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Systems of Particles
Systems of Particles

... person and the cart is 0.400. Friction between the cart and ground can be neglected. (a) Find the final velocity of the person and cart relative to the ground. (b) Find the friction force acting on the person while he is sliding across the top surface of the cart. (c) How long does the friction forc ...
Systems of Particles
Systems of Particles

Systems of Particles
Systems of Particles

Cloud Electrification
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1210.0414v1
1210.0414v1

... correlations have been proposed to reveal the non-classical correlations that cannot be captured by entanglement measures [3]. Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) are critical changes in the ground states of many-body systems when one or more of its physical parameters are continuously changed at absol ...
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PHYS-102 LAB 2 Millikan Oil Drop Experiment
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... charged oil are suspended against the downward force of gravity using the interaction of electrical charges on the droplets and the electric field E between two charged parallel plates. By measuring the electric field E, the charge on the droplet could be deduced. By repeating this experiment multip ...
Chapter 26. Electric Charges and Forces
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... Two positively charged particles q1 and q2 = 3q1 are 10 cm apart. Where(other than at infinity) could a third charge q3 be placed so as to experience no net force. From the figure, you can see: At point A, above the axis, and at B, outside the charges, cannot possibly add to zero. However, at point ...
Atomic Emission Spectra – Copy
Atomic Emission Spectra – Copy

A Brief History of Modern Physics and the development of the
A Brief History of Modern Physics and the development of the

PowerPoint - IPPP Durham
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... • In the planar approximation, large number of colours limit Gluon= colour-anticolour pair • We can follow the colour structure of the parton shower. • At the end colour singlet pairs end up close in phase space. • Non-perturbatively split the gluons into quark-antiquark pairs. CTEQ School July 2006 ...
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Computation in a Topological Quantum Field Theory
Computation in a Topological Quantum Field Theory

... What we have described above is simply a pair of particles such that when one is moved around the other the state vector acquires a phase flip of −1. It follows that these particles can be viewed as anyons with exchange statistics which are a fourth root of unity. Now consider a more general case: a ...
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... Each of four particles moves along an x axis. Their coordinates (in meters) as functions of time (in seconds) are given by: particle 1: x(t) = 3.5 − 2.7t3 particle 2: x(t) = 3.5 +2.7t3 particle 3: x(t) = 3.5 +2.7t2 particle 4: x(t) = 3.5 − 3.4t − 2.7t2 Which of these particles have constant accelera ...
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lecture notes - Particle Physics, Lund University
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... FIGURE 2.20 The ratio of the shear viscosity of a fluid to its entropy density, denoted η/s, can be thought of as the “imperfection index” of a fluid, since it measures the degree to which internal friction damps out the flow of the fluid. Quantum mechanics dictates that there are no fluids with zer ...
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Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

... A photon with a wavelength of 620 nm is shot at a metal surface. A. What is the frequency of the photon? B. What is the energy of the photon? C. If the result is an electron being ejected with a kinetic energy of 1.2 x 10-19 J, what is the work function of the metal? ...
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... we just consider the particle and the wave models to be complementary to each other, after all they are only models and we don’t really know what light is The problem then becomes, it seems to me, not to decide between the two theories of X-rays, but to find … one theory which possesses the capacit ...
Electric Fields and Electric Potential QQ
Electric Fields and Electric Potential QQ

Arbitrary Steering of Multiple Particles Independently in an Electro-Osmotically Driven Microfluidic System
Arbitrary Steering of Multiple Particles Independently in an Electro-Osmotically Driven Microfluidic System

... of cells, bacteria, or proteins to chemical stimuli or to drugs, and to steer particles or drug packets to external parts for drug injection and delivery. To date, particle steering has usually been achieved in one of two ways. Particles can be steered, sorted, mixed, or separated by microfluidic pl ...
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Elementary particle



In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle whose substructure is unknown, thus it is unknown whether it is composed of other particles. Known elementary particles include the fundamental fermions (quarks, leptons, antiquarks, and antileptons), which generally are ""matter particles"" and ""antimatter particles"", as well as the fundamental bosons (gauge bosons and Higgs boson), which generally are ""force particles"" that mediate interactions among fermions. A particle containing two or more elementary particles is a composite particle.Everyday matter is composed of atoms, once presumed to be matter's elementary particles—atom meaning ""indivisible"" in Greek—although the atom's existence remained controversial until about 1910, as some leading physicists regarded molecules as mathematical illusions, and matter as ultimately composed of energy. Soon, subatomic constituents of the atom were identified. As the 1930s opened, the electron and the proton had been observed, along with the photon, the particle of electromagnetic radiation. At that time, the recent advent of quantum mechanics was radically altering the conception of particles, as a single particle could seemingly span a field as would a wave, a paradox still eluding satisfactory explanation.Via quantum theory, protons and neutrons were found to contain quarks—up quarks and down quarks—now considered elementary particles. And within a molecule, the electron's three degrees of freedom (charge, spin, orbital) can separate via wavefunction into three quasiparticles (holon, spinon, orbiton). Yet a free electron—which, not orbiting an atomic nucleus, lacks orbital motion—appears unsplittable and remains regarded as an elementary particle.Around 1980, an elementary particle's status as indeed elementary—an ultimate constituent of substance—was mostly discarded for a more practical outlook, embodied in particle physics' Standard Model, science's most experimentally successful theory. Many elaborations upon and theories beyond the Standard Model, including the extremely popular supersymmetry, double the number of elementary particles by hypothesizing that each known particle associates with a ""shadow"" partner far more massive, although all such superpartners remain undiscovered. Meanwhile, an elementary boson mediating gravitation—the graviton—remains hypothetical.
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