Essential Question: How did the theory of Plate Tectonics evolve
... different sides of the (ocean, face). His (observations, family) led him to conclude that millions of years ago, the continents had all been attached as one large continent called Pangaea. They had gradually broken apart and drifted into their current positions. Scientists had a difficult time accep ...
... different sides of the (ocean, face). His (observations, family) led him to conclude that millions of years ago, the continents had all been attached as one large continent called Pangaea. They had gradually broken apart and drifted into their current positions. Scientists had a difficult time accep ...
Tsunami Geology - What Causes a Tsunami?
... What causes a tsunami?... A tsunami is a large ocean wave that is caused by sudden motion on the ocean floor. This sudden motion could be an earthquake, a powerful volcanic eruption, or an underwater landslide. The impact of a large meteorite could also cause a tsunami. Tsunamis travel across the op ...
... What causes a tsunami?... A tsunami is a large ocean wave that is caused by sudden motion on the ocean floor. This sudden motion could be an earthquake, a powerful volcanic eruption, or an underwater landslide. The impact of a large meteorite could also cause a tsunami. Tsunamis travel across the op ...
CLASS SET – DO NOT MARK ON THIS PAPER !!!
... 1. Examine your map. A bathymetric map shows what land looks like under a body of water like the ocean. 2. Find examples of the following features on your bathymetric map: mid-ocean ridges, deep ocean trenches, and mountain ranges. List one example of each from your map in the second column of Table ...
... 1. Examine your map. A bathymetric map shows what land looks like under a body of water like the ocean. 2. Find examples of the following features on your bathymetric map: mid-ocean ridges, deep ocean trenches, and mountain ranges. List one example of each from your map in the second column of Table ...
Student Handout - University of Louisville
... 4. Several bird species are threatened with extinction because their environment is being destroyed by human activity. 5. The Erath layer located above the Earth's inner core and below its mantle is called the outer core. 6. Convection currents are the main way to transfer heat from one area to anot ...
... 4. Several bird species are threatened with extinction because their environment is being destroyed by human activity. 5. The Erath layer located above the Earth's inner core and below its mantle is called the outer core. 6. Convection currents are the main way to transfer heat from one area to anot ...
Can a Horizontal Astronomical Driving Force and an
... Subduction is driven by buoyancy forces only, reflecting natural subduction systems. A 100-km-thick high-viscosity plate (oceanic lithosphere) overlies 900 km of lower-density mantle, subdivided into 560 km of low-viscosity upper mantle and 340 km of high-viscosity lower mantle, confined in a threed ...
... Subduction is driven by buoyancy forces only, reflecting natural subduction systems. A 100-km-thick high-viscosity plate (oceanic lithosphere) overlies 900 km of lower-density mantle, subdivided into 560 km of low-viscosity upper mantle and 340 km of high-viscosity lower mantle, confined in a threed ...
Ocean Features PPT
... B. Seamount and Island Chains • Seamounts cone shaped undersea mountain of volcanic origin • Can occur in chains or ridges and often have an active volcanic island at one end. • Hawaiian Islands are the best example. ...
... B. Seamount and Island Chains • Seamounts cone shaped undersea mountain of volcanic origin • Can occur in chains or ridges and often have an active volcanic island at one end. • Hawaiian Islands are the best example. ...
Diverging Plates: The Underlying Story
... lithosphere and asthenosphere. Simple concepts of a sharp boundary, for example, between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere have been useful in making first-order predictions from plate tectonic theory. However, we have now advanced past the stage where such simple ideas are sufficient, and we ne ...
... lithosphere and asthenosphere. Simple concepts of a sharp boundary, for example, between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere have been useful in making first-order predictions from plate tectonic theory. However, we have now advanced past the stage where such simple ideas are sufficient, and we ne ...
Homework Set 1
... to the base of the seismogenic zone? Explain your answer with a short paragraph that describes the size and extent of faults in both the vertical and horizontal directions inside the Earth’s crust. (or in other words, do faults go on forever in all directions, or do they have some finite size? Think ...
... to the base of the seismogenic zone? Explain your answer with a short paragraph that describes the size and extent of faults in both the vertical and horizontal directions inside the Earth’s crust. (or in other words, do faults go on forever in all directions, or do they have some finite size? Think ...
Geology of the Hawaiian Islands
... times of the P and S waves at a recording station is a function of the distance from the epicenter. ...
... times of the P and S waves at a recording station is a function of the distance from the epicenter. ...
The Troodos Ophiolite was probably formed at a RTT/RTF triple
... elements, but also relatively high Nb and Ta. Troodos lavas formed by decompression melting of upper mantle which was depleted by previous melting events, and enriched by fluids (Pb, U, Ba, Rb) and small degree melts (Nb, Ta). The geochemical characteristics of these lavas, and the absence of an ove ...
... elements, but also relatively high Nb and Ta. Troodos lavas formed by decompression melting of upper mantle which was depleted by previous melting events, and enriched by fluids (Pb, U, Ba, Rb) and small degree melts (Nb, Ta). The geochemical characteristics of these lavas, and the absence of an ove ...
On alternative models for the origin of time
... Archimedes law. When situated deeper than 50 km, the “blob” exists as an eclogite which is much denser that the ambient peridotite and must sink, if not supported by a plume upwelling or heated by it. When situated higher than the phase transition zone, it turns into gabbro which is much lighter tha ...
... Archimedes law. When situated deeper than 50 km, the “blob” exists as an eclogite which is much denser that the ambient peridotite and must sink, if not supported by a plume upwelling or heated by it. When situated higher than the phase transition zone, it turns into gabbro which is much lighter tha ...
Convergent Plate Margins, Subduction Zones, and
... Convergent Plate Margin: 2-D (surficial) plate boundary that is geometrically required for Plate Tectonic theory. Subduction Zone: 3-D region defined by asymmetric sinking of lithosphere into the mantle. Defined by earthquakes at depths <670 km and can be traced deeper with seismic tomography. Subdu ...
... Convergent Plate Margin: 2-D (surficial) plate boundary that is geometrically required for Plate Tectonic theory. Subduction Zone: 3-D region defined by asymmetric sinking of lithosphere into the mantle. Defined by earthquakes at depths <670 km and can be traced deeper with seismic tomography. Subdu ...
Investigation 5: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Mountains Vocabulary
... convergent plate boundaries. Scientists think this is because the ocean crust that is being subducted contains water. As the crust goes deeper into the Earth, the water is released from the rocks and helps to make more magma by lowering the temperature at which rocks melt. ...
... convergent plate boundaries. Scientists think this is because the ocean crust that is being subducted contains water. As the crust goes deeper into the Earth, the water is released from the rocks and helps to make more magma by lowering the temperature at which rocks melt. ...
OCEAN BASIN FLOOR - ES-Emerald(2010
... volcanic island arc- arc shaped row of active volcanoes ...
... volcanic island arc- arc shaped row of active volcanoes ...
Q1. In 1912 Wegener suggested his theory of continental drift. In
... (a) Most correct answers referred to the jigsaw fit of continents. Many students wrote about fossil fuels instead of fossils or completely forgot to mention that they were the same or similar. Also, a number of students wrote about the same animals or plants on the continents, not fossils, so no cre ...
... (a) Most correct answers referred to the jigsaw fit of continents. Many students wrote about fossil fuels instead of fossils or completely forgot to mention that they were the same or similar. Also, a number of students wrote about the same animals or plants on the continents, not fossils, so no cre ...
Mantle Convection in the Earth and Planets
... radiogenic sources and loss of primordial heat less from heating at base by core flow dominated by down‐ wellings ...
... radiogenic sources and loss of primordial heat less from heating at base by core flow dominated by down‐ wellings ...
Alper Midterm 1 Solution (1)
... can be recognized at trenches in ocean floors. Transforming: They occur when the plates at each side of the boundary slide trough each other. They can be recognized at transform faults. ...
... can be recognized at trenches in ocean floors. Transforming: They occur when the plates at each side of the boundary slide trough each other. They can be recognized at transform faults. ...
Plate Tectonic Models for Southern California
... laid down by currents on the ocean floor and chemically cemented together. The parent rock for green schist is in part basalt from the subducted Farallon Plate. As the Farallon Plate was subducting beneath North America, the greywacke was eventually carried down many miles where it was metamorphosed ...
... laid down by currents on the ocean floor and chemically cemented together. The parent rock for green schist is in part basalt from the subducted Farallon Plate. As the Farallon Plate was subducting beneath North America, the greywacke was eventually carried down many miles where it was metamorphosed ...
The Earth as a System - James Madison University
... For Rupture in the Earth's crust: A. Describe the difference between joints and faults. B. Draw or interpret block diagrams illustrating the differences between: Vertical, Normal, Reverse, Thrust, Right and Left Lateral, [Right and Left Strike-slip], Transform, and various Oblique faults. C. Specifi ...
... For Rupture in the Earth's crust: A. Describe the difference between joints and faults. B. Draw or interpret block diagrams illustrating the differences between: Vertical, Normal, Reverse, Thrust, Right and Left Lateral, [Right and Left Strike-slip], Transform, and various Oblique faults. C. Specifi ...
Earth Layers Creative Writing
... have two personalities. On Fridays, I am Mr. Limpert the science teacher and Limpertstein, the famous science singer. This relates to the lithosphere because it is made up of 2 parts. It is both part of the crust and upper mantle. The second way I resemble the lithosphere is because I love to juggle ...
... have two personalities. On Fridays, I am Mr. Limpert the science teacher and Limpertstein, the famous science singer. This relates to the lithosphere because it is made up of 2 parts. It is both part of the crust and upper mantle. The second way I resemble the lithosphere is because I love to juggle ...
Unit 7 Lesson 1 Forces that Change the Earth
... divergent plate boundary under the ocean sea-floor spreading: the process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor deep-ocean trench: a deep valley along the ocean floor beneath which oceanic crust slowly sinks toward the mantle subduction: the process by which oceanic crus ...
... divergent plate boundary under the ocean sea-floor spreading: the process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor deep-ocean trench: a deep valley along the ocean floor beneath which oceanic crust slowly sinks toward the mantle subduction: the process by which oceanic crus ...
Evolution of the Pacific Margin: Progress and Future
... history of accreted material complemented by studies within the magmatic belt (geochronologic, geochemical and structural) provide a better understanding of NE Russian arc systems ...
... history of accreted material complemented by studies within the magmatic belt (geochronologic, geochemical and structural) provide a better understanding of NE Russian arc systems ...
Matching Continental Margins
... Deep sea mid-oceanic ridges occur where the plates are _________ ________________________, pushed apart by the magma moving up to the surface. New rock is formed at the mid-ocean ridges. Spreading Zones between Continental Plates New rock is formed at mid-ocean ridges as magma pours out from beneath ...
... Deep sea mid-oceanic ridges occur where the plates are _________ ________________________, pushed apart by the magma moving up to the surface. New rock is formed at the mid-ocean ridges. Spreading Zones between Continental Plates New rock is formed at mid-ocean ridges as magma pours out from beneath ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.