The Dynamic Planet Revealed - Frankfurt Institute for Advanced
... Ascending convection.-Ascending convection is associated with oceanic ridges (Hess 1962, Girdler 1965, Orowan 1965, 1966) . As mantle material rises beneath the ridge, it undergoes a nearly adiabatic pressure reduction and partial mel ting occurs. There is strong evidence that the upper mantle is o ...
... Ascending convection.-Ascending convection is associated with oceanic ridges (Hess 1962, Girdler 1965, Orowan 1965, 1966) . As mantle material rises beneath the ridge, it undergoes a nearly adiabatic pressure reduction and partial mel ting occurs. There is strong evidence that the upper mantle is o ...
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... intensely hot, there is such incredible pressure that the molecules of iron and nickel within it cannot spread out into a liquid. **** The molten metal liquid outer core moving around the solid metal inner core creates Earth’s magnetosphere that protects Earth from much of the Sun’s harmful radiatio ...
... intensely hot, there is such incredible pressure that the molecules of iron and nickel within it cannot spread out into a liquid. **** The molten metal liquid outer core moving around the solid metal inner core creates Earth’s magnetosphere that protects Earth from much of the Sun’s harmful radiatio ...
Chapter 14: The Internal Processes
... c) Theory of plate tectonics now generally accepted. d) Thirteen major plates and smaller ones are postulated; thought to be about 100 kilometers (60 miles) thick, and consist of both oceanic and continental crust. B. Plate Boundaries 1. Divergent boundary—type of plate association in which two plat ...
... c) Theory of plate tectonics now generally accepted. d) Thirteen major plates and smaller ones are postulated; thought to be about 100 kilometers (60 miles) thick, and consist of both oceanic and continental crust. B. Plate Boundaries 1. Divergent boundary—type of plate association in which two plat ...
chapter2
... Two models involving thermal convection cells have been proposed to explain plate movement. 1. thermal cells are restricted to the asthenosphere 2. the entire mantle is involved. ...
... Two models involving thermal convection cells have been proposed to explain plate movement. 1. thermal cells are restricted to the asthenosphere 2. the entire mantle is involved. ...
oceanic crust
... The Mantle The Mantle is the largest layer of the Earth. The middle mantle is composed of very hot dense rock that flows like asphalt under a heavy weight. The movement of the middle mantle (asthenosphere) is the reason that the crustal plates of the Earth move. ...
... The Mantle The Mantle is the largest layer of the Earth. The middle mantle is composed of very hot dense rock that flows like asphalt under a heavy weight. The movement of the middle mantle (asthenosphere) is the reason that the crustal plates of the Earth move. ...
unit 2 earth history lecture and study guide
... -Divergent zones can create ocean basins over time. - In the oceans, this zone forms the mid-oceanic ridge that rises high above the ocean floor. - Hot water escapes in fountains along these zones called “black smokers” which have some very exotic marine life forms that never see sunlight. b) Rift ( ...
... -Divergent zones can create ocean basins over time. - In the oceans, this zone forms the mid-oceanic ridge that rises high above the ocean floor. - Hot water escapes in fountains along these zones called “black smokers” which have some very exotic marine life forms that never see sunlight. b) Rift ( ...
First Exam, Spring 2013 Geology 1- Gavilan College
... a. using the law of superposition to compare the ages of rock layers. b. comparing fossils found in rock layers. c. placing events in their proper sequence or order without knowing their exact age in years. d. all of the above. e. using the decay of radioactive isotopes to find the age of a rock. 8. ...
... a. using the law of superposition to compare the ages of rock layers. b. comparing fossils found in rock layers. c. placing events in their proper sequence or order without knowing their exact age in years. d. all of the above. e. using the decay of radioactive isotopes to find the age of a rock. 8. ...
Plate Tectonics
... • When rocks break and move along surfaces, a fault forms. • Faults interrupt rock layers by moving them out of place. • Entire mountain ranges can form in the process, called faultblock mountains ...
... • When rocks break and move along surfaces, a fault forms. • Faults interrupt rock layers by moving them out of place. • Entire mountain ranges can form in the process, called faultblock mountains ...
Earth`s Crust - Student Handouts - PITA
... 21) Mt. St. Helens is a famous volcano in Washington state. It is a part of the volcanic mountain range (volcanic arc) called the Cascades, which was formed when the little Juan ___ Plate got pushed underneath the North American Plate. 23) The skinniest crust is strangely the most dense (heaviest). ...
... 21) Mt. St. Helens is a famous volcano in Washington state. It is a part of the volcanic mountain range (volcanic arc) called the Cascades, which was formed when the little Juan ___ Plate got pushed underneath the North American Plate. 23) The skinniest crust is strangely the most dense (heaviest). ...
Lesson Plan: Plate Tectonics
... E3.3A: Explain how plate tectonics accounts for the features and processes (sea floor spreading, mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, earthquakes and volcanoes, mountain ranges) that occur on or near the Earth’s surface. E3.3B: Explain why tectonic plates move using the concept of heat flowing throug ...
... E3.3A: Explain how plate tectonics accounts for the features and processes (sea floor spreading, mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, earthquakes and volcanoes, mountain ranges) that occur on or near the Earth’s surface. E3.3B: Explain why tectonic plates move using the concept of heat flowing throug ...
Lesson 4:
... Lesson 3, there are two kinds of crust—oceanic and continental. The lithosphere and the plates are made of these same kinds. A plate can be all oceanic, all continental, or part oceanic and part continental. Therefore, when two plates converge, there are three possible types of convergence. They are ...
... Lesson 3, there are two kinds of crust—oceanic and continental. The lithosphere and the plates are made of these same kinds. A plate can be all oceanic, all continental, or part oceanic and part continental. Therefore, when two plates converge, there are three possible types of convergence. They are ...
World Geography Chapter 2 and 3 Test
... _________________ ___________________refers to the process where rock is changed into a new substance as a result of the ...
... _________________ ___________________refers to the process where rock is changed into a new substance as a result of the ...
Why no volcanoes? Why are there no active volcanoes in Britain?
... edge of the Pacific Ocean, from Indonesia to Japan, Alaska, the USA, Central America and South America. These volcanoes all lie on the edges of the Pacific plate (or smaller plates close by). ...
... edge of the Pacific Ocean, from Indonesia to Japan, Alaska, the USA, Central America and South America. These volcanoes all lie on the edges of the Pacific plate (or smaller plates close by). ...
4. Where Volcanoes are Found PPT
... 3b - Students know the principal structures that form at the three different kinds of plate boundaries. 3c - Students know the explanation for the location and properties of volcanoes that are due to hot spots and the explanation for those that are due to subduction. ...
... 3b - Students know the principal structures that form at the three different kinds of plate boundaries. 3c - Students know the explanation for the location and properties of volcanoes that are due to hot spots and the explanation for those that are due to subduction. ...
Power Point print view
... Three Themes dominate the story of the evolving Earth • Solid Earth is composed of plates that move over Earth’s surface over time. This is explained by the Theory of Plate Tectonics • Earth’s biota – all of living things – has evolved or changed through history and is explained by the Theory of Or ...
... Three Themes dominate the story of the evolving Earth • Solid Earth is composed of plates that move over Earth’s surface over time. This is explained by the Theory of Plate Tectonics • Earth’s biota – all of living things – has evolved or changed through history and is explained by the Theory of Or ...
Seafloor Spreading
... Plate Boundaries Convergent Boundaries – When an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate, the denser oceanic plate is subducted. – Oceanic-continental convergence produces a trench and a series of volcanoes along the edge of the continental plate. – Two continental plates collide when an oc ...
... Plate Boundaries Convergent Boundaries – When an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate, the denser oceanic plate is subducted. – Oceanic-continental convergence produces a trench and a series of volcanoes along the edge of the continental plate. – Two continental plates collide when an oc ...
Where are Volcanoes Found?
... 3b - Students know the principal structures that form at the three different kinds of plate boundaries. 3c - Students know the explanation for the location and properties of volcanoes that are due to hot spots and the explanation for those that are due to subduction. ...
... 3b - Students know the principal structures that form at the three different kinds of plate boundaries. 3c - Students know the explanation for the location and properties of volcanoes that are due to hot spots and the explanation for those that are due to subduction. ...
ES Chapter 17
... Plate Boundaries Convergent Boundaries – When an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate, the denser oceanic plate is subducted. – Oceanic-continental convergence produces a trench and a series of volcanoes along the edge of the continental plate. – Two continental plates collide when an oc ...
... Plate Boundaries Convergent Boundaries – When an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate, the denser oceanic plate is subducted. – Oceanic-continental convergence produces a trench and a series of volcanoes along the edge of the continental plate. – Two continental plates collide when an oc ...
8_Ocean126_2006
... spreading centers Ridges devoid of sediment Oceanic ridges and associated structures account for 22% of the world’s surface (compare to all land which is 29%!) < 60% of their length is at the center of basins Youngest rocks at spreading centers Steeper ridges at slower spreading centers ...
... spreading centers Ridges devoid of sediment Oceanic ridges and associated structures account for 22% of the world’s surface (compare to all land which is 29%!) < 60% of their length is at the center of basins Youngest rocks at spreading centers Steeper ridges at slower spreading centers ...
plate tectonics - University of Alaska Fairbanks
... The concept that rigid lithospheric plates move relative to one another and interact at their boundaries has revolutionized how we think about geological processes and the evolution of the earth, and has led to many new insights about the earth. The concept of plate tectonics has implications for vi ...
... The concept that rigid lithospheric plates move relative to one another and interact at their boundaries has revolutionized how we think about geological processes and the evolution of the earth, and has led to many new insights about the earth. The concept of plate tectonics has implications for vi ...
Earth’s Layers
... • Soft – can bend like plastic, layer in the upper portion of the mantle • It is located right below the Lithosphere. Lithosphere floats on this layer (like jello) ...
... • Soft – can bend like plastic, layer in the upper portion of the mantle • It is located right below the Lithosphere. Lithosphere floats on this layer (like jello) ...
FREE Sample Here
... 12. Lithospheric plates: A. Only contain continental crust B. Only contain oceanic crust C. Collide with one another at the mid-ocean ridge D. Float on the upper mantle E. Are directly connected with the inner core of the earth ...
... 12. Lithospheric plates: A. Only contain continental crust B. Only contain oceanic crust C. Collide with one another at the mid-ocean ridge D. Float on the upper mantle E. Are directly connected with the inner core of the earth ...
FREE Sample Here - College Test bank
... B. Sea floor spreading C. Mid ocean ridge D. All of the above E. B and C only ...
... B. Sea floor spreading C. Mid ocean ridge D. All of the above E. B and C only ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.