Why is there Lithosphere
... TEACHER PAGES NOTE: For this activity, the “crust” represents only the oceanic crust. The focus of the activity is to study the effect of temperature on the mantle’s texture. ...
... TEACHER PAGES NOTE: For this activity, the “crust” represents only the oceanic crust. The focus of the activity is to study the effect of temperature on the mantle’s texture. ...
Chapter-11 Mountain Building
... through compressional stress Before two continents can collide the ocean basin between them must close: Subduction Himalayas formed by the ocean basin between India and Tibet closed due to Subduction. ...
... through compressional stress Before two continents can collide the ocean basin between them must close: Subduction Himalayas formed by the ocean basin between India and Tibet closed due to Subduction. ...
Mountains are Mountains, Aren`t They
... such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions on a human time scale, but many processes such as mountain building and plate movements take place over hundreds of millions of years. ...
... such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions on a human time scale, but many processes such as mountain building and plate movements take place over hundreds of millions of years. ...
Words of the Day
... 92). Trench: A steep sided valley in the ocean formed from a subduction boundary. ...
... 92). Trench: A steep sided valley in the ocean formed from a subduction boundary. ...
EQ AND INTERIOR online
... 14. Are any of these earthquakes intermediate to deep focus? (that is, > 80 km deep) If so, what is the likely tectonic setting? (that is, at what type of plate boundary did the earthquake occur?) 15. For each of the earthquakes, determine if the quake occurred along a plate boundary or in the middl ...
... 14. Are any of these earthquakes intermediate to deep focus? (that is, > 80 km deep) If so, what is the likely tectonic setting? (that is, at what type of plate boundary did the earthquake occur?) 15. For each of the earthquakes, determine if the quake occurred along a plate boundary or in the middl ...
Final Exam Review Guide
... Energy and matter: Flows, cycles, and conservation. Tracking fluxes of energy and matter into, out of, and within systems helps one understand the systems’ possibilities and limitations. Structure and function: The way in which an object or living thing is shaped and its substructure determine m ...
... Energy and matter: Flows, cycles, and conservation. Tracking fluxes of energy and matter into, out of, and within systems helps one understand the systems’ possibilities and limitations. Structure and function: The way in which an object or living thing is shaped and its substructure determine m ...
Origin of Magma
... 3) How do magmas form at divergent plate margins? 4) How do magmas form at convergent plate margins? 5) How do magmas form in the middle of plates? How do the rocks of the upper mantle and lower crust melt to produce magmas? A common answer that people give is that increased temperature will cause a ...
... 3) How do magmas form at divergent plate margins? 4) How do magmas form at convergent plate margins? 5) How do magmas form in the middle of plates? How do the rocks of the upper mantle and lower crust melt to produce magmas? A common answer that people give is that increased temperature will cause a ...
4 Deforming the Earth`s Crust
... Volcanic mountains can form on land or on the ocean floor. Volcanoes on the ocean floor can grow so tall that they rise above the surface of the ocean. These volcanoes form islands, such as the Hawaiian Islands. Most of Earth’s active volcanoes are concentrated around the edge of the Pacific Ocean. ...
... Volcanic mountains can form on land or on the ocean floor. Volcanoes on the ocean floor can grow so tall that they rise above the surface of the ocean. These volcanoes form islands, such as the Hawaiian Islands. Most of Earth’s active volcanoes are concentrated around the edge of the Pacific Ocean. ...
HANDOUTB
... fifteen large, major plates and several smaller ones. The Earth is not one large solid piece, as most people think. The plates move very slowly across the upper part of the mantle,where they float on a layer called the asthenosphere. This layer is thick, extremely hot and plastic-like. The edges of ...
... fifteen large, major plates and several smaller ones. The Earth is not one large solid piece, as most people think. The plates move very slowly across the upper part of the mantle,where they float on a layer called the asthenosphere. This layer is thick, extremely hot and plastic-like. The edges of ...
Lecture 45 - Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
... (essentially the same idea as Boyet and Carlson). Collisions are also energetic enough to intermittently blast away a fraction of this crust and the incompatible elements in it. At the end of the process, the planet is depleted in incompatible trace elements (is not a significant effect for major el ...
... (essentially the same idea as Boyet and Carlson). Collisions are also energetic enough to intermittently blast away a fraction of this crust and the incompatible elements in it. At the end of the process, the planet is depleted in incompatible trace elements (is not a significant effect for major el ...
plate tectonics lecture notes
... the mechanism that drives plate tectonics is unknown. • However, unlike before the evidence that plates move is so strong that most scienBsts accept the model even though there is no universally accept ...
... the mechanism that drives plate tectonics is unknown. • However, unlike before the evidence that plates move is so strong that most scienBsts accept the model even though there is no universally accept ...
CTY Course Syllabus: Dynamic Earth
... Lab - Plate puzzles (4 part plate assembling with increased geologic evidence). ...
... Lab - Plate puzzles (4 part plate assembling with increased geologic evidence). ...
Seismic Waves - Fort Thomas Independent Schools
... • Mantle: iron-rich rock (FeMg-Peridotite) [3.3–5.7 g/cm3] • Crust: aluminum and magnesium rich rock • Continental Crust: SiAl (rock) less dense [2.7 g/cm3] • Oceanic Crust: SiMa (rock) darker, more dense [3.0 g/cm3] ...
... • Mantle: iron-rich rock (FeMg-Peridotite) [3.3–5.7 g/cm3] • Crust: aluminum and magnesium rich rock • Continental Crust: SiAl (rock) less dense [2.7 g/cm3] • Oceanic Crust: SiMa (rock) darker, more dense [3.0 g/cm3] ...
Lesson Plans for Plate Tectonics
... ) the asthenosphere lies between about 100 kilometers (62 miles) and 410 kilometers (255 miles) beneath Earth’s surface. If we make the distance through the asthenosphere the DIAMETER of a circle, what would the circumference of the circle be? (pi times d) Again, show your problem setup, not just th ...
... ) the asthenosphere lies between about 100 kilometers (62 miles) and 410 kilometers (255 miles) beneath Earth’s surface. If we make the distance through the asthenosphere the DIAMETER of a circle, what would the circumference of the circle be? (pi times d) Again, show your problem setup, not just th ...
Southernmost Algeria is farther from Algiers than is London
... separate entities – it is arguable that parts of what we call Asia are in fact separate from the true continent of Asia. For example India, whose tectonic plate happens to have collided with the Asian plate, giving rise to the Himalayan range (and possibly the European Alps too!) – So rather than be ...
... separate entities – it is arguable that parts of what we call Asia are in fact separate from the true continent of Asia. For example India, whose tectonic plate happens to have collided with the Asian plate, giving rise to the Himalayan range (and possibly the European Alps too!) – So rather than be ...
sample questions
... 3. The dollar loss, in the USA, from natural disasters increased significantly in the 1990s. What is the most probable explanation for this? a. more large earthquakes b. increased population density c. inflation d. El Niño derived storms e. bad engineering practice 4. Most of the rocks of the earth' ...
... 3. The dollar loss, in the USA, from natural disasters increased significantly in the 1990s. What is the most probable explanation for this? a. more large earthquakes b. increased population density c. inflation d. El Niño derived storms e. bad engineering practice 4. Most of the rocks of the earth' ...
Geological Landforms of the ocean floor
... the bottom of the ocean, there is a central ridge (or mountain range) that divides the ocean floor into two parts. These ...
... the bottom of the ocean, there is a central ridge (or mountain range) that divides the ocean floor into two parts. These ...
Kinematics of Plate Tectonics
... Plate accretion occurs via decompression melting, where the nearly isothermal asthenosphere ascends beneath a spreading center and crosses the solidus for the basaltic component ...
... Plate accretion occurs via decompression melting, where the nearly isothermal asthenosphere ascends beneath a spreading center and crosses the solidus for the basaltic component ...
The 2.69 GA Paringa basalts: Crustal recycling into the
... are compositionally distinct from Mg-rich continental flood basalts that feature greater contents of Ti, and other incompatible elements, with fractionated HREE, or boninites, picrites, or medium-K basalts from intraoceanic arcs. Rather, these basalts are interpreted to result from recycling of olde ...
... are compositionally distinct from Mg-rich continental flood basalts that feature greater contents of Ti, and other incompatible elements, with fractionated HREE, or boninites, picrites, or medium-K basalts from intraoceanic arcs. Rather, these basalts are interpreted to result from recycling of olde ...
Introduction to Plate Tectonics
... and warm colors (yellow and reds) representing high elevations. Solid lines show the plate boundaries and plate names are given by orange label. Dots give earthquake locations and are colored by depth beneath the surface of the Earth (red = shallow and blue = deep). Question 1: Where is the plate bo ...
... and warm colors (yellow and reds) representing high elevations. Solid lines show the plate boundaries and plate names are given by orange label. Dots give earthquake locations and are colored by depth beneath the surface of the Earth (red = shallow and blue = deep). Question 1: Where is the plate bo ...
Volcano and Geologic Time Summary Sheet
... 1. volcano: a cone-shaped mountain where magma, solids, and gases are released 2. magma: molten rock found inside the Earth 3. lava: molten rock found on the Earth’s surface 4. viscosity: thickness of lava a. depends on the amount of silica b. the more silica, the thicker the lava is 5. How do volca ...
... 1. volcano: a cone-shaped mountain where magma, solids, and gases are released 2. magma: molten rock found inside the Earth 3. lava: molten rock found on the Earth’s surface 4. viscosity: thickness of lava a. depends on the amount of silica b. the more silica, the thicker the lava is 5. How do volca ...
Growth of Archean continental crust in oceanic
... (2012, p. 363) use two different approaches to address the geodynamic setting of Eoarchean TTGs, but reach similar conclusions. These studies demonstrate independently that the geochemical characteristics of Eoarchean TTGs are consistent with melting of subduction-derived mafic lavas, such as tholei ...
... (2012, p. 363) use two different approaches to address the geodynamic setting of Eoarchean TTGs, but reach similar conclusions. These studies demonstrate independently that the geochemical characteristics of Eoarchean TTGs are consistent with melting of subduction-derived mafic lavas, such as tholei ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.