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... Declarative (nonprocedural) – user specifies what data is required without specifying how to get the data ...
The relational database model - GITTA
The relational database model - GITTA

... 1. The relational database model The relational database model is used in most of today's commercial databases. It is used since the early 80ies and was developed 1970 by E. F. Codd. The relational database model is based on a mathematical concept where relations are interpreted as tables. The focus ...
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Multiparadigm Design of a Simple Relational Database

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... ICs are based upon the semantics of the realworld enterprise that is being described in the database relations.  We can check a database instance to see if an IC is violated, but we can NEVER infer that an IC is true by looking at an instance. ...
DatabaseSpy Multi-database Tool
DatabaseSpy Multi-database Tool

... tables, views, and stored procedures. Generate, edit, and write SQL statements with auto-completion. Create customized charts from query results. Edit, export, or import data. Modify table structures and relationships. Compare, merge, or convert database tables. Even take charge of XML in your relat ...
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... Relational model first proposed in 1970 by Dr E F (Ted) Codd in the paper ‘A relational model of data for large shared data banks’. Purpose ...
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... The amount of existing RST literature intersecting with databases theory increased continuously since the beginning. In this section we outline the most relevant concepts and systems introduced by other authors. One of the first systems combining RST with database systems was introduced in [5]. The ...
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... answers through the network. Raw memory accesses and raw disk accesses are performed locally in a processor, and only the filtered (reduced) data is passed to the client program. This allows a more scaleable design by minimizing traffic on the interconnection network. Shared-nothing characterizes th ...
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Chapter 14: Query Optimization
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Chapter 14: Query Optimization

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week15 - Arms-A

... 1. Attributes: values associated with the object 2. Relationship: connection between the object itself and other objects 3. Methods: functions that may be applied to objects of the class. Methods are specified by it's signature: name, arguments (names, order, and type), return value type, name of an ...
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Relational algebra

Relational algebra, first described by E.F. Codd while at IBM, is a family of algebra with a well-founded semantics used for modelling the data stored in relational databases, and defining queries on it.The main application of relational algebra is providing a theoretical foundation for relational databases, particularly query languages for such databases, chief among which is SQL.
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