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Coulomb`s Law - SAVE MY EXAMS!
Coulomb`s Law - SAVE MY EXAMS!

... Hence draw an arrow, labelled R, on the figure above at P to represent the direction of the resultant electric field at P. ...
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... If u is less than 10-3, Newtonian theory can be used. If u is around unity, General Relativity must be used. At intermediate values, the post Newtonian approximation is to be used. For the effect of the sun's gravity on Earth, u=10-8, and Newtonian law is adequate. For the universe, u = 10-2 to 1, a ...
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... Sometimes, instead of one atom giving electrons to another, both atoms need electrons, so the atoms share electrons. This is called a _________________________ bond. They CO operate. They are CO nnected. _______________ is an example of covalent bonding. Water has ________________ bonding. Water’s c ...
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Pocket physics - Institute of Physics
Pocket physics - Institute of Physics

... The strong nuclear force binds neutrons to neutrons, protons to protons and neutrons to protons. Number of neutrons (n) is approximately the same as the number of protons (p). Isotopes. Atoms with same atomic number Z (and so chemically similar), but different mass number  A. Isotope shown as ZAK, w ...
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... Everything these days seems to be computerized. That is one of the reasons why engineers are so desperately needed in the job force. A lot of people are realizing that an engineering career offers the potential for a great deal of money and the position is highly in demand. When you are interested i ...
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ppt - Rutgers Physics

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... The garbage electron beam is put into a uniform magnetic field. Electrons are then curved by the field. Since the radius of the curve is related to their energies, we can classify the electrons by their energies.  When an electron is detected by the tagger, it sends a signal to the main particle de ...
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... maximum photon energy where we neglect the work function because it is normally so small compared to the potential energy of the electron. This yields the Duane-Hunt limit which was first found experimentally. The photon wavelength depends only on the accelerating voltage and is the same for all tar ...
10071 Back to High School Physics
10071 Back to High School Physics

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Elementary particle



In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle whose substructure is unknown, thus it is unknown whether it is composed of other particles. Known elementary particles include the fundamental fermions (quarks, leptons, antiquarks, and antileptons), which generally are ""matter particles"" and ""antimatter particles"", as well as the fundamental bosons (gauge bosons and Higgs boson), which generally are ""force particles"" that mediate interactions among fermions. A particle containing two or more elementary particles is a composite particle.Everyday matter is composed of atoms, once presumed to be matter's elementary particles—atom meaning ""indivisible"" in Greek—although the atom's existence remained controversial until about 1910, as some leading physicists regarded molecules as mathematical illusions, and matter as ultimately composed of energy. Soon, subatomic constituents of the atom were identified. As the 1930s opened, the electron and the proton had been observed, along with the photon, the particle of electromagnetic radiation. At that time, the recent advent of quantum mechanics was radically altering the conception of particles, as a single particle could seemingly span a field as would a wave, a paradox still eluding satisfactory explanation.Via quantum theory, protons and neutrons were found to contain quarks—up quarks and down quarks—now considered elementary particles. And within a molecule, the electron's three degrees of freedom (charge, spin, orbital) can separate via wavefunction into three quasiparticles (holon, spinon, orbiton). Yet a free electron—which, not orbiting an atomic nucleus, lacks orbital motion—appears unsplittable and remains regarded as an elementary particle.Around 1980, an elementary particle's status as indeed elementary—an ultimate constituent of substance—was mostly discarded for a more practical outlook, embodied in particle physics' Standard Model, science's most experimentally successful theory. Many elaborations upon and theories beyond the Standard Model, including the extremely popular supersymmetry, double the number of elementary particles by hypothesizing that each known particle associates with a ""shadow"" partner far more massive, although all such superpartners remain undiscovered. Meanwhile, an elementary boson mediating gravitation—the graviton—remains hypothetical.
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