A pre-feasibility study to assess the potential of Open Loop Ground
... source or sink depending on the season. While it still takes energy to operate such a system, it is much more efficient than electric furnaces or air conditioners. It can be used on both large and small scales, ...
... source or sink depending on the season. While it still takes energy to operate such a system, it is much more efficient than electric furnaces or air conditioners. It can be used on both large and small scales, ...
Thermal Dissipation and Variability in Electrical Breakdown of Carbon Nanotube Devices
... FIG. 1. 共Color online兲 共a兲 Schematic cross section of typical CNT device with diameter d and thermal footprint bt 共also see Fig. 5兲 on SiO2 substrate with thickness tox and surface roughness ⌬. The p + silicon is used as a backgate. The device layout with source and drain terminals is shown in Fig. ...
... FIG. 1. 共Color online兲 共a兲 Schematic cross section of typical CNT device with diameter d and thermal footprint bt 共also see Fig. 5兲 on SiO2 substrate with thickness tox and surface roughness ⌬. The p + silicon is used as a backgate. The device layout with source and drain terminals is shown in Fig. ...
Heat production and heat flow in the mantle lithosphere, Slave
... complicated further by the effects of pressure; Katsura (1995) showed that the thermal diffusivity of olivine has a positive pressure dependence at lower temperatures but may have a negative pressure dependence at high temperature. Furthermore, the functional form of K(T) developed for individual mi ...
... complicated further by the effects of pressure; Katsura (1995) showed that the thermal diffusivity of olivine has a positive pressure dependence at lower temperatures but may have a negative pressure dependence at high temperature. Furthermore, the functional form of K(T) developed for individual mi ...
Adaptive Welding by Fiber Optic Thermographic Sensing: An
... symmetry of the temperature distribution are directly related to several welding process variables, such as joint mismatch, root opening and plate thickness fluctuations, arc blow or the visco-dynamic and thermal conductivity properties of the plates. However, optical inspection by a video camera or ...
... symmetry of the temperature distribution are directly related to several welding process variables, such as joint mismatch, root opening and plate thickness fluctuations, arc blow or the visco-dynamic and thermal conductivity properties of the plates. However, optical inspection by a video camera or ...
The Heat Flow Through Oceanic and Continental Crust and the Heat
... [McKenzie,1967](Figure3b).ParsonsandSclater[1977]demonstratedthat for crust younger than 80 Ma both the plate and the boundarylayer modelsare essentiallyidentical,and they usedthe two differentapproachesto computefirst-order relationswhich match the topographicdata (Table 2). From thesemodelsit is p ...
... [McKenzie,1967](Figure3b).ParsonsandSclater[1977]demonstratedthat for crust younger than 80 Ma both the plate and the boundarylayer modelsare essentiallyidentical,and they usedthe two differentapproachesto computefirst-order relationswhich match the topographicdata (Table 2). From thesemodelsit is p ...
An evaluation of the nature and timing of summer human thermal
... PMV has been developed based on the average response of mid-latitude inhabitants and therefore does not take into account the factor of acclimatization when applied in a climate context different to that for which is was developed. Despite this problem the PMV is considered appropriate for the analy ...
... PMV has been developed based on the average response of mid-latitude inhabitants and therefore does not take into account the factor of acclimatization when applied in a climate context different to that for which is was developed. Despite this problem the PMV is considered appropriate for the analy ...
Advances in High-Power Laser Diode Packaging
... diode package is kept as low as possible, typically below 60 °C. Depending on the thermal power density, these heat sink materials are further cooled by means of passive- or activecooling approaches. The design and analysis of heat sinks is one of the most extensive research areas in electronics coo ...
... diode package is kept as low as possible, typically below 60 °C. Depending on the thermal power density, these heat sink materials are further cooled by means of passive- or activecooling approaches. The design and analysis of heat sinks is one of the most extensive research areas in electronics coo ...
Thermal properties of graphene: Fundamentals and
... ∼20-nm-wide graphene nanoribbons (GNRs, solid magenta diamond),34 suspended singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, green crosses),35 multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs, solid orange circles),36 type IIa diamond (open red diamonds),37 graphite in-plane (sideways open blue triangles),37 and graphite out-of-plan ...
... ∼20-nm-wide graphene nanoribbons (GNRs, solid magenta diamond),34 suspended singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, green crosses),35 multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs, solid orange circles),36 type IIa diamond (open red diamonds),37 graphite in-plane (sideways open blue triangles),37 and graphite out-of-plan ...
A scaling law for approximating porous hydrothermal convection by
... heat flux in very young lithosphere turns out to be less than expected by the SRTL (e.g. Stein & Stein 1992), and for old oceanic lithosphere the decrease of heat flow with age is less than predicted by the SRTL. Starting with Talwani et al. (1971) and Lister (1972), it has been pointed out, that th ...
... heat flux in very young lithosphere turns out to be less than expected by the SRTL (e.g. Stein & Stein 1992), and for old oceanic lithosphere the decrease of heat flow with age is less than predicted by the SRTL. Starting with Talwani et al. (1971) and Lister (1972), it has been pointed out, that th ...
The Regulation of Body Temperature
... dissolved substances in the solution are left in the unfrozen liquid. Therefore, as more ice forms, the remaining liquid becomes more and more concentrated. Freezing damages cells through two mechanisms. Ice crystals probably injure the cell mechanically. In addition, the increase in solute concentr ...
... dissolved substances in the solution are left in the unfrozen liquid. Therefore, as more ice forms, the remaining liquid becomes more and more concentrated. Freezing damages cells through two mechanisms. Ice crystals probably injure the cell mechanically. In addition, the increase in solute concentr ...
ThermalScope: Multi-Scale Thermal Analysis For
... virtually partitioned into discrete three-dimensional thermal elements. Compact heat transfer equations are then derived and solved using numerical methods to characterize the thermal profile of IC chip and cooling package. Although some of these techniques are fast enough for use during IC design a ...
... virtually partitioned into discrete three-dimensional thermal elements. Compact heat transfer equations are then derived and solved using numerical methods to characterize the thermal profile of IC chip and cooling package. Although some of these techniques are fast enough for use during IC design a ...
Energy-Smart Calculation of Thermal Loads in Mobile and
... applications that experience highly dynamic load variations. The calculation procedure can be implemented in a load-based controller to provide advanced intelligence for the system operation. This approach can optimize the system performance for the current as well as future conditions and can also ...
... applications that experience highly dynamic load variations. The calculation procedure can be implemented in a load-based controller to provide advanced intelligence for the system operation. This approach can optimize the system performance for the current as well as future conditions and can also ...
Clausius` Discovery of the First Two Laws of
... At this point, the gas has returned to its original state, and the same operations can be repeated. During the first two operations work is performed by the gas; during the last two work is performed on the gas. As the first two operations are performed at a higher pressure than the last two, there ...
... At this point, the gas has returned to its original state, and the same operations can be repeated. During the first two operations work is performed by the gas; during the last two work is performed on the gas. As the first two operations are performed at a higher pressure than the last two, there ...
COMPLIANCE RESIDENTIAL M A N U A L
... 2.2 Compliance and Enforcement Phases..................................................................................2-1 ...
... 2.2 Compliance and Enforcement Phases..................................................................................2-1 ...
cooling of electronic equipment
... cavity of the chip carrier is filled with a gas, which is a poor heat conductor, and the case is often made of materials that are also poor conductors of heat. This results in a relatively large thermal resistance between the chip and the case, called the junction-to-case resistance, and thus a larg ...
... cavity of the chip carrier is filled with a gas, which is a poor heat conductor, and the case is often made of materials that are also poor conductors of heat. This results in a relatively large thermal resistance between the chip and the case, called the junction-to-case resistance, and thus a larg ...
Applications of a low contact force polyimide shank
... This paper reports on the detection of nano-scale chemical variations in photosensitive polymers and biological variations in cancerous tumor cells that have been accomplished for the first time using scanning thermal probes that we have developed. It also reports on changes that have been made over ...
... This paper reports on the detection of nano-scale chemical variations in photosensitive polymers and biological variations in cancerous tumor cells that have been accomplished for the first time using scanning thermal probes that we have developed. It also reports on changes that have been made over ...
hw2-sp11 - Learn Thermo HOME
... - The steam in the cylinder is a closed system. - Boundary work is the only form of work interaction. - Changes in kinetic and potential energies are negligible. - The expansion is a quasi-equilibrium process. - The initial and final states are both equilibrium states. ...
... - The steam in the cylinder is a closed system. - Boundary work is the only form of work interaction. - Changes in kinetic and potential energies are negligible. - The expansion is a quasi-equilibrium process. - The initial and final states are both equilibrium states. ...
advanced building skins 14 | 15 June 2012
... All these factors of a panelised surface directly influence the properties of glass elements. While many designs may be approximated by triangular or in some cases flat quadrangular glass panes, there are cases where the original form and their smoothness have to be preserved either because a soluti ...
... All these factors of a panelised surface directly influence the properties of glass elements. While many designs may be approximated by triangular or in some cases flat quadrangular glass panes, there are cases where the original form and their smoothness have to be preserved either because a soluti ...
2015 Washington State Energy Code Residential
... construction or designated occupancy of a structure for which a lawful permit has been heretofore issued or otherwise lawfully authorized, and the construction of which has been pursued in good faith within 180 days after the effective date of this code and has not been abandoned. R103.3.3 Phased ap ...
... construction or designated occupancy of a structure for which a lawful permit has been heretofore issued or otherwise lawfully authorized, and the construction of which has been pursued in good faith within 180 days after the effective date of this code and has not been abandoned. R103.3.3 Phased ap ...
2008 aWard WinnerS
... All electricity purchased is from renewable sources Greater use of fresh air and natural light Heating that delivers controlled temperatures to small zones rather than the entire building. ...
... All electricity purchased is from renewable sources Greater use of fresh air and natural light Heating that delivers controlled temperatures to small zones rather than the entire building. ...
Identification of materials used in Technology of Interior
... possibility of obtaining smooth surfaces and decorative patterns. Gypsum materials are light, characterized by good thermal insulation and sound absorption, good heat storage, low hygroscopicity (like that of a well-burnt ceramic brick), they are fireproof and when set reveal good frost resistance a ...
... possibility of obtaining smooth surfaces and decorative patterns. Gypsum materials are light, characterized by good thermal insulation and sound absorption, good heat storage, low hygroscopicity (like that of a well-burnt ceramic brick), they are fireproof and when set reveal good frost resistance a ...
C142
... As the scale of devices becomes small, thermal control and heat dissipation from these devices can be effectively accomplished through the implementation of microchannel passages. The small passages provide a high surface area to volume ratio that enables higher heat transfer rates. High performance ...
... As the scale of devices becomes small, thermal control and heat dissipation from these devices can be effectively accomplished through the implementation of microchannel passages. The small passages provide a high surface area to volume ratio that enables higher heat transfer rates. High performance ...
2009 Nasir JT
... each gauge is calculated by using a finite-difference code developed by Cress 关20兴. The finite-difference code uses the time history of the surface temperature of the gauge as a boundary condition and solves the one-dimensional transient heat conduction equation. Over the majority of the vane, the c ...
... each gauge is calculated by using a finite-difference code developed by Cress 关20兴. The finite-difference code uses the time history of the surface temperature of the gauge as a boundary condition and solves the one-dimensional transient heat conduction equation. Over the majority of the vane, the c ...
3–8 Storey Modular Element Buildings
... residential buildings. It is intended for designers, contractors, building owners and developers. The core of the system are Stora Enso’s structural wall panels and floor slabs, which form the strong and stable load-bearing structure of each modular element. The elements are built in controlled f ...
... residential buildings. It is intended for designers, contractors, building owners and developers. The core of the system are Stora Enso’s structural wall panels and floor slabs, which form the strong and stable load-bearing structure of each modular element. The elements are built in controlled f ...
On Laminar Rich Premixed Polydisperse Spray Flame Propagation
... velocities, one stable and the other not. Extinction occurs at the point of traversal from the stable to the unstable mode of propagation. Essentially, this happens when the heat loss is too great. The theory agreed well with experiments for flame propagation and extinction in tubes. Subsequent work ...
... velocities, one stable and the other not. Extinction occurs at the point of traversal from the stable to the unstable mode of propagation. Essentially, this happens when the heat loss is too great. The theory agreed well with experiments for flame propagation and extinction in tubes. Subsequent work ...
Building insulation materials
Building insulation materials are the building materials which form the thermal envelope of a building or otherwise reduce heat transfer.Insulation may be categorized by its composition (natural or synthetic materials), form (batts, blankets, loose-fill, spray foam, and panels), structural contribution (insulating concrete forms, structured panels, and straw bales), functional mode (conductive, radiative, convective), resistance to heat transfer, environmental impacts, and more. Sometimes a thermally reflective surface called a radiant barrier is added to a material to reduce the transfer of heat through radiation as well as conduction. The choice of which material or combination of materials is used depends on a wide variety of factors. Some insulation materials have health risks, some so significant the materials are no longer allowed to be used but remain in use in some older buildings such as asbestos fibers and urea