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Reply to" Comment on" Galilean invariance at quantum Hall edge""
Reply to" Comment on" Galilean invariance at quantum Hall edge""

... after taking this into account, the numerical prefactors extracted from Eqs. (1) and (7) differ by a factor of 1/2. We revised carefully our calculation and realized that in [1] we have incorrectly treated the velocity field v i as independent when deriving the consistent current as a variation of t ...
Algebraic spin liquid in an exactly solvable spin model
Algebraic spin liquid in an exactly solvable spin model

Quantum vacuum in de Sitter spacetime
Quantum vacuum in de Sitter spacetime

... For the proper distances between the plates larger than the curvature radius of the dS spacetime, , the gravitational field essentially changes the behavior of the Casimir forces compared with the case of the plates in Minkowski spacetime In particular, the forces may become repulsive at large separ ...
ppt
ppt

... 2. Simulate detector response 3. Analyse simulated data as if it were real – Response to known input can be calculated – Also used in detector design • Computer intensive • Must be carefully tuned and checked Joel Goldstein, RAL ...
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... All particles reconstructed by SIMDET were passed through a jet cluster algorithm aim: ...
Brane effects in vacuum currents on AdS spacetime with toroidal
Brane effects in vacuum currents on AdS spacetime with toroidal

... the background of AdS spacetime with spatial topology Rp×(S1)q • The presence of a gauge field flux enclosed by compact dimensions is assumed. On the brane the field obeys Robin boundary condition and along compact dimensions periodicity conditions with general phases are imposed. • There is a range ...
Quantum State Preparation via Asymptotic Completeness
Quantum State Preparation via Asymptotic Completeness

... N ! `, M r0  does not depend on the initial field state r0 , and its eigenvalues are 0 and 1. In the following, we will consider the vacuum j0 as initial field state, so that M r0   M 00 . In this case, it is useful to look also at the time-reversed process: Given an arbitrary field state jx ...
Symmetries and quantum field theory: an introduction Jean-No¨ el Fuchs
Symmetries and quantum field theory: an introduction Jean-No¨ el Fuchs

... the graviton, although it has never been observed. The huge energy scale at which gravity becomes quantum p is expected to be the so called Planck mass ~c/G ∼ 1019 GeV (where G is Newton’s constant of gravity) corresponding to a distance of 10−20 fm. Eventually, there is a third type of particles – ...
Problems in nucleon structure study
Problems in nucleon structure study

... • For symmetric E-M tensor, the momentum density flow is the same as the energy density flow. For spin s=1/2 electron this will lead to a contradiction. The energy flow and momentum density flow should be different. A detaild analysis had been given in arXiv:1211.2360[gr-qc]. ...
A non-perturbative solution for Bloch electrons in constant magnetic
A non-perturbative solution for Bloch electrons in constant magnetic

... where ρ and ϕ are the radial distance and the angle in cylindrical coordinates, and eϕ the unit vector in the ϕ-direction. Schrödinger’s equation for this vector potential A1 and the vanishing crystal potential V (x) contains the essence of the Aharonov-Bohm effect: An interference experiment with ...
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... The unification of special relativity (Poincaré covariance) and quantum mechanics took some time. Even today many questions remain as to a practical implementation of a Hamiltonian formulation of the relativistic quantum mechanics of interacting systems. The Poincaré group has ten generators: the ...
Grof, Jung, and the Quantum Vacuum
Grof, Jung, and the Quantum Vacuum

... Asia used them in various systems of yoga, Vipassana or Zen Buddhism, Tibetan Vajrayana, Taoism, and Sufism. The Semitic cultures used them in Cabala, the ancient Egyptians in the temple initiations of Isis and Osiris; the classical Greeks in Bacchanalia and the rites of Attis and Adonis as well as ...
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... Gauge & Diffeomorphism invariant; ...
Field-Induced Gap in a Quantum Spin
Field-Induced Gap in a Quantum Spin

... has been understood in analytical terms somewhat later by Fouet et al. [21], who have shown, using field-theory arguments, that the gap around the saturation field in one-dimensional spin systems scales as h4/5 . This exponent is larger than the exponent that controls the gap opening at low field, a ...
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... Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History • What were the fundamental symmetries that governed the microphysics of the early universe? The (broken) symmetries of the Standard Model of particle ...
Grand Unified Models and Cosmology
Grand Unified Models and Cosmology

... of the strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions. The non-abelian SU(3)c part describes the strong interaction and the SU(2)L × U(1)Y part describes the electroweak interactions which combine the weak and electromagnetic interactions. At energies ∼ 100 GeV, the standard model gauge group is spon ...
6. Edge Modes
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... It’s tempting to say that this vanishes because it’s the integral of a total derivative. But if is compact, that’s no longer true. We have the possibility that winds some number of times as we go around the circle. For example, the configuration = 2⇡p /L is single valued for any integer p. Evaluated ...
Non-perturbative Quantum Electrodynamics in low
Non-perturbative Quantum Electrodynamics in low

... best verified experimentally, among all gauge theories, so that it may appear as thoroughly understood. To put it into perspective, this impression is only justified if the perturbative behaviour of the theory is considered in 3 + 1 dimensions. Incidentaly, non-perturbative questions remain to be an ...
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... An additional q –anti-q pair is added in the form of excitation of nearly massless chiral field ...
0035_hsm11gmtr_0904.indd
0035_hsm11gmtr_0904.indd

... sketch the line(s) of symmetry. If it has rotational symmetry, tell the angle of rotation. 1. To start, look for the ways that the figure will reflect ...
pptx, 4Mb - ITEP Lattice Group
pptx, 4Mb - ITEP Lattice Group

... (massless fermions): right left ...
Multiparticle Quantum: Exchange
Multiparticle Quantum: Exchange

... Identical bosons can have the same wavefunction (and thus the same quantum numbers) Fermions never have the same (one-particle) wave function (state is identically zero if a=b) ...
instructions for the preparation of contributions to cern reports
instructions for the preparation of contributions to cern reports

... development of accelerators the subject then played a ‘niche’ role until instrumental developments allowed the construction of large detectors, resulting in important results such as the confirmation that neutrinos have mass. With the development of precision experimental cosmology, ‘non-accelerator ...
Last section - end of Lecture 4
Last section - end of Lecture 4

... where here β is the QED beta function. We see in this calculation the prototype of what is happening in gravity. If we think of the field strength tensor Fµν as a “curvature”, we have curvature-squared terms with a non-local factor of log  and curvaturecubed term with a non-local factor of 1/. Bot ...
ppt - Rencontres de Moriond
ppt - Rencontres de Moriond

... “… the slope r for the kaons should be negative, in contrast to the pion case, and the magnitude is expected to be larger… Note that in these predictions are integrated over 0 < pT < ∞. In order to properly test them, a wider pT coverage is ...
< 1 ... 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ... 53 >

Higgs mechanism

In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs mechanism is essential to explain the generation mechanism of the property ""mass"" for gauge bosons. Without the Higgs mechanism, or some other effect like it, all bosons (a type of fundamental particle) would be massless, but measurements show that the W+, W−, and Z bosons actually have relatively large masses of around 80 GeV/c2. The Higgs field resolves this conundrum. The simplest description of the mechanism adds a quantum field (the Higgs field) that permeates all space, to the Standard Model. Below some extremely high temperature, the field causes spontaneous symmetry breaking during interactions. The breaking of symmetry triggers the Higgs mechanism, causing the bosons it interacts with to have mass. In the Standard Model, the phrase ""Higgs mechanism"" refers specifically to the generation of masses for the W±, and Z weak gauge bosons through electroweak symmetry breaking. The Large Hadron Collider at CERN announced results consistent with the Higgs particle on March 14, 2013, making it extremely likely that the field, or one like it, exists, and explaining how the Higgs mechanism takes place in nature.The mechanism was proposed in 1962 by Philip Warren Anderson, following work in the late 1950s on symmetry breaking in superconductivity and a 1960 paper by Yoichiro Nambu that discussed its application within particle physics. A theory able to finally explain mass generation without ""breaking"" gauge theory was published almost simultaneously by three independent groups in 1964: by Robert Brout and François Englert; by Peter Higgs; and by Gerald Guralnik, C. R. Hagen, and Tom Kibble. The Higgs mechanism is therefore also called the Brout–Englert–Higgs mechanism or Englert–Brout–Higgs–Guralnik–Hagen–Kibble mechanism, Anderson–Higgs mechanism, Anderson–Higgs-Kibble mechanism, Higgs–Kibble mechanism by Abdus Salam and ABEGHHK'tH mechanism [for Anderson, Brout, Englert, Guralnik, Hagen, Higgs, Kibble and 't Hooft] by Peter Higgs.On October 8, 2013, following the discovery at CERN's Large Hadron Collider of a new particle that appeared to be the long-sought Higgs boson predicted by the theory, it was announced that Peter Higgs and François Englert had been awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics (Englert's co-author Robert Brout had died in 2011 and the Nobel Prize is not usually awarded posthumously).
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