Pfurr et al_Thrust tectonics_SMZ
... Within the RBNC four major lithotypes are distinguished (see Fig. 2): pre- or early-Damara orthogneisses and three partly interfingering sedimentary and volcaniclastic sequences of the Nosib Group. The latter are subdivided into a sequence of conglomerates and quartzites of the Kamtsas Formation wit ...
... Within the RBNC four major lithotypes are distinguished (see Fig. 2): pre- or early-Damara orthogneisses and three partly interfingering sedimentary and volcaniclastic sequences of the Nosib Group. The latter are subdivided into a sequence of conglomerates and quartzites of the Kamtsas Formation wit ...
Soriano 2012 Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
... 3.2 Los Frailes Formation The Los Frailes Formation is named for exposures on the lower slopes of Cerro de Los Frailes, but extends farther to the north, west and southwest (Fig. 2). It is mainly composed of dacite breccia, lava and pyroclastic rocks that are pale brown to pale grey and amphibole to ...
... 3.2 Los Frailes Formation The Los Frailes Formation is named for exposures on the lower slopes of Cerro de Los Frailes, but extends farther to the north, west and southwest (Fig. 2). It is mainly composed of dacite breccia, lava and pyroclastic rocks that are pale brown to pale grey and amphibole to ...
Global tectonics - Scheme of work and lesson plan booklet
... (a) Describe and explain the nature of the asthenosphere as a rheid, plastic layer with 1 – 5% partial melting. Describe how this layer can be identified using P and S waves and its role in plate tectonics. ...
... (a) Describe and explain the nature of the asthenosphere as a rheid, plastic layer with 1 – 5% partial melting. Describe how this layer can be identified using P and S waves and its role in plate tectonics. ...
Thermal evolution of the North Atlantic
... the robustness of this inversion scheme. A fractal exponent of 3.0 in the magnetic susceptibility is found suitable, and Curie depths are well constrained by their known depths near the mid-Atlantic ridge. While generally increasing with growing ages, North Atlantic Curie depths show large oscillati ...
... the robustness of this inversion scheme. A fractal exponent of 3.0 in the magnetic susceptibility is found suitable, and Curie depths are well constrained by their known depths near the mid-Atlantic ridge. While generally increasing with growing ages, North Atlantic Curie depths show large oscillati ...
Glencoe Earth Science
... Locating an Epicenter Different seismic waves travel through Earth at different speeds. Primary waves are the fastest, secondary waves are slower, and surface waves are the slowest. Can you think of a way this information could be used to determine how far away an earthquake epicenter is? Think of ...
... Locating an Epicenter Different seismic waves travel through Earth at different speeds. Primary waves are the fastest, secondary waves are slower, and surface waves are the slowest. Can you think of a way this information could be used to determine how far away an earthquake epicenter is? Think of ...
Plate motions, slab dynamics and back
... regime and slab age for all oceanic subduction zones—excluding any kind of collision with continents, arcs or plateaus, we have examined how the combined effects of these parameters can account for the observed back-arc deformations. Our main results are: (1) a global correlation exists between uppe ...
... regime and slab age for all oceanic subduction zones—excluding any kind of collision with continents, arcs or plateaus, we have examined how the combined effects of these parameters can account for the observed back-arc deformations. Our main results are: (1) a global correlation exists between uppe ...
Plate motions, slab dynamics and back
... regime and slab age for all oceanic subduction zones—excluding any kind of collision with continents, arcs or plateaus, we have examined how the combined effects of these parameters can account for the observed back-arc deformations. Our main results are: (1) a global correlation exists between uppe ...
... regime and slab age for all oceanic subduction zones—excluding any kind of collision with continents, arcs or plateaus, we have examined how the combined effects of these parameters can account for the observed back-arc deformations. Our main results are: (1) a global correlation exists between uppe ...
Scientific Ocean Drilling of Mid-Ocean Ridge and Ridge
... seismically imaged axial magma chambers (AMCs). AMCs likely comprise high amounts of partial melt within a sill-like structure a few tens to hundreds of meters thick (Fig. 4). The nature of the lower crust below the AMC and their distribution below the axial flanks is relatively unknown, but above t ...
... seismically imaged axial magma chambers (AMCs). AMCs likely comprise high amounts of partial melt within a sill-like structure a few tens to hundreds of meters thick (Fig. 4). The nature of the lower crust below the AMC and their distribution below the axial flanks is relatively unknown, but above t ...
Galápagos Magma Chambers - University of Washington
... approximately 1 km and a deeper reservoir of unknown shape at approximately 5 km [Geist et al., 2006a; Chadwick et al., 2011; Bagnardi and Amelung, 2012]. The dimensions of the tops of the shallow magma bodies are relatively well-constrained by deformation measurements, but their deeper geometry is ...
... approximately 1 km and a deeper reservoir of unknown shape at approximately 5 km [Geist et al., 2006a; Chadwick et al., 2011; Bagnardi and Amelung, 2012]. The dimensions of the tops of the shallow magma bodies are relatively well-constrained by deformation measurements, but their deeper geometry is ...
Cowie, Stonehaven
... and early summer, and especially at low tide. Rocks are displayed that tell an amazing story of an ancient ocean that was destroyed by colliding continents whose edges were then buckled to form high mountains. Eroded debris from these mountains is seen side by side across the Highland Boundary Fault ...
... and early summer, and especially at low tide. Rocks are displayed that tell an amazing story of an ancient ocean that was destroyed by colliding continents whose edges were then buckled to form high mountains. Eroded debris from these mountains is seen side by side across the Highland Boundary Fault ...
View PDF
... Arima-type brine is non-volcanic hot spring water with high salinity found in a fore-arc region with no Quaternary volcanism [2]. This water has been geochemically characterized by a high Cl content at ~40000 ppm and specific O–H isotopic ratios that are similar to magmatic/metamorphic thermal water ...
... Arima-type brine is non-volcanic hot spring water with high salinity found in a fore-arc region with no Quaternary volcanism [2]. This water has been geochemically characterized by a high Cl content at ~40000 ppm and specific O–H isotopic ratios that are similar to magmatic/metamorphic thermal water ...
here (set1)
... Draw, in WISE, their own models of plate tectonics phenomena. Participate in an on-line “field trip” to explore differences between the East and West coast in terms of earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains (beginning with the most salient differences). Pose a question about their current understan ...
... Draw, in WISE, their own models of plate tectonics phenomena. Participate in an on-line “field trip” to explore differences between the East and West coast in terms of earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains (beginning with the most salient differences). Pose a question about their current understan ...
Stratigraphy, structure and regional correlations of crustal
... Gaspé Belt (Bourque et al., 2000). The Humber and Dunnage Zones are remnants of the Laurentian continental margin and of the adjacent oceanic domain, respectively. The boundary between the Humber and Dunnage Zones corresponds (on the surface) to a zone of dismembered ophiolites and serpentinite slic ...
... Gaspé Belt (Bourque et al., 2000). The Humber and Dunnage Zones are remnants of the Laurentian continental margin and of the adjacent oceanic domain, respectively. The boundary between the Humber and Dunnage Zones corresponds (on the surface) to a zone of dismembered ophiolites and serpentinite slic ...
52. eratosthenes seamount: an oceanographic yardstick recording
... Three boreholes were drilled on the northern slope of the Eratosthenes Seamount during Leg 160. Lithological data were obtained back to the Early Cretaceous. Lithological correlation of shallow-marine sedimentary rocks reveals similarities in the Lower Cretaceous lithological successions of the Erat ...
... Three boreholes were drilled on the northern slope of the Eratosthenes Seamount during Leg 160. Lithological data were obtained back to the Early Cretaceous. Lithological correlation of shallow-marine sedimentary rocks reveals similarities in the Lower Cretaceous lithological successions of the Erat ...
From Source to Sinks in Auriferous Magmatic
... to the site of deposition (Candela and Piccoli 2005). Porphyry and epithermal deposits are inherently related to arc magmatism. Overall, there is a common theme of short- to long-lived magmatism (~1 to 10 million years), evolving from early volcanism to main-stage plutonism as the magmatic arc wanes ...
... to the site of deposition (Candela and Piccoli 2005). Porphyry and epithermal deposits are inherently related to arc magmatism. Overall, there is a common theme of short- to long-lived magmatism (~1 to 10 million years), evolving from early volcanism to main-stage plutonism as the magmatic arc wanes ...
Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks
... downward resulting in the basaltic crust and ocean floor sediment being subjected to relatively high pressure. But, because the oceanic crust by the time it subducts is relatively cool, the temperatures in the crust are relatively low. Under the conditions of low temperature and high pressure, metam ...
... downward resulting in the basaltic crust and ocean floor sediment being subjected to relatively high pressure. But, because the oceanic crust by the time it subducts is relatively cool, the temperatures in the crust are relatively low. Under the conditions of low temperature and high pressure, metam ...
Genesis, geology and the Grand Canyon
... Evolutionist geologists believe that the Paleozoic 16 era (542-250 million years ago) was marked by the first appearance of animals with shells such as clams, invertebrates (animals without backbones), fish, land plants, and amphibians. The Paleozoic era is divided into Cambrian, Ordovician, Siluria ...
... Evolutionist geologists believe that the Paleozoic 16 era (542-250 million years ago) was marked by the first appearance of animals with shells such as clams, invertebrates (animals without backbones), fish, land plants, and amphibians. The Paleozoic era is divided into Cambrian, Ordovician, Siluria ...
CHAPTER 5 Mafic-ultramafic complexes
... The Penrose definition came out of the widely accepted view that ideal oceanic crust had a uniform, layered composition. But with ongoing research, it came to be realized that the oceanic crust is not homogeneous, but variable in its development and stratigraphy, which means that ophiolites are more ...
... The Penrose definition came out of the widely accepted view that ideal oceanic crust had a uniform, layered composition. But with ongoing research, it came to be realized that the oceanic crust is not homogeneous, but variable in its development and stratigraphy, which means that ophiolites are more ...
Kurzlaukis and Lorenz_Gibeon Volcanic Field
... updoming of country rock beds along their margins, similar to the observations of Wagner (1914, 1971) for kimberlites in southern Africa. This is typically absent in the vicinity of carbonatite dikes and diatremes surrounding Gross Brukkaros. Updoming is most obvious along dikes and diatremes intrud ...
... updoming of country rock beds along their margins, similar to the observations of Wagner (1914, 1971) for kimberlites in southern Africa. This is typically absent in the vicinity of carbonatite dikes and diatremes surrounding Gross Brukkaros. Updoming is most obvious along dikes and diatremes intrud ...
earthquakes
... by the slip. ___Volcanic Activity____, or other geologic processes, may cause stress changes in the earth that can also result in an earthquake. ...
... by the slip. ___Volcanic Activity____, or other geologic processes, may cause stress changes in the earth that can also result in an earthquake. ...
Garnet in the Earth`s Mantle
... experimental work of D. H. Green and A. E. Ringwood on the basalt–eclogite transformation (Green and Ringwood 1967). These authors found that the conditions of the transformation are such that eclogite is stable throughout most of the continental crust and hence could not be responsible for the Moho ...
... experimental work of D. H. Green and A. E. Ringwood on the basalt–eclogite transformation (Green and Ringwood 1967). These authors found that the conditions of the transformation are such that eclogite is stable throughout most of the continental crust and hence could not be responsible for the Moho ...
Large igneous province
A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including liquid rock (intrusive) or volcanic rock formations (extrusive), when hot magma extrudes from inside the Earth and flows out. The source of many or all LIPs is variously attributed to mantle plumes or to processes associated with plate tectonics. Types of LIPs can include large volcanic provinces (LVP), created through flood basalt and large plutonic provinces (LPP). Eleven distinct flood basalt episodes occurred in the past 250 million years, creating volcanic provinces, which coincided with mass extinctions in prehistoric times. Formation depends on a range of factors, such as continental configuration, latitude, volume, rate, duration of eruption, style and setting (continental vs. oceanic), the preexisting climate state, and the biota resilience to change.