GeologyJeopardy
... collaboratively, including at a distance, to support individual learning and contribute to the learning of others. ...
... collaboratively, including at a distance, to support individual learning and contribute to the learning of others. ...
Short report on cruise M62-4 Mid-ocean ridges are first order plate
... Short report on cruise M62-4 Mid-ocean ridges are first order plate tectonic features. Here, the plates are pulled apart, the asthenosphere wells up to fill the gap and by a combination of pressure release melting and cooling creates new lithosphere. However the process is not twodimensional as mid- ...
... Short report on cruise M62-4 Mid-ocean ridges are first order plate tectonic features. Here, the plates are pulled apart, the asthenosphere wells up to fill the gap and by a combination of pressure release melting and cooling creates new lithosphere. However the process is not twodimensional as mid- ...
B6 Isostacy B6.1 Airy and Pratt hypotheses
... Figure 9.59 from Fowler (2005) shows the Free Air gravity anomaly across the Chile Trench and Andes at 23° S, taken from Grow and Bowin, (1975). Like many subduction zones, this model shows a characteristic pair of low-high gravity anomalies. Note that the gravity modelling includes the phase transi ...
... Figure 9.59 from Fowler (2005) shows the Free Air gravity anomaly across the Chile Trench and Andes at 23° S, taken from Grow and Bowin, (1975). Like many subduction zones, this model shows a characteristic pair of low-high gravity anomalies. Note that the gravity modelling includes the phase transi ...
GY 111 Lecture Note Series Mountain Building 1
... granite, and the two plates are now firmly stuck. The part of the Indian Plate south of India is still moving north at a rapid rate, but the front end of the plate (the part stuck under Tibet), isn't moving at all any more. It makes you wonder if and when (and where) the forward motion of the rest o ...
... granite, and the two plates are now firmly stuck. The part of the Indian Plate south of India is still moving north at a rapid rate, but the front end of the plate (the part stuck under Tibet), isn't moving at all any more. It makes you wonder if and when (and where) the forward motion of the rest o ...
Nakajima_etal_GRL200.. - Research School of Earth Sciences
... obliquely subducting plates, the Philippine Sea and Pacific plates [Seno et al., 1996] (Figure 1). An area of slab-slab contact, where the bottom of the Philippine Sea slab is in contact with the upper surface of the Pacific slab, is defined beneath Kanto on the basis of high-resolution seismic velo ...
... obliquely subducting plates, the Philippine Sea and Pacific plates [Seno et al., 1996] (Figure 1). An area of slab-slab contact, where the bottom of the Philippine Sea slab is in contact with the upper surface of the Pacific slab, is defined beneath Kanto on the basis of high-resolution seismic velo ...
Convergence and Collision
... volcanic arc. (b) Photo of the central Himalaya Mountains, Nepal. The highest peak, which appears to be nucleating a cloud, is Mt. Everest, the highest mountain on Earth. ...
... volcanic arc. (b) Photo of the central Himalaya Mountains, Nepal. The highest peak, which appears to be nucleating a cloud, is Mt. Everest, the highest mountain on Earth. ...
thermal structure of the crust and upper mantle of romania
... the crust and mantle contributions of 7-12 mW m-* and 30-54 mW m-*, respectively. The existence of such thermal differences going down to the base of the crust is also supported by the idea that the Ciuregti-Videle fault is a deep one, along which linear eruptions ...
... the crust and mantle contributions of 7-12 mW m-* and 30-54 mW m-*, respectively. The existence of such thermal differences going down to the base of the crust is also supported by the idea that the Ciuregti-Videle fault is a deep one, along which linear eruptions ...
Quantifying the net slab pull force as a driving mechanism for plate
... 1. Introduction [2] Plate tectonic theory provides explanations for numerous large-scale features on Earth, such as mid-oceanic ridges, trenches and mountain chains. The theory is well established and its kinematic framework is generally accepted. However, considerable debate remains about the drivi ...
... 1. Introduction [2] Plate tectonic theory provides explanations for numerous large-scale features on Earth, such as mid-oceanic ridges, trenches and mountain chains. The theory is well established and its kinematic framework is generally accepted. However, considerable debate remains about the drivi ...
Geo-neutrinos - Neutrino Champagne 2009
... • Mixture felsic/mafic rocks in the UC and LC • Time-Depth conversion of velocities of the crustal layers • Matching between the types of rocks and observed vp data ...
... • Mixture felsic/mafic rocks in the UC and LC • Time-Depth conversion of velocities of the crustal layers • Matching between the types of rocks and observed vp data ...
Subduction and eduction of continental crust: major mechanisms
... and in the WGR (see above) show that complete eclogitization is highly unlikely. An obvious way to avoid the isostatic problem is by subducting crustal rocks beneath heavy mantle as suggested in Fig. 2a. This model implies that a velocity and density inversion was formed in the lower part of the thi ...
... and in the WGR (see above) show that complete eclogitization is highly unlikely. An obvious way to avoid the isostatic problem is by subducting crustal rocks beneath heavy mantle as suggested in Fig. 2a. This model implies that a velocity and density inversion was formed in the lower part of the thi ...
PostTest
... ____ 11. The characateristics of mountains can be used as physical evidence of how Earth has changed over long periods of time. When mountains are young and have recently formed, they have jagged edges and high peaks. Since weathering and erosion are constantly changing Earth’s surface, which of the ...
... ____ 11. The characateristics of mountains can be used as physical evidence of how Earth has changed over long periods of time. When mountains are young and have recently formed, they have jagged edges and high peaks. Since weathering and erosion are constantly changing Earth’s surface, which of the ...
Sample Pre-Test
... 51.) The Himalaya Mountains are thought to have resulted from continental collision. (a) true (b) false 52.) According to the plate tectonics theory, the world’s larges mountain systems (like the Himalayas or the Appalachians) were produced along divergent plate boundaries. (a) true (b) false ...
... 51.) The Himalaya Mountains are thought to have resulted from continental collision. (a) true (b) false 52.) According to the plate tectonics theory, the world’s larges mountain systems (like the Himalayas or the Appalachians) were produced along divergent plate boundaries. (a) true (b) false ...
Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building - e
... If the movement is in the direction of the fault's dip (or inclination), then the rock above the fault plane is the hanging wall block, and the rock below the fault is the footwall block. If the hanging wall moves: • down relative to the footwall, the fault is a normal fault. • up relative to the fo ...
... If the movement is in the direction of the fault's dip (or inclination), then the rock above the fault plane is the hanging wall block, and the rock below the fault is the footwall block. If the hanging wall moves: • down relative to the footwall, the fault is a normal fault. • up relative to the fo ...
Chapter 2 Lecture Powerpoint.
... – Denser plate is subducted – Deep trenches generated – Volcanic island arcs generated ...
... – Denser plate is subducted – Deep trenches generated – Volcanic island arcs generated ...
Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor
... – Denser plate is subducted – Deep trenches generated – Volcanic island arcs generated ...
... – Denser plate is subducted – Deep trenches generated – Volcanic island arcs generated ...
ch07 - earthjay science
... Buoyancy and floating of the Earth's crust on the mantle. Denser oceanic crust floats lower, forming ocean basins. Less dense continental crust floats higher, forming ...
... Buoyancy and floating of the Earth's crust on the mantle. Denser oceanic crust floats lower, forming ocean basins. Less dense continental crust floats higher, forming ...
Yogo_et_al._Slab Edg.. - UNC
... between Aleutian adakites and `normal' arc volcanic rocks of the Klyuchevskoy group. These data show that the rocks of the Sheveluch area are chemically distinctive in ways that are consistent with the possible presence of a slab-melt component in their source. The strong adakite geochemical signatu ...
... between Aleutian adakites and `normal' arc volcanic rocks of the Klyuchevskoy group. These data show that the rocks of the Sheveluch area are chemically distinctive in ways that are consistent with the possible presence of a slab-melt component in their source. The strong adakite geochemical signatu ...
Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and Magnetic Polarity Reversal
... located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, and it separates the Eurasian Plate from the North American Plate in the North Atlantic, and the African Plate from the South American Plate in the South Atlantic. The mid ocean ridge systems are the largest geological features on the planet. The Mid-At ...
... located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, and it separates the Eurasian Plate from the North American Plate in the North Atlantic, and the African Plate from the South American Plate in the South Atlantic. The mid ocean ridge systems are the largest geological features on the planet. The Mid-At ...
Plate Tectonics Teacher Assessment User Manual
... know in order to relate the content to students. 2. Knowledge that alternative frameworks for thinking about the content exist When teachers have deep knowledge of disciplinary content and recognize that different ways of organizing ideas exist, they can focus on helping students understand the impo ...
... know in order to relate the content to students. 2. Knowledge that alternative frameworks for thinking about the content exist When teachers have deep knowledge of disciplinary content and recognize that different ways of organizing ideas exist, they can focus on helping students understand the impo ...
Plate motions, Andean orogeny, and volcanism above the
... al., 2004), by converting the seismic velocity structure below 300 km into a density structure using a conversion factor set to 0.15 g cm-3 km-1 s, as in the earlier models of Conrad and Behn (2010), after Karato and Karki (2001). This conversion is done under the arguable assumption that all anomal ...
... al., 2004), by converting the seismic velocity structure below 300 km into a density structure using a conversion factor set to 0.15 g cm-3 km-1 s, as in the earlier models of Conrad and Behn (2010), after Karato and Karki (2001). This conversion is done under the arguable assumption that all anomal ...
Chemical Geodynamics
... 206Pb/204Pb. But Th/U is high (due to scavenging of Th from seawater), so 208Pb/204Pb increases faster. – Because Sr/Pb and Nd/Pb ratios are lower than in other components, mixing arrays towards EMII should be strongly curved in isotope ratio-ratio space, as observed. – Even though sediment signatur ...
... 206Pb/204Pb. But Th/U is high (due to scavenging of Th from seawater), so 208Pb/204Pb increases faster. – Because Sr/Pb and Nd/Pb ratios are lower than in other components, mixing arrays towards EMII should be strongly curved in isotope ratio-ratio space, as observed. – Even though sediment signatur ...
Epeirogenic uplift above a detached slab in northern Central America
... buoyant upper-plate response to the influx of mantle asthenosphere following the breakoff and sinking of the slab. Keywords: uplift, slab break-off, Central America, entrenched meanders, tomography. INTRODUCTION The origin of anomalous topographic relief distal from plate margins remains an unresolv ...
... buoyant upper-plate response to the influx of mantle asthenosphere following the breakoff and sinking of the slab. Keywords: uplift, slab break-off, Central America, entrenched meanders, tomography. INTRODUCTION The origin of anomalous topographic relief distal from plate margins remains an unresolv ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.