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Financial Implications of Direct Bank Lending and Carbon Emissions
Financial Implications of Direct Bank Lending and Carbon Emissions

Regulation on Carbon Emission Trading Pricing-to-Market: Based on
Regulation on Carbon Emission Trading Pricing-to-Market: Based on

... exchange by means of signing voluntary contracts. In view of social responsibilities and cultural brand, enterprises are bind to legal reduction of carbon emissions by concluding contracts with American Environment Protection Agency (EPA). EPA can have the legislative authorities of regulating carbo ...
Background for marketing carbon from forest growth in the US. B.S.
Background for marketing carbon from forest growth in the US. B.S.

... forest carbon based on forest type, age, etc. Clean Development Mechanism. The Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) allows industrialized countries with mandated Kyoto Protocol GHG reduction targets to invest in carbon offset activities implemented in developing countries. The activities can range fro ...
Using Carbon Sequestration Projects to Offset
Using Carbon Sequestration Projects to Offset

... programs could provide CCX registry. CCX began continucarbon sequestered by farmers, ranchous electronic trading of GHG emisers, and foresters suggests that all farmers, ranchers, sion allowances on December 12, three sectors could compete in both 2003. Its reduction commitments national and interna ...
Carbon Trading or Carbon Tax - University of Technology Sydney
Carbon Trading or Carbon Tax - University of Technology Sydney

... 2) The second challenge is the volatile price of the market. There is a trend of price declining in some markets, possibly because of being over allocated free allowances as some have criticized. 3) The third challenge is from the other policies relating to energy conservation, air pollution prevent ...
Carbon Pricing Watch - World bank documents
Carbon Pricing Watch - World bank documents

... project procedures and methodologies,25 the promotion of voluntary CER cancellations,26 and new procedures for voluntary deregistration of projects. As to the latter item, if a project has been deregistered from the CDM, it can seek alternative financing by generating offsets in national schemes, su ...
The Global Carbon Trading Market: Concepts, Regulations and Industry Brochure
The Global Carbon Trading Market: Concepts, Regulations and Industry Brochure

... - Key market data on the volume and market value of carbon allowances, covering both project-based transactions and allowance-based transactions from 2004–2009. - Analysis on all global carbon market exchanges — the EU Emission Trading System (ETS), New South Wales Exchange, Chicago Climate Exchange ...
Ruddell et al. 2006
Ruddell et al. 2006

... GHG emission reduction transactions can be classified as either allowance-based or projectbased (Capoor and Amborsi, 2006). Both allowance-based and project-based carbon transactions are measured and traded in standard units representing a quantity of CO2 equivalent (metric tons of CO2 equivalent = ...
this file
this file

... Yet agricultural and forested land is often less productive than it used to be, as it has been degraded over time by soil erosion, deforestation, and other unsustainable land use. Land degradation threatens the important goods and services that healthy ecosystems provide, such as fertile soils, clea ...
carbon pricing - The Climate Group
carbon pricing - The Climate Group

... “Raising the market price of carbon provides strong incentives to reduce carbon emissions through four mechanisms. First, it provides signals to consumers about what goods and services produce high carbon emissions and should therefore be used more sparingly. Second, it provides signals to producers ...
IATA CO2 Calculator Guidelines
IATA CO2 Calculator Guidelines

... Passengers can purchase carbon credits generated by certified renewable energy and energy efficiency projects in developing countries that are verified to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A carbon credit is a permit that represents one tonne of carbon dioxide (CO2) that has either been removed from ...
VER Carbon Credits.indd
VER Carbon Credits.indd

... flows through the Amazon delta. Twenty eight billion gallons of water flow into the Atlantic every minute, diluting the salinity of the ocean for more than 100 miles offshore. The Amazon rainforest watershed is home to the world’s highest level of biodiversity. The Amazon rainforest is the drainage ...
climate change: the case for a carbon tariff/tax
climate change: the case for a carbon tariff/tax

... on exports. That is, should it be petitive disadvantage when Consistency, as well as comadministered on a destination or selling into non-complying pliance with the international origin basis? Properly administered, nations. trading regime, would require While the first tier deals that a concurrent ...
BioCarbon Fund - World Bank Group
BioCarbon Fund - World Bank Group

...  All types of A/R projects have environmental, economic, social, and institutional co-benefits  Co-benefits are an important incentive for local participation in forest carbon projects.  Forest carbon projects also contribute to climate change adaptation by increasing the resilience of local envi ...
Global Carbon Policy Handbook 2010 - Policies Driving the Growth... Trading Markets Brochure
Global Carbon Policy Handbook 2010 - Policies Driving the Growth... Trading Markets Brochure

... - Impact assessment of the carbon policies in the United States (US), the European Union (EU), Canada, Australia and Asia Pacific regions on the world carbon trading markets. - Carbon trading value from 2010-2020, which help in identifying a market potential. - Key carbon regulations and policies at ...
Climate change and planning: carbon control and spatial regulation
Climate change and planning: carbon control and spatial regulation

... traded as commodities. The logic of these ‘cap and trade’ schemes is that those who save carbon emissions are rewarded by being able to sell the excess carbon credits, while those who overshoot have to pay for their pollution by buying additional carbon credits. The overall quota is reduced over tim ...
Constructing Carbon Market Spacetime: Climate change and the
Constructing Carbon Market Spacetime: Climate change and the

... considerable infrastructure. The primary source of reductions which can offset carbon emissions from regulated facilities is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). CDM carbon projects must demonstrate that the planned offsets are financially and environmental additional, that they would not occur wi ...
Reconceiving the Good Life
Reconceiving the Good Life

... allocated more per capita rights to emit to themselves than to others. This effectively created property rights in unsustainable activities (emitting carbon) and allocated most of those to the countries which had already contributed most to the problem. This was neither fair nor likely to be agreed ...
The Researches on China
The Researches on China

... China, have joined the Protocol, but without binding targets. Under the Treaty, countries must meet their targets primarily through national measures. However, the Kyoto Protocol offers them an additional means of meeting their targets by way of three market-based mechanisms-Joint Implementation(JI) ...
PDF
PDF

... Concerns regarding climate changes due to human activities have largely increased in the past few years. Many scientists believe that atmospheric build-up of greenhouse gas1 (GHG) concentrations is causing the climate to change (IPCC, 2007a,b). Furthermore, a large number of scientists assert that c ...
UNDP`s - Global Environment Facility
UNDP`s - Global Environment Facility

...  Project Development (CDM, JI) moves much slower than you might expect as many projects face unexpected problems and delays;  The actual number of emission reductions achieved by projects can often by much less than originally estimated - strong due diligence is critical;  New types of staff with ...
T im escales Perm an en ce Land area limits
T im escales Perm an en ce Land area limits

... including greenhouse gases, black carbon and aerosols, coming from a wide variety of sources, which each have different chemical and physical characteristics. A rational policymaking approach to address climate change would therefore be to put in place tailored measures to address this diversity in ...
Emissions Trading and Deforestation Casey McKenzie BUEC 560
Emissions Trading and Deforestation Casey McKenzie BUEC 560

... method of doing so will be an important step towards the large scale granting of carbon credits to forested land. Another issue with associating carbon credits with the sequestration abilities of a forest will be proving that there was, in fact, a net reduction of CO2 that resulted from not cutting ...
Voluntary Carbon Offsets
Voluntary Carbon Offsets

... This provides for developed countries to implement projects in developing countries that either reduce emissions or absorb carbon through afforestation or reforestation activities. These projects receive emission credits, called Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). Joint Implementation This mechani ...
ofgem puts forward new approach to funding green generation
ofgem puts forward new approach to funding green generation

... specified technologies. “We do not think banding fundamentally addresses many of the issues that have been raised,” said Buchanan. “More rigorous exploration of the costs and benefits of the government’s proposals and other options will ensure that business and domestic customers can be much more c ...
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Carbon credit

A carbon credit is a generic term for any tradable certificate or permit representing the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide or the mass of another greenhouse gas with a carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) equivalent to one tonne of carbon dioxide.Carbon credits and carbon markets are a component of national and international attempts to mitigate the growth in concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs). One carbon credit is equal to one tonne of carbon dioxide, or in some markets, carbon dioxide equivalent gases. Carbon trading is an application of an emissions trading approach. Greenhouse gas emissions are capped and then markets are used to allocate the emissions among the group of regulated sources.The goal is to allow market mechanisms to drive industrial and commercial processes in the direction of low emissions or less carbon intensive approaches than those used when there is no cost to emitting carbon dioxide and other GHGs into the atmosphere. Since GHG mitigation projects generate credits, this approach can be used to finance carbon reduction schemes between trading partners and around the world.There are also many companies that sell carbon credits to commercial and individual customers who are interested in lowering their carbon footprint on a voluntary basis. These carbon offsetters purchase the credits from an investment fund or a carbon development company that has aggregated the credits from individual projects. Buyers and sellers can also use an exchange platform to trade, such as the Carbon Trade Exchange, which is like a stock exchange for carbon credits. The quality of the credits is based in part on the validation process and sophistication of the fund or development company that acted as the sponsor to the carbon project. This is reflected in their price; voluntary units typically have less value than the units sold through the rigorously validated Clean Development Mechanism.
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