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Newton`s Law of Universal Gravitation and Circular Motion
Newton`s Law of Universal Gravitation and Circular Motion

... Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation • Newton noted the planets from Kepler’s work followed a nearly circular orbit. • He theorized that there must be a force to keep the planets from going off in a straight line. • Gravitational force is a field force that always exists between two masses, regardl ...
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Newton`s 1st Law

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chapter 26 instructor notes

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... 6. 10, 3 What is the acceleration of a bird which is observed to change constantly its speed by 5 ft/sec every 4 seconds of time: A) 1.25 ft/sec2 B) 2.25 ft/sec2 C) 1.025 ft/sec2 D) 5.10 ft/sec2 7. 10, 4 What acceleration do you expect to impart to a block of mass 2.5 slugs resting on a frictionles ...
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force - Coosa High School

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Introduction to Mechanics Dynamics Forces Newton`s Laws

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... 14. A space vehicle of mass 120 kg is falling vertically, towards a planet. The gravitational field strength at this point is 3.5 N/kg. The vehicle fires a rocket engine which applies a steady upward force of 660 N to the vehicle. 11. A mass of 1 kg is pulled along a level bench by a horizontal forc ...
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CPO Chapter 3 Notes

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What is a Force?

... An object will remain at rest unless acted upon by an “unbalanced” force. An object in motion will continue with constant speed and direction, unless acted on by an unbalanced force. This law shows how force, mass and acceleration are related as shown in the equation below: Force = mass x accelerati ...
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2.6 Mb - Todd Satogata

Physical Science Worksheet: Force Short Answer 1. The SI unit of
Physical Science Worksheet: Force Short Answer 1. The SI unit of

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Astronomy Unit 4 Galaxies

... 34. The redshift caused by the expansion of the universe. ______________________ 35. Hubble’s Constant tells astronomers how _______________ the universe is expanding. 36. The approximate age of the universe determined by using Hubble’s Constant. __________________________________ 37. The distribut ...
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Laws of Motion Notes - Independent School District 196
Laws of Motion Notes - Independent School District 196

... A. the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion B. the tendency of an object to have a positive acceleration C. The tendency of an object to have a net force of zero. D. The tendency of an object to change in speed or direction. ...
Motion, Forces &Machines PowerPoint presentation
Motion, Forces &Machines PowerPoint presentation

... Newton's 1st Law of Motion • An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. • sometimes referred to as the "law of inertia." • There are two parts one which predicts the ...
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Learning Goals

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Modified Newtonian dynamics



In physics, modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a theory that proposes a modification of Newton's laws to account for observed properties of galaxies. Created in 1983 by Israeli physicist Mordehai Milgrom, the theory's original motivation was to explain the fact that the velocities of stars in galaxies were observed to be larger than expected based on Newtonian mechanics. Milgrom noted that this discrepancy could be resolved if the gravitational force experienced by a star in the outer regions of a galaxy was proportional to the square of its centripetal acceleration (as opposed to the centripetal acceleration itself, as in Newton's Second Law), or alternatively if gravitational force came to vary inversely with radius (as opposed to the inverse square of the radius, as in Newton's Law of Gravity). In MOND, violation of Newton's Laws occurs at extremely small accelerations, characteristic of galaxies yet far below anything typically encountered in the Solar System or on Earth.MOND is an example of a class of theories known as modified gravity, and is an alternative to the hypothesis that the dynamics of galaxies are determined by massive, invisible dark matter halos. Since Milgrom's original proposal, MOND has successfully predicted a variety of galactic phenomena that are difficult to understand from a dark matter perspective. However, MOND and its generalisations do not adequately account for observed properties of galaxy clusters, and no satisfactory cosmological model has been constructed from the theory.
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