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Rapid and correct diagnosis is critical until a donor heart becomes
Rapid and correct diagnosis is critical until a donor heart becomes

... Although physicians are recognizing that peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is much more common than originally thought, it is still tremendously undiagnosed because most people with PAD have no symptoms. ...
Detection of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Blood Lipid
Detection of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Blood Lipid

... three alleles ε2, ε3, and ε4 on chromosome 19, respectively. In vitro studies have shown that the binding capacity of E2 with its receptor is low, leading to the delay of degradation of the chylomicrons in blood and VLDL residue catabolism, the reduction of intermediate density lipoprotein to LDL co ...
Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2
Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2

... The mean BMI of the subjects was 29.0±5.0 kg/m2, with CVD patients being 28.5±4.2 kg/m2 and non-CVD subjects 29.2±5.4 kg/m2, respectively. Higher mean value was observed in patients with CVD compared to non-CVD subjects with regards to WHR level, exhibiting a statistically significant difference bet ...
Heart Attack - Coffee Regional Medical Center
Heart Attack - Coffee Regional Medical Center

... can reduce your risk of a subsequent heart attack and help your damaged heart function better. Lifestyle factors also play a critical role in heart attack prevention and recovery. Doctors typically prescribe drug therapy for people who've had a heart attack or who are at high risk of having one. In ...
VASCULAR AGING - The Association of Physicians of India
VASCULAR AGING - The Association of Physicians of India

... Vascular age is the apparent age of the blood vessels, particularly the arteries when compared to what is normal for the healthy population ...
Pulse Pressure and Aortic Pulse Wave Are Markers of
Pulse Pressure and Aortic Pulse Wave Are Markers of

... The measurements were performed in the morning after an overnight fast, each patient being in supine position. Brachial BP was measured in both arms with a mercury sphygmomanometer after 15 min of rest. Phases I and V of the Korotkoff sounds were considered, respectively, as SBP and DBP. The mean BP ...
Blood Pressure Classification
Blood Pressure Classification

... • The center of the cuff should be at heart level and the width of the bladder cuff should equal at least 40% of the arm circumference; the length of the cuff bladder should be enough to encircle at least 80% of the arm circumference. • Systolic blood pressure is the first of at ...
Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant
Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant

... >130. Patients were randomized to Intensive Therapy (treatment SBP goal of <120 mmHg) versus Standard Therapy (<140 mmHg). At 4.7 years of follow-up, there was no difference in major adverse clinical events (1.9% vs 2.1% ). While observational data suggests that lower SBP is beneficial, treating wit ...
Acute Care Case Study Paper
Acute Care Case Study Paper

... still significantly different (0.04 ng/mL = 4 ng/dL). Nevertheless, PG was evaluated according to QVMC standards and was ruled in for a myocardial infarction considering his two elevated troponin I levels and a 12-lead ECG showing atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response and inferolatera ...
1 - Broad`s MBA
1 - Broad`s MBA

... Founded in 1949, Medtronic (NYSE: MDT) is one of the largest medical-device companies. It develops and manufactures therapeutic medical devices for chronic diseases. Its implantable products include pacemakers, mechanical heart valves, stents, insulin pumps, and artificial spinal discs. Each year, 5 ...
Structural Heart Disease Workshop
Structural Heart Disease Workshop

... 1. What is “broken heart syndrome”? 2. How is it different from acute coronary syndrome? Attending physician records • Long history of anxiety and recurrent depression. On a variety of medications over the years. Missed occasional days of work, but no long periods of disability, never hospitalized a ...
MyoCardial Infarction Case Study
MyoCardial Infarction Case Study

... rehabilitation is to improve health and awareness, reduce cardiac symptoms and problems, reduce risk of future hospital visits, and to increase physical health and quality of life. Cardiac rehabilitation will get him back into his normal activities and will improve the outlook for his future heart ...
Myocardial Scar Detected by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Myocardial Scar Detected by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

... CMR imaging do not really match either HCM or Amyloidosis. In addition because of the young age of our patient amyloidosis seems to be very unlikely. Our patient did not have the typical symptoms or the clinical phenotype for Fabry disease. The α-Galaktosidasea activity was also within the normal ra ...
The Circulatory System C16L2 Chapter 16 Lesson 2
The Circulatory System C16L2 Chapter 16 Lesson 2

... system, it picks up carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration and wastes produced by all the other chemical reactions that take place inside cells. ...
Cancer and Heart/Stroke
Cancer and Heart/Stroke

... ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation and flutter, and ventricular fibrillation and flutter. Heart attack A myocardial infarction resulting in the death of an area of the heart muscle due to insufficient blood supply to that area. The basis of the diagnosis must include: • Serial measurements of c ...
PP text version
PP text version

... Minor injuries lead to life-threatening blood loss. ...
Questions and Answers about Cholesterol
Questions and Answers about Cholesterol

... The mean blood cholesterol level for people aged 16 and above in the UK is about 5.5mmol/l, and about one-fifth have total blood cholesterol levels above 6.5mmol/l. This average of about 5.5mmol/l for total cholesterol typically reflects LDL cholesterol levels of about 3.5 to 4.0 and HDL cholesterol ...
PATIENTS WITH REFRACTORY ANGINA ARE OFTEN CALLED NO
PATIENTS WITH REFRACTORY ANGINA ARE OFTEN CALLED NO

... focal narrowing to modulate flow and elevate CS pressure. CS narrowing has been demonstrated to improve perfusion to ischemic territories of the myocardium10 and can lead to relief of symptoms in patients with refractory angina. ...
Current Therapies for Obesity - Cleveland Clinic Center for
Current Therapies for Obesity - Cleveland Clinic Center for

... loss programs. Structured counseling sessions to help curb obesity-related behaviors such as eating fast food, skipping breakfast, and avoiding exercise are believed to be essential tools for maintaining weight loss. Bariatric Surgery: Bariatric surgery may reduce mortality rates in severely obese p ...
Atrial Fibrillation: When and How To Anti-Coagulate Plus LAAO  Simon James
Atrial Fibrillation: When and How To Anti-Coagulate Plus LAAO Simon James

... Doesn’t encompass every possible complex clinical scenario ...
the relationship between left bundle branch block and the
the relationship between left bundle branch block and the

... significant association between the presence of LBBB and CAD and the presence of diabetes mellitus. This is compatible with the known fact that people with diabetes have an increased prevalence of atherosclerosis and CAD, this could be explained by the presence of; Traditional CAD risk factors such ...
Cardiac computed tomography core syllabus of the European
Cardiac computed tomography core syllabus of the European

... Introduction Over the past decade computed tomography (CT) has become an established imaging modality in cardiovascular medicine. Although noninvasive imaging of the coronary arteries is the most frequently used application, an expanding variety of clinical situations where cardiac CT can provide re ...
Understanding Vascular Disease - The Ohio State University
Understanding Vascular Disease - The Ohio State University

... What is Vascular Disease? The vascular system is the body’s network of blood vessels. It includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart. Problems of the vascular system are common and can be serious. Vascular disease includes atherosclerosis—also called hardenin ...
Drugs for Angina Pectoris, Myocardial Infarction
Drugs for Angina Pectoris, Myocardial Infarction

... The coronary arteries can become partially occluded with plaque resulting in ischemia. Lack of sufficient oxygen to the myocardium often causes sharp chest pain upon exertion, the characteristic symptom of angina. The healthcare provider must quickly determine the cause of the pain so appropriate tr ...
Chapter 14 PP PDF
Chapter 14 PP PDF

... • SV  =  Represents  the  relative  strength  of  the  heart ...
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Cardiovascular disease



Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.
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