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The geotectonic story of the northwestern branch of the Caribbean
... Abstract: Within the last decade, modern petrological and geochronological methods in combination with detailed studies of the field geology have allowed the reconstruction of tectonic processes in the northwestern part of the Caribbean Plate. The development of an oceanic Proto-Yucatán Basin can b ...
... Abstract: Within the last decade, modern petrological and geochronological methods in combination with detailed studies of the field geology have allowed the reconstruction of tectonic processes in the northwestern part of the Caribbean Plate. The development of an oceanic Proto-Yucatán Basin can b ...
Lithospheric Layering in the North American Craton
... Recent receiver function studies detect structural boundaries under continental cratons at depths too shallow to be consistent with the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) as inferred from seismic tomography and other geophysical studies. Using the new results from our regional surface wave tom ...
... Recent receiver function studies detect structural boundaries under continental cratons at depths too shallow to be consistent with the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) as inferred from seismic tomography and other geophysical studies. Using the new results from our regional surface wave tom ...
The role of subduction in the evolution of the Apennines foreland basin
... except one, to give the reader a sense of the sensitivity of our results to that specific parameter. 2.3. Loads and restoring forces Fig. 2 summarises the vertical loads involved in lithospheric flexure at a convergent plate boundary. The surface loads are the topography, the sediments filling the b ...
... except one, to give the reader a sense of the sensitivity of our results to that specific parameter. 2.3. Loads and restoring forces Fig. 2 summarises the vertical loads involved in lithospheric flexure at a convergent plate boundary. The surface loads are the topography, the sediments filling the b ...
3-D structure of the Rio Grande Rift from 1
... Hansen et al., 2013; Levander and Miller, 2012; Miller and Eaton, 2010; West et al., 2004a; Wilson et al., 2010), joint inversions (Bailey et al., 2012; Lin et al., 2012; Moucha et al., 2008; West et al., 2004b). Many models show the main tectonic regions in North America, but do not necessarily foc ...
... Hansen et al., 2013; Levander and Miller, 2012; Miller and Eaton, 2010; West et al., 2004a; Wilson et al., 2010), joint inversions (Bailey et al., 2012; Lin et al., 2012; Moucha et al., 2008; West et al., 2004b). Many models show the main tectonic regions in North America, but do not necessarily foc ...
Geological Evidence For The Geographical Pattern of Mantle Return
... roots. Oceanic plates, underlain by the weak asthenosphere, are considered to be driven primarily by slab pull. This model appears to be capable of explaining many aspectsof plate kinematics. At this point the rationale behind the present study ...
... roots. Oceanic plates, underlain by the weak asthenosphere, are considered to be driven primarily by slab pull. This model appears to be capable of explaining many aspectsof plate kinematics. At this point the rationale behind the present study ...
Mantle plumes, plumes and “plumes”: do we
... 4. Oceanic island basalts are enriched in incompatible elements compared with depleted mid-oceanic ridge basalts, hence source is primitive in composition (Earth’s lower mantle); 5. Hot spots lie atop of localized thermal upwellings referred to as plumes; 6. Plumes represent the major part of uprais ...
... 4. Oceanic island basalts are enriched in incompatible elements compared with depleted mid-oceanic ridge basalts, hence source is primitive in composition (Earth’s lower mantle); 5. Hot spots lie atop of localized thermal upwellings referred to as plumes; 6. Plumes represent the major part of uprais ...
Chapter 17. The Other Isotopes
... the garnet (gt) and clinopyroxene (cpx) structures. In other words, some of the so-called LIL elements are actually compatible in gt and cpx. The crust is also not excessively enriched in lithium, sodium, lead, bismuth and helium. ...
... the garnet (gt) and clinopyroxene (cpx) structures. In other words, some of the so-called LIL elements are actually compatible in gt and cpx. The crust is also not excessively enriched in lithium, sodium, lead, bismuth and helium. ...
plate puzzle - Purdue University
... c. transform [this one is more difficult]; for example: the San Andreas fault in California, New Zealand (the Alpine fault), and the transform faults along the southern boundary of the Nazca plate. Sometimes the plate motions and interactions are more complicated. For example, for the North American ...
... c. transform [this one is more difficult]; for example: the San Andreas fault in California, New Zealand (the Alpine fault), and the transform faults along the southern boundary of the Nazca plate. Sometimes the plate motions and interactions are more complicated. For example, for the North American ...
Mantle convection in the Middle East_ Reconciling Afar upwelling
... Fig. 1. Topography and deformation indicators for the Arabia–Anatolia–Aegean system. (a) Geodetic velocity field (ArRajehi et al., 2010) in a Eurasia fixed reference frame (orange vectors) compared to geological plate motions from NUVEL-1A (DeMets et al., 1994; dark gray vectors), topography from ETOP ...
... Fig. 1. Topography and deformation indicators for the Arabia–Anatolia–Aegean system. (a) Geodetic velocity field (ArRajehi et al., 2010) in a Eurasia fixed reference frame (orange vectors) compared to geological plate motions from NUVEL-1A (DeMets et al., 1994; dark gray vectors), topography from ETOP ...
Buildup of a dynamically supported orogenic plateau: Numerical
... The upper boundary condition is a free surface. Lateral boundary conditions are kinematic (horizontal velocities). The Winkler’s hydrostatic pliable bottom is used as the lower boundary [Burov et al., 1998]. This semifree condition allows the slab to deflect locally the lower boundary of the model by ...
... The upper boundary condition is a free surface. Lateral boundary conditions are kinematic (horizontal velocities). The Winkler’s hydrostatic pliable bottom is used as the lower boundary [Burov et al., 1998]. This semifree condition allows the slab to deflect locally the lower boundary of the model by ...
Mountain building and mantle dynamics
... for propelling India in the present day [Becker and Faccenna, 2011] and rapid continental plate motions in general. However, the mantle drag amplitude will depend on the time-dependent vigor of mantle convection. [7] For orogens to be created and sustained, the sum of the acting forces such as slab ...
... for propelling India in the present day [Becker and Faccenna, 2011] and rapid continental plate motions in general. However, the mantle drag amplitude will depend on the time-dependent vigor of mantle convection. [7] For orogens to be created and sustained, the sum of the acting forces such as slab ...
Mountain building and mantle dynamics
... for propelling India in the present day [Becker and Faccenna, 2011] and rapid continental plate motions in general. However, the mantle drag amplitude will depend on the time-dependent vigor of mantle convection. [7] For orogens to be created and sustained, the sum of the acting forces such as slab ...
... for propelling India in the present day [Becker and Faccenna, 2011] and rapid continental plate motions in general. However, the mantle drag amplitude will depend on the time-dependent vigor of mantle convection. [7] For orogens to be created and sustained, the sum of the acting forces such as slab ...
0622932 COVER SHEET FOR PROPOSAL TO THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION NSF 02-011
... plates with mantle convection is poorly understood. The oceanic lithosphere provides an excellent laboratory to test hypotheses about plate tectonics and mantle dynamics because of the simple histories and geometries unfettered by multiple tectonic events. Yet as simple as the oceans are, they often ...
... plates with mantle convection is poorly understood. The oceanic lithosphere provides an excellent laboratory to test hypotheses about plate tectonics and mantle dynamics because of the simple histories and geometries unfettered by multiple tectonic events. Yet as simple as the oceans are, they often ...
Partial delamination of continental mantle lithosphere, uplift
... uplift and associated exhumation, the vertical stress became the maximum compressive stress in rock formations approaching the surface, whilst the horizontal stress became the minimum compressive stress, thus promoting extension (Price, 1966). Therefore, uplift of the area is thought to be the drivi ...
... uplift and associated exhumation, the vertical stress became the maximum compressive stress in rock formations approaching the surface, whilst the horizontal stress became the minimum compressive stress, thus promoting extension (Price, 1966). Therefore, uplift of the area is thought to be the drivi ...
Chapter 8 Earthquakes
... When tectonic plates move, pressure builds up on the rock near the edges of the plates. When rock is put under pressure, it changes shape, or deforms. This is called deformation. Some rock can bend and fold like clay. When the pressure is taken away, the rock stays folded. When rock stays folded aft ...
... When tectonic plates move, pressure builds up on the rock near the edges of the plates. When rock is put under pressure, it changes shape, or deforms. This is called deformation. Some rock can bend and fold like clay. When the pressure is taken away, the rock stays folded. When rock stays folded aft ...
Paper 3.2 Mb pdf - Miles F Osmaston
... better idea of how subduction constructs them. Their exhumation, too, merits a closer look at epeirogenic processes. Progress in both these matters now appears possible and their relevance tested, using the Alps, the world’s most comprehensively studied such belt, as the prime example. Its comparati ...
... better idea of how subduction constructs them. Their exhumation, too, merits a closer look at epeirogenic processes. Progress in both these matters now appears possible and their relevance tested, using the Alps, the world’s most comprehensively studied such belt, as the prime example. Its comparati ...
Lamarque_Arlita_SKS_RF_GJI_201
... The Terre Adélie and George V Land (East Antarctica) represent key areas for understanding tectonic relationships between terranes forming the Neoarchean-Palaeoproterozoic Terre Adélie Craton (TAC) and the neighbouring lithospheric blocks, together with the nature of its boundary. This region that ...
... The Terre Adélie and George V Land (East Antarctica) represent key areas for understanding tectonic relationships between terranes forming the Neoarchean-Palaeoproterozoic Terre Adélie Craton (TAC) and the neighbouring lithospheric blocks, together with the nature of its boundary. This region that ...
Bulletin 51: Geology of the Quessta molybdenum (Moly) mine area
... series); these in turn are overlain by an upper series of rhyolite flows, breccias, and tuffs (the rhyolite series). Numerous dikes, sills, and small plugs of rhyolite and andesite may be the intrusive equivalents of this volcanic complex. Late Tertiary soda granite stocks and dikes intrude the olde ...
... series); these in turn are overlain by an upper series of rhyolite flows, breccias, and tuffs (the rhyolite series). Numerous dikes, sills, and small plugs of rhyolite and andesite may be the intrusive equivalents of this volcanic complex. Late Tertiary soda granite stocks and dikes intrude the olde ...
Upper Mantle Seismic Anisotropy Beneath the West Antarctic Rift
... Seismic anisotropy, the dependence of seismic velocities on propagation and polarization direction, has emerged as one of the best indicators of both past and present mantle deformation and flow (e.g. Silver & Chan 1988; Fischer et al. 1998; for a review see Long and Silver 2009). Mantle deformation ...
... Seismic anisotropy, the dependence of seismic velocities on propagation and polarization direction, has emerged as one of the best indicators of both past and present mantle deformation and flow (e.g. Silver & Chan 1988; Fischer et al. 1998; for a review see Long and Silver 2009). Mantle deformation ...
Sample
... Section: 2.4 Testing the Model: What Are Some Applications of Plate Tectonics? Essent'l Concept: 2.4 Summarize some of the applications of plate tectonics 25) Mantle plumes are columnar areas of hot molten rock that arise from within the lithosphere. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Skill: Comprehension Sectio ...
... Section: 2.4 Testing the Model: What Are Some Applications of Plate Tectonics? Essent'l Concept: 2.4 Summarize some of the applications of plate tectonics 25) Mantle plumes are columnar areas of hot molten rock that arise from within the lithosphere. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Skill: Comprehension Sectio ...
Mantle hotspot neon in basalts from the Northwest Lau Back
... basalts provide some of the most powerful insight to these tectonically complex regions. In this paper we investigate helium and neon isotope variations in lavas from the Northwest Lau Back-arc Basin, which is one of three back-arc extensional zones in the northern Lau Basin (Figure 1). [3] Lavas fr ...
... basalts provide some of the most powerful insight to these tectonically complex regions. In this paper we investigate helium and neon isotope variations in lavas from the Northwest Lau Back-arc Basin, which is one of three back-arc extensional zones in the northern Lau Basin (Figure 1). [3] Lavas fr ...
Unraveling topography around subduction zones from
... are not striking in the experiments of Funiciello et al. [22]: during the early stages of subduction, trench retreat rates seemingly increase almost linearly with the slab pull force. Therefore, we assume that the role of surface tension, although non negligible [35], doesn’t significantly bias our ...
... are not striking in the experiments of Funiciello et al. [22]: during the early stages of subduction, trench retreat rates seemingly increase almost linearly with the slab pull force. Therefore, we assume that the role of surface tension, although non negligible [35], doesn’t significantly bias our ...
Geology
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rock_cycle.gif?width=300)
Geology (from the Greek γῆ, gē, i.e. ""earth"" and -λoγία, -logia, i.e. ""study of, discourse"") is an earth science comprising the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change. Geology can also refer generally to the study of the solid features of any celestial body (such as the geology of the Moon or Mars).Geology gives insight into the history of the Earth by providing the primary evidence for plate tectonics, the evolutionary history of life, and past climates. Geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, evaluating water resources, understanding of natural hazards, the remediation of environmental problems, and for providing insights into past climate change. Geology also plays a role in geotechnical engineering and is a major academic discipline.