Drift Theory and Plate Tectonics: A Case of Embedding
... Moulines’ notion of replacement, which refers to cases where a theory is completely replaced by another one with similar intended applications, although very different from a conceptual point of view. The superseding of Ptolemaic astronomy by Copernican astronomy or that of the phlogiston theory of ...
... Moulines’ notion of replacement, which refers to cases where a theory is completely replaced by another one with similar intended applications, although very different from a conceptual point of view. The superseding of Ptolemaic astronomy by Copernican astronomy or that of the phlogiston theory of ...
Week 2 Essential Reading
... Penck. According [() the Davisian model, upJifi: and pla nation take place alrernately. Bur, in many landscapes, uplift and denudarion occur ar (he .lame rime. The con rinuoll.'; and gradual interacrion of rectonic processes and denudation leads ro a different model of landscape evo lution , in w ...
... Penck. According [() the Davisian model, upJifi: and pla nation take place alrernately. Bur, in many landscapes, uplift and denudarion occur ar (he .lame rime. The con rinuoll.'; and gradual interacrion of rectonic processes and denudation leads ro a different model of landscape evo lution , in w ...
Plate Tectonics II: Making Mountains & Volcanism
... Ocean floor material made at spreading ridges Moved off to the side by mantle convection ...
... Ocean floor material made at spreading ridges Moved off to the side by mantle convection ...
compositional and thermal differences between lithospheric and
... temperature adiabatic distribution within the asthenosphere, its value at the given parameters ranges from 1350 °C to 1400 °C. Density inversion at dry conditions occurs with the identical lithospheric and asthenospheric compositions at the expense of the temperature difference at 100 °C with the de ...
... temperature adiabatic distribution within the asthenosphere, its value at the given parameters ranges from 1350 °C to 1400 °C. Density inversion at dry conditions occurs with the identical lithospheric and asthenospheric compositions at the expense of the temperature difference at 100 °C with the de ...
GREAT LISBON EARTHQUAKE
... Puerto Rico Trench, the Antilles subductioin zone around the eastern Caribbean, and the South Sandwich Trench south of South America. These are smaller and much less active than the subduction zones that circle the Pacific. Relatively mild tsunamis have hit Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands half a ...
... Puerto Rico Trench, the Antilles subductioin zone around the eastern Caribbean, and the South Sandwich Trench south of South America. These are smaller and much less active than the subduction zones that circle the Pacific. Relatively mild tsunamis have hit Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands half a ...
planetary geology
... • Comparisons of the interiors of planets can also give us clues. • The composition of the solar nebula was roughly homogeneous during the epoch of planetary formation. – Smaller planets should have smaller cores proportional to their size. – Mercury and the Moon don’t follow the rule. ...
... • Comparisons of the interiors of planets can also give us clues. • The composition of the solar nebula was roughly homogeneous during the epoch of planetary formation. – Smaller planets should have smaller cores proportional to their size. – Mercury and the Moon don’t follow the rule. ...
Faults Folds and Mountains
... • Enormous mountain ranges form when plates converge. • Contorted rocks show the power of plate tectonics. • Formerly horizontal layers are twisted, bent, or broken. • Some folded rocks are pushed over on their sides, or even upside down. ...
... • Enormous mountain ranges form when plates converge. • Contorted rocks show the power of plate tectonics. • Formerly horizontal layers are twisted, bent, or broken. • Some folded rocks are pushed over on their sides, or even upside down. ...
Environmental Science THE DYNAMIC EARTH Good overview with
... These plates glide across the underlying asthenosphere in much the same way as ice glides across a pond. The continents are located on tectonic plate and move around with them. The major tectonic plates include the Pacific, North American, South American, African, Eurasian, and Antarctic plates. (se ...
... These plates glide across the underlying asthenosphere in much the same way as ice glides across a pond. The continents are located on tectonic plate and move around with them. The major tectonic plates include the Pacific, North American, South American, African, Eurasian, and Antarctic plates. (se ...
No Slide Title
... PARKS and PLATES: Chapter 1: Plate Tectonics Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie ...
... PARKS and PLATES: Chapter 1: Plate Tectonics Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie ...
Alpine–Himalayan orogenic belt
... Arabian Plate • In the Gulf of Aden – Earth's crust had stretched and thinned enough – by Late Miocene time – for upwelling basaltic magma to form new oceanic crust ...
... Arabian Plate • In the Gulf of Aden – Earth's crust had stretched and thinned enough – by Late Miocene time – for upwelling basaltic magma to form new oceanic crust ...
Essay
... earthquake hazards along each type of plate edge. In this drawing/explanation you should recognize three types of boundaries (where plates interact along the edgesthese three are convergent, divergent and transform); now link each plate edge to a real region on Earth where this type of boundary exis ...
... earthquake hazards along each type of plate edge. In this drawing/explanation you should recognize three types of boundaries (where plates interact along the edgesthese three are convergent, divergent and transform); now link each plate edge to a real region on Earth where this type of boundary exis ...
Convection Currents and the Mantle
... a hot pot of soup. The transfer of heat by the movement of a heated fluid is called convection. Fluids include liquids and gases. During convection, heated particles of a fluid begin to flow, transferring heat energy from one part of the fluid to another. Heat transfer by convection is caused by dif ...
... a hot pot of soup. The transfer of heat by the movement of a heated fluid is called convection. Fluids include liquids and gases. During convection, heated particles of a fluid begin to flow, transferring heat energy from one part of the fluid to another. Heat transfer by convection is caused by dif ...
SEISMIC AND ASEISMIC SLIP ALONG SUBDUCTION ZONES AND
... area of lithospheric contact at various subduction zones. This paper extends the previous paper [Kanamori, 197lb] by including more recent data from great earthquakes. Inclusion of these recent data strengthens the conclusions of the previous paper. It is almost certain that the degree of mechanical ...
... area of lithospheric contact at various subduction zones. This paper extends the previous paper [Kanamori, 197lb] by including more recent data from great earthquakes. Inclusion of these recent data strengthens the conclusions of the previous paper. It is almost certain that the degree of mechanical ...
CRCT Earth Science Review 6
... A Rock loses cohesion and allows water to flow into newly opened spaces. B Rock slips along a fault, releases energy as seismic waves, and returns to its original shape. C Rock changes shape, but does not release significant amounts of energy. D Rock becomes compacted under pressure and realigns its ...
... A Rock loses cohesion and allows water to flow into newly opened spaces. B Rock slips along a fault, releases energy as seismic waves, and returns to its original shape. C Rock changes shape, but does not release significant amounts of energy. D Rock becomes compacted under pressure and realigns its ...
Why study fault lines - opotikicollegeearthscience
... • The work involves scientists from several disciplines working together, using different methods, such as: • detailed mapping and satellite surveying • digging trenches to find buried evidence, such as landslides • dating trees buried by landslides using radiocarbon dating and tree growth rings. S ...
... • The work involves scientists from several disciplines working together, using different methods, such as: • detailed mapping and satellite surveying • digging trenches to find buried evidence, such as landslides • dating trees buried by landslides using radiocarbon dating and tree growth rings. S ...
Moores and Twiss chapter 5
... Southwest of this triple junction, the East Pacific Rise extends for about two thousand kilometers, offset by a number of transform faults, to the Galapagos ridge-ridge-ridge triple junction (GTJ). From this junction, the Galapagos Rift (Ga) extends eastward until it cbnnects with a transform fault ...
... Southwest of this triple junction, the East Pacific Rise extends for about two thousand kilometers, offset by a number of transform faults, to the Galapagos ridge-ridge-ridge triple junction (GTJ). From this junction, the Galapagos Rift (Ga) extends eastward until it cbnnects with a transform fault ...
9: Earthquakes
... by measuring the amplitude (maximum displacement) of the largest seismic wave recorded. A logarithmic scale is used to express magnitude, in which a tenfold increase in ground shaking corresponds to an increase of 1 on the magnitude scale. Moment magnitude is currently used to estimate the size of m ...
... by measuring the amplitude (maximum displacement) of the largest seismic wave recorded. A logarithmic scale is used to express magnitude, in which a tenfold increase in ground shaking corresponds to an increase of 1 on the magnitude scale. Moment magnitude is currently used to estimate the size of m ...
Lesson Sample Part 2
... Long plate boundaries interacting with each other form the long chains. 4. mountains are usually near plate boundaries? Plates pushing up due to their colliding or convergence. 5. mountains can form underwater in the oceans? From volcanoes or sea floor spreading, plates pushing up. ...
... Long plate boundaries interacting with each other form the long chains. 4. mountains are usually near plate boundaries? Plates pushing up due to their colliding or convergence. 5. mountains can form underwater in the oceans? From volcanoes or sea floor spreading, plates pushing up. ...
Mid Term I: KEY - earthjay science
... (40) 1 pts. The oldest rocks of the oceanic crust are found in deep ocean trenches far away from active, mid‐ocean ridges. T/F (41) 1 pts. In general, rocks of the continental crust are less dense than rocks of the oceanic crust. T/F (42) 1 pts. The Himalayan Mountains are the tectonic ...
... (40) 1 pts. The oldest rocks of the oceanic crust are found in deep ocean trenches far away from active, mid‐ocean ridges. T/F (41) 1 pts. In general, rocks of the continental crust are less dense than rocks of the oceanic crust. T/F (42) 1 pts. The Himalayan Mountains are the tectonic ...
Earthquake size distribution in subduction zones
... reheating events. Therefore, plate age and slab buoyancy are well correlated in slabs younger than about 80 Ma, but this correlation breaks down for older slabs. Consequently, the correlation between the b-value and plate age may become less clear for older slabs. In Supplementary Fig. 2, we compare ...
... reheating events. Therefore, plate age and slab buoyancy are well correlated in slabs younger than about 80 Ma, but this correlation breaks down for older slabs. Consequently, the correlation between the b-value and plate age may become less clear for older slabs. In Supplementary Fig. 2, we compare ...
THE AZORES
... Figure 1: A Bathometric image showing the location of the Azores plateau at the transtentional junction between the Eurasia, North American and African plates. (Metrich et al. 2014) ...
... Figure 1: A Bathometric image showing the location of the Azores plateau at the transtentional junction between the Eurasia, North American and African plates. (Metrich et al. 2014) ...
Tectonically asymmetric Earth - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra
... track at the surface records only the relative motion of the lithosphere from the source depth, disregarding the part of decoupling below it. Most of the disagreement on the source depth of hotspots (i.e., deep, at the core-mantle boundary, or shallow, within the asthenosphere) derives from a series ...
... track at the surface records only the relative motion of the lithosphere from the source depth, disregarding the part of decoupling below it. Most of the disagreement on the source depth of hotspots (i.e., deep, at the core-mantle boundary, or shallow, within the asthenosphere) derives from a series ...
The Westward Drift of the Lithosphere: A rotational drag?
... an active pull from only that part of a slab between depths of 50 km and 350 km, and considering for example the Marianas slab, the following concerns can be envisaged. The negative buoyancy of about 300 km long slab should be able to pull the 10,000 km long Pacific plate, overcoming the friction at ...
... an active pull from only that part of a slab between depths of 50 km and 350 km, and considering for example the Marianas slab, the following concerns can be envisaged. The negative buoyancy of about 300 km long slab should be able to pull the 10,000 km long Pacific plate, overcoming the friction at ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.