Thesis pdf
... by xenolith samples. Our results of the geophysical-petrological study finally suggest that the Himalaya-Tibetan orogen is supported by a thick buoyant lithospheric mantle in the western profile and by a lithospheric mantle thinning in the north-eastern sector of the Tibetan Plateau along the easter ...
... by xenolith samples. Our results of the geophysical-petrological study finally suggest that the Himalaya-Tibetan orogen is supported by a thick buoyant lithospheric mantle in the western profile and by a lithospheric mantle thinning in the north-eastern sector of the Tibetan Plateau along the easter ...
Origin of the concentrated deformation zone in the Japanese Islands... accumulation process of intraplate earthquakes
... coast (NKTZ: Niigata-Kobe Tectonic Zone) has been detected by dense GPS arrays (GEONET by Geographical Survey Institute), as shown in Fig. 1 (Sagiya et al., 2000). The observed horizontal displacement rates in NKTZ were fitted, quantitatively, by 3 kinematic models named as the detachment model (Hir ...
... coast (NKTZ: Niigata-Kobe Tectonic Zone) has been detected by dense GPS arrays (GEONET by Geographical Survey Institute), as shown in Fig. 1 (Sagiya et al., 2000). The observed horizontal displacement rates in NKTZ were fitted, quantitatively, by 3 kinematic models named as the detachment model (Hir ...
THE PETROLOGY OF THE PYROXENE
... (Numbers refer to specimens in the collection of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne Department of Geology.) No strong evidence has been found of systematic differences between the olivines of different ultramafic bodies. It may be noted that the three most magnesian examples (Fa14, Fa15, Fa16) al ...
... (Numbers refer to specimens in the collection of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne Department of Geology.) No strong evidence has been found of systematic differences between the olivines of different ultramafic bodies. It may be noted that the three most magnesian examples (Fa14, Fa15, Fa16) al ...
GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
... Geothermal resources are distributed throughout the world. They are classified in various ways on the basis of heat source, heat transfer, reservoir temperature, physical state, utilization and geological settings. Common classification of geothermal systems is: (a) volcanic systems with the heat so ...
... Geothermal resources are distributed throughout the world. They are classified in various ways on the basis of heat source, heat transfer, reservoir temperature, physical state, utilization and geological settings. Common classification of geothermal systems is: (a) volcanic systems with the heat so ...
Melting the roof of a chamber containing a hot, turbulently
... of the container and permit the fluid to escape, with potentially disastrous consequences. The introduction of hot magma into a magma chamber surrounded by rock with relatively low melting temperatures is not as severe, in that the magma is not able to escape, but nevertheless the process is geologi ...
... of the container and permit the fluid to escape, with potentially disastrous consequences. The introduction of hot magma into a magma chamber surrounded by rock with relatively low melting temperatures is not as severe, in that the magma is not able to escape, but nevertheless the process is geologi ...
Stratigraphic and structural evolution of the Blue Nile Basin
... Field and remote sensing studies have been focused on four accessible key areas along the Gorge of the Nile (Figure 2) that expose representative Mesozoic and Cenozoic stratigraphic successions and allow for examination of various structural styles and orientations (areas 1, 2, 3 and 4 on Figure 2). ...
... Field and remote sensing studies have been focused on four accessible key areas along the Gorge of the Nile (Figure 2) that expose representative Mesozoic and Cenozoic stratigraphic successions and allow for examination of various structural styles and orientations (areas 1, 2, 3 and 4 on Figure 2). ...
Uncertainties and implications of the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary
... and Caribbean regions are examples. In other areas, such as between India and Eurasia, the geologic history is too poorly known to permit more than very simple and imprecise correlations between plate motions and geologic events. One of the geologically most promising areas to relate to plate motion ...
... and Caribbean regions are examples. In other areas, such as between India and Eurasia, the geologic history is too poorly known to permit more than very simple and imprecise correlations between plate motions and geologic events. One of the geologically most promising areas to relate to plate motion ...
The stability of arc lower crust: Insights from the Talkeetna Arc
... Hacker, et al., 2003; Jull and Kelemen, 2001; Sobolev and Babeyko, 1994]. The applicability of these studies to arc lower crust is limited by several simplifying assumptions that were incorporated in the thermodynamic calculations. For example, amphibolite to granulite facies arc lower crust can con ...
... Hacker, et al., 2003; Jull and Kelemen, 2001; Sobolev and Babeyko, 1994]. The applicability of these studies to arc lower crust is limited by several simplifying assumptions that were incorporated in the thermodynamic calculations. For example, amphibolite to granulite facies arc lower crust can con ...
Geological Society, London, Special Publications
... define the segmentation characteristics of this portion of the Indo-Australian-Antarctic plate boundary. The Southeast Indian Ridge within our survey area can be broken into three first-order segments bounded by one transform fault and two propagating rifts. The transform fault, located at the west ...
... define the segmentation characteristics of this portion of the Indo-Australian-Antarctic plate boundary. The Southeast Indian Ridge within our survey area can be broken into three first-order segments bounded by one transform fault and two propagating rifts. The transform fault, located at the west ...
Ultramafic-mafic intrusions, volcanic rocks and PGE-Cu
... been identified at the base of the crust in the Noril’sk region, with higher velocities of longitudinal waves (Vp; 7.3 km/s) than those typical for the crust (Fig. 2). This zone has been considered as a manifestation of ultramafic material injected in the subcrustal levels of the lithosphere (Tugan ...
... been identified at the base of the crust in the Noril’sk region, with higher velocities of longitudinal waves (Vp; 7.3 km/s) than those typical for the crust (Fig. 2). This zone has been considered as a manifestation of ultramafic material injected in the subcrustal levels of the lithosphere (Tugan ...
Oxygen-isotope and trace element constraints on the origins of silica
... [Richard et al., 1986; Vidal et al., 1989; Maury et al., 1992; Schiano et al., 1995]. These peridotitic xenoliths are hosted by basaltic andesite and are believed to sample the upper portions of the mantle wedge beneath the Luzon arc. The melt inclusions contained in these xenoliths have silica cont ...
... [Richard et al., 1986; Vidal et al., 1989; Maury et al., 1992; Schiano et al., 1995]. These peridotitic xenoliths are hosted by basaltic andesite and are believed to sample the upper portions of the mantle wedge beneath the Luzon arc. The melt inclusions contained in these xenoliths have silica cont ...
Chapter 2
... any treatment of landforms, be they earthbound or extraterrestrial. Structure is generally agreed to be the most important of the Davisian trio. "Structure," as used by Davis and most later geomorphologists (e.g., Thornbury, 1969), includes not only deformational features like folds, faults, and joi ...
... any treatment of landforms, be they earthbound or extraterrestrial. Structure is generally agreed to be the most important of the Davisian trio. "Structure," as used by Davis and most later geomorphologists (e.g., Thornbury, 1969), includes not only deformational features like folds, faults, and joi ...
nature and composition of the continental crust
... also found in surface outcrop or as xenoliths. Amphibolite facies rocks may also be important in the lowermost crust in areas of high water flux (such as in island arc settings where hydrous oceanic lithosphere is subducted and dewatered [e.g., Kushiro, 1990]. The role the lower crust plays in conti ...
... also found in surface outcrop or as xenoliths. Amphibolite facies rocks may also be important in the lowermost crust in areas of high water flux (such as in island arc settings where hydrous oceanic lithosphere is subducted and dewatered [e.g., Kushiro, 1990]. The role the lower crust plays in conti ...
Tectonic and volcanic events at the Jan Mayen Ridge
... northward onto the Iceland Plateau. A regional intrasedimentary sill is also a possible explanation, but seems unlikely from a mechanical viewpoint considering the areal extent of the reflector. However, if the reflector offsets are interpreted as the limits of individual sills and not as normal fau ...
... northward onto the Iceland Plateau. A regional intrasedimentary sill is also a possible explanation, but seems unlikely from a mechanical viewpoint considering the areal extent of the reflector. However, if the reflector offsets are interpreted as the limits of individual sills and not as normal fau ...
The Volume and Composition of Melt Generated
... discussed above there is in general no observational evidence for an association between mantle circulation and spreading ridges, under some circumstances it is possible that the movement of the plates may trap an upwelling hot jet or sheet in the mantle below simply because the plates are moving ap ...
... discussed above there is in general no observational evidence for an association between mantle circulation and spreading ridges, under some circumstances it is possible that the movement of the plates may trap an upwelling hot jet or sheet in the mantle below simply because the plates are moving ap ...
Earth Science Ch. 6 Practice Test
... Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Volcanic belts form along a. islands in the Pacific Ocean. b. North American mountain ranges. c. the boundaries of Earth’s plates. d. the coast of Antarctica. ____ 2. Before lava reaches the surface, the molten ma ...
... Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Volcanic belts form along a. islands in the Pacific Ocean. b. North American mountain ranges. c. the boundaries of Earth’s plates. d. the coast of Antarctica. ____ 2. Before lava reaches the surface, the molten ma ...
Metamorphic reworking of a high - Lamont
... of ocean basins as part of the Wilson Cycle (Wilson, 1960). Most sutures were assumed to be perpendicular to convergent directions since major dip slip motion is required to form HP rocks. However, many modern compressional terrane boundaries are not perpendicular to convergent directions, but obliq ...
... of ocean basins as part of the Wilson Cycle (Wilson, 1960). Most sutures were assumed to be perpendicular to convergent directions since major dip slip motion is required to form HP rocks. However, many modern compressional terrane boundaries are not perpendicular to convergent directions, but obliq ...
Chapter 21
... provided evidence for a mechanism for the movement of continents. • Symmetrical bands on either side of a mid-ocean ridge indicate that the two sides of the ridge were moving away from each other and new ocean floor was rising up between them. Chapter menu ...
... provided evidence for a mechanism for the movement of continents. • Symmetrical bands on either side of a mid-ocean ridge indicate that the two sides of the ridge were moving away from each other and new ocean floor was rising up between them. Chapter menu ...
flow-layering in alpine peridotite-gabbro
... millimeter to 10 ern in pegmatitic layers (Fig. 3). The textures of the pegmatitic layers in outcrop resemble the textures of fine-grained layers in thin section. Foliation and lineation characterize flow-layers (Figs. 2, 3). Foliation, shown by planar orientation of individual grains or clusters of ...
... millimeter to 10 ern in pegmatitic layers (Fig. 3). The textures of the pegmatitic layers in outcrop resemble the textures of fine-grained layers in thin section. Foliation and lineation characterize flow-layers (Figs. 2, 3). Foliation, shown by planar orientation of individual grains or clusters of ...
68a_Chemale Hartmann..
... However, the Brasiliano Cycle was most significant in the region, defined by two main tectonic events, the São Gabriel (750-700 Ma) and Dom Feliciano (around 600 Ma) events. W- and NW-verging thrust-related tectonics and later strike-slip deformation are recognised in the region. Granitic and effusi ...
... However, the Brasiliano Cycle was most significant in the region, defined by two main tectonic events, the São Gabriel (750-700 Ma) and Dom Feliciano (around 600 Ma) events. W- and NW-verging thrust-related tectonics and later strike-slip deformation are recognised in the region. Granitic and effusi ...
An Introduction to Geological Maps
... Geologists measure time in millions of years. A geological timescale or time line is used to show the age of the Earth from its 'birth', some 4600 million years ago, to the present day. Geologists use fossil evidence and/or radiometric dating to age the rocks. To make the geological timescale easier ...
... Geologists measure time in millions of years. A geological timescale or time line is used to show the age of the Earth from its 'birth', some 4600 million years ago, to the present day. Geologists use fossil evidence and/or radiometric dating to age the rocks. To make the geological timescale easier ...
Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10
... – Climatic Evidence: changes in climatic patterns suggested the continents had not always been located where they are now. Chapter menu ...
... – Climatic Evidence: changes in climatic patterns suggested the continents had not always been located where they are now. Chapter menu ...
CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU AND ITS
... I determined crustal structures in and around the the Yadong-Gulu rift, the largest north-south-trending rift in southern Tibet, using receiver function techniques and joint-inversion technique with surface wave dispersion data. The results show a narrow zone beneath the rift where the crustal struc ...
... I determined crustal structures in and around the the Yadong-Gulu rift, the largest north-south-trending rift in southern Tibet, using receiver function techniques and joint-inversion technique with surface wave dispersion data. The results show a narrow zone beneath the rift where the crustal struc ...
Large igneous province
A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including liquid rock (intrusive) or volcanic rock formations (extrusive), when hot magma extrudes from inside the Earth and flows out. The source of many or all LIPs is variously attributed to mantle plumes or to processes associated with plate tectonics. Types of LIPs can include large volcanic provinces (LVP), created through flood basalt and large plutonic provinces (LPP). Eleven distinct flood basalt episodes occurred in the past 250 million years, creating volcanic provinces, which coincided with mass extinctions in prehistoric times. Formation depends on a range of factors, such as continental configuration, latitude, volume, rate, duration of eruption, style and setting (continental vs. oceanic), the preexisting climate state, and the biota resilience to change.