehension, use reduced doses, since local anesthetic agents, like sedatives, are central nervous system depressants which in combination may have an additive effect. Young children should be given minimal doses of each agent. Changes in ...
The Rational Use of Drugs - Part 4
... When the assumption of linearity does not hold, the EC50 no longer approximates the KD. For example, the EC50 will be much smaller than the KD when “spare receptors” are present. A tissue is said to express “spare receptors” when only a small fraction of the receptor population must be occupied by d ...
... When the assumption of linearity does not hold, the EC50 no longer approximates the KD. For example, the EC50 will be much smaller than the KD when “spare receptors” are present. A tissue is said to express “spare receptors” when only a small fraction of the receptor population must be occupied by d ...
the laboratory`s role in opioid pain medication monitoring
... sufficient pain control have been reported between 60 and 1800 mg/day and blood concentrations of morphine in the same group of chronic pain patients have been reported between 16 and 2837 ng/mL (7), (8). The reported daily doses agree with previous reports and can be explained by the development of t ...
... sufficient pain control have been reported between 60 and 1800 mg/day and blood concentrations of morphine in the same group of chronic pain patients have been reported between 16 and 2837 ng/mL (7), (8). The reported daily doses agree with previous reports and can be explained by the development of t ...
Dangerous abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols
... During 2004 the Medication Variance Oversight Team and Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee reviewed a list of dangerous abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols. The Medical Executive Committee subsequently approved the list. JCAHO has changed the required “Do Not Use” list, and the upper table is SMC’s O ...
... During 2004 the Medication Variance Oversight Team and Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee reviewed a list of dangerous abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols. The Medical Executive Committee subsequently approved the list. JCAHO has changed the required “Do Not Use” list, and the upper table is SMC’s O ...
Effects and Risks Associated with Novel Psychoactive Substances
... (NPS) in Europe has reached a historic peak. In the European Union’s early warning system, 41 such substances were reported to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) in 2010, 49 in 2011, and 73 in 2012 (1). The more common types were synthetic cannabinoids (39.3%), synt ...
... (NPS) in Europe has reached a historic peak. In the European Union’s early warning system, 41 such substances were reported to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) in 2010, 49 in 2011, and 73 in 2012 (1). The more common types were synthetic cannabinoids (39.3%), synt ...
Pharmaceutical Care Practice
... Pharmaceutical care is a patientcentered practice in which the practitioner assumes responsibility for a patient's drug-related needs and ...
... Pharmaceutical care is a patientcentered practice in which the practitioner assumes responsibility for a patient's drug-related needs and ...
A Guide to the Accelerated Elimination Procedure for AUBAGIO(R
... Why is accelerated elimination required in these cases? AUBAGIO is eliminated slowly from the plasma. Without accelerated elimination, it takes an average of 8 months, or up to 2 years in some patients, to reach plasma concentrations <0.02 mcg/mL (<0.02 mg/L).1 With the accelerated elimination proc ...
... Why is accelerated elimination required in these cases? AUBAGIO is eliminated slowly from the plasma. Without accelerated elimination, it takes an average of 8 months, or up to 2 years in some patients, to reach plasma concentrations <0.02 mcg/mL (<0.02 mg/L).1 With the accelerated elimination proc ...
Extrapyramidal Side Effects
... extrapyramidal side effects, EPSE) ‘yesterday’s’ side effect? One would think so looking at the plethora of medical literature that appears to focus almost exclusively on the metabolic adverse consequences of antipsychotic treatment. Certainly, given the ubiquitous use of atypical antipsychotic drug ...
... extrapyramidal side effects, EPSE) ‘yesterday’s’ side effect? One would think so looking at the plethora of medical literature that appears to focus almost exclusively on the metabolic adverse consequences of antipsychotic treatment. Certainly, given the ubiquitous use of atypical antipsychotic drug ...
marquis - Merial Equine Rebates
... loading dose, calculated on the basis of the accumulation ratio (i.e., the fold increase in serum drug concentrations once steady state conditions have been achieved) was 15 mg/kg (6.81 mg/lb) body weight. This dose represents the range of estimated accumulation ratios of 2.3 to 3.3. Thus, a three-f ...
... loading dose, calculated on the basis of the accumulation ratio (i.e., the fold increase in serum drug concentrations once steady state conditions have been achieved) was 15 mg/kg (6.81 mg/lb) body weight. This dose represents the range of estimated accumulation ratios of 2.3 to 3.3. Thus, a three-f ...
Review notes
... 2) Cytochrome P450 (electron acceptor); CYP PPAR ligands, CYP1, CYP2E, CYP2B Polymorphisms cause changes in drug metab: CYP2C19, CYP2B, CYP2D6 Induction of P450 enzymes=metabolize drug Glucoronidation Sulfation Acetylation Amino acid Conj Glutathione Conj Fatty acid Conj Condensation Reaction ...
... 2) Cytochrome P450 (electron acceptor); CYP PPAR ligands, CYP1, CYP2E, CYP2B Polymorphisms cause changes in drug metab: CYP2C19, CYP2B, CYP2D6 Induction of P450 enzymes=metabolize drug Glucoronidation Sulfation Acetylation Amino acid Conj Glutathione Conj Fatty acid Conj Condensation Reaction ...
Clinical Discussion of Special Populations - M
... When to conduct a pharmacokinetics (PK) study in pregnant women? • Per the 2004 Draft FDA Guidance1, PK studies in pregnant women are useful in the following situations: – Known to be prescribed or used by pregnant women, especially in 2nd or 3rd trimesters – For a new drug or indication, if there ...
... When to conduct a pharmacokinetics (PK) study in pregnant women? • Per the 2004 Draft FDA Guidance1, PK studies in pregnant women are useful in the following situations: – Known to be prescribed or used by pregnant women, especially in 2nd or 3rd trimesters – For a new drug or indication, if there ...
G. Woody (Philadelphia, USA): Methadone treatment
... 1969 Initiation of special research-based methadone maintenance treatment program for youthful (16 to 21 yo) long-term heroin addicts (more than 3 years of multiple, daily self-administrations of heroin) (Dole, Nyswander, and Kreek, later joined by Millman and Khuri at the Rockefeller Hospital) 1971 ...
... 1969 Initiation of special research-based methadone maintenance treatment program for youthful (16 to 21 yo) long-term heroin addicts (more than 3 years of multiple, daily self-administrations of heroin) (Dole, Nyswander, and Kreek, later joined by Millman and Khuri at the Rockefeller Hospital) 1971 ...
PowerPoint
... physical feelings (euphoric state, strong feeling of well-being and contentment, and lack of concern). Provides user with an experience that the brain equates with profoundly important events like eating, drinking and sex. Becomes an acquired drive state that permeates all aspects of human life. ...
... physical feelings (euphoric state, strong feeling of well-being and contentment, and lack of concern). Provides user with an experience that the brain equates with profoundly important events like eating, drinking and sex. Becomes an acquired drive state that permeates all aspects of human life. ...
Dart Transmitters - Wildlife Materials
... 770-942-4395) and from Wiley and Sons, at 7007 Co Rd 2120, Wills Point, TX 75169 (tel. 903-848-7912). The flight of the dart is not significantly affected by the addition of a transmitter, except that it drops somewhat faster. Additionally, milder and slower-acting drugs, or smaller doses of potent ...
... 770-942-4395) and from Wiley and Sons, at 7007 Co Rd 2120, Wills Point, TX 75169 (tel. 903-848-7912). The flight of the dart is not significantly affected by the addition of a transmitter, except that it drops somewhat faster. Additionally, milder and slower-acting drugs, or smaller doses of potent ...
Accutane: Has Drug Regulation in the United States Reached Its
... Pharmaceutical regulation is complicated by a variety of intractable dilemmas. The most basic is the choice between safety/efficacy and availability: to withhold approval until tests have shown that a drug is completely safe and effective denies access to people who may desperately need the drug in ...
... Pharmaceutical regulation is complicated by a variety of intractable dilemmas. The most basic is the choice between safety/efficacy and availability: to withhold approval until tests have shown that a drug is completely safe and effective denies access to people who may desperately need the drug in ...
03-232 S2016 Exam II Name:_______________________
... HIV Reverse transcriptase, which copies the genetic information from the viral RNA to DNA is error prone, the errors result in mutation in the HIV protease. 9. (6 pts) Pick any one of the following purification techniques and describe how it works to separate proteins. Your answer should include a d ...
... HIV Reverse transcriptase, which copies the genetic information from the viral RNA to DNA is error prone, the errors result in mutation in the HIV protease. 9. (6 pts) Pick any one of the following purification techniques and describe how it works to separate proteins. Your answer should include a d ...
Barnsley Area Prescribing Committee
... A baseline ECHO will be performed at initiation of therapy with any clinical issues highlighted being used to determine further monitoring and use Monitoring for signs of pituitary enlargement is only necessary when a prolactinoma has been diagnosed. Pregnancy: Cabergoline to be stopped once a posit ...
... A baseline ECHO will be performed at initiation of therapy with any clinical issues highlighted being used to determine further monitoring and use Monitoring for signs of pituitary enlargement is only necessary when a prolactinoma has been diagnosed. Pregnancy: Cabergoline to be stopped once a posit ...
OraLine IV sat - American Screening Corp
... analysis of parent drugs, and their metabolites in human oral fluid samples. The assay is based on the competition for limited antibody sites between the drug or drug metabolite in the sample and a drug conjugate immobilized on a porous membrane support (6). All test components are housed in the pla ...
... analysis of parent drugs, and their metabolites in human oral fluid samples. The assay is based on the competition for limited antibody sites between the drug or drug metabolite in the sample and a drug conjugate immobilized on a porous membrane support (6). All test components are housed in the pla ...
Meeting Minutes AAPIFDA Pediatric Exclusivity Provisions of the FDA Modernization
... accepted, and there is sufficient information to support a labeling change. In addition, if a new formulation is needed, the completion of the study should include the development of the formulation. ...
... accepted, and there is sufficient information to support a labeling change. In addition, if a new formulation is needed, the completion of the study should include the development of the formulation. ...
2014 Report on prescription drug costs
... in pharmacy spending over the course of a year — as their primary gauge. Drug trend provides insight into how fast pharmacy costs are moving and why. This metric can be useful, but it doesn’t offer a true picture of how drug costs compare. We think net ingredient cost offers a clearer picture of whe ...
... in pharmacy spending over the course of a year — as their primary gauge. Drug trend provides insight into how fast pharmacy costs are moving and why. This metric can be useful, but it doesn’t offer a true picture of how drug costs compare. We think net ingredient cost offers a clearer picture of whe ...
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK (from Ancient Greek pharmakon ""drug"" and kinetikos ""moving, putting in motion""; see chemical kinetics), is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins. It attempts to discover the fate of a drug from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. Pharmacokinetics is often studied in conjunction with pharmacodynamics, the study of a drug's pharmacological effect on the body.A number of different models have been developed in order to simplify conceptualization of the many processes that take place in the interaction between an organism and a drug. One of these models, the multi-compartment model, gives the best approximation to reality; however, the complexity involved in using this type of model means that monocompartmental models and above all two compartmental models are the most-frequently used. The various compartments that the model is divided into are commonly referred to as the ADME scheme (also referred to as LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption): Liberation - the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. See also IVIVC. Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites. Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.The two phases of metabolism and excretion can also be grouped together under the title elimination.The study of these distinct phases involves the use and manipulation of basic concepts in order to understand the process dynamics. For this reason in order to fully comprehend the kinetics of a drug it is necessary to have detailed knowledge of a number of factors such as: the properties of the substances that act as excipients, the characteristics of the appropriate biological membranes and the way that substances can cross them, or the characteristics of the enzyme reactions that inactivate the drug.All these concepts can be represented through mathematical formulas that have a corresponding graphical representation. The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics. Such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribution in the organism.The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine.