Daniela C. Zarnescu, PHD Assistant Professor Molecular and
... remain poorly understood. While animal models have been useful in the pathophysiological characterization of FALS, they have fallen short of providing insights into the predominant SALS cases, which are likely due to mutations in several, yet to be discovered genes. As with other neurodegenerative d ...
... remain poorly understood. While animal models have been useful in the pathophysiological characterization of FALS, they have fallen short of providing insights into the predominant SALS cases, which are likely due to mutations in several, yet to be discovered genes. As with other neurodegenerative d ...
Text S1.
... domain combination among all the leaf species, how can we find its evolutionary origin and the present/absent status of the domain (combination) in all the ancestor species in the tree? That is, we want to reconstruct the protein domain content of ancestor organisms in the tree of life. This approac ...
... domain combination among all the leaf species, how can we find its evolutionary origin and the present/absent status of the domain (combination) in all the ancestor species in the tree? That is, we want to reconstruct the protein domain content of ancestor organisms in the tree of life. This approac ...
Ethical issues raised by genetically modified microorganisms
... 2. What are the risks posed by genetically modified microorganisms? The unicellular nature and relative simplicity of microorganisms means that they are able to multiply very rapidly: Escherichia coli is therefore able to give birth to two new cells in 20 minutes when it is cultured in an optimum cu ...
... 2. What are the risks posed by genetically modified microorganisms? The unicellular nature and relative simplicity of microorganisms means that they are able to multiply very rapidly: Escherichia coli is therefore able to give birth to two new cells in 20 minutes when it is cultured in an optimum cu ...
RADical new findings for some with features like CdLS Guest
... After several years of work, we have finally completed our first efforts to understand how changes in a gene called RAD21 cause features that overlap some seen in children with CdLS. This work was ...
... After several years of work, we have finally completed our first efforts to understand how changes in a gene called RAD21 cause features that overlap some seen in children with CdLS. This work was ...
The Origin of Species
... • Individuals with certain heritable characteristics survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals • Natural selection increases the adaptation of organisms to their environment over time • If an environment changes over time, natural selection may result in adaptation to these new c ...
... • Individuals with certain heritable characteristics survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals • Natural selection increases the adaptation of organisms to their environment over time • If an environment changes over time, natural selection may result in adaptation to these new c ...
Author`s personal copy
... kin selection. Phenotypic plasticity: the change in the phenotypic expression of a genotype across different environmental conditions in time and space. The terms ‘adaptive’ and ‘non-adaptive’ have often been used in conjunction with phenotypic plasticity. We interpret these as cases where they ‘do’ ...
... kin selection. Phenotypic plasticity: the change in the phenotypic expression of a genotype across different environmental conditions in time and space. The terms ‘adaptive’ and ‘non-adaptive’ have often been used in conjunction with phenotypic plasticity. We interpret these as cases where they ‘do’ ...
zChap05_140901 - Online Open Genetics
... Once the mode of inheritance of a disease or trait is identified, some inferences about the genotype of individuals in a pedigree can be made, based on their phenotypes and where they appear in the family tree. Given these genotypes, it is possible to calculate the probability of a particular genoty ...
... Once the mode of inheritance of a disease or trait is identified, some inferences about the genotype of individuals in a pedigree can be made, based on their phenotypes and where they appear in the family tree. Given these genotypes, it is possible to calculate the probability of a particular genoty ...
TCPS: Section 8. Human Genetic Research
... biological relatives, families and groups. Observation of different forms of the gene may be important among biological relatives and within and among different groups. Accordingly, human genetic research is concerned with the use of genetic material. Genes and their alleles are being identified as ...
... biological relatives, families and groups. Observation of different forms of the gene may be important among biological relatives and within and among different groups. Accordingly, human genetic research is concerned with the use of genetic material. Genes and their alleles are being identified as ...
Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology
... using biochemical engineering, and production of biomaterials. Two parallel research approaches will most likely exist simultaneously in the near future: the transgenic approach (expression of unique genes and specific promoters and transcription factors), and the non-transgenic approach (genomics-a ...
... using biochemical engineering, and production of biomaterials. Two parallel research approaches will most likely exist simultaneously in the near future: the transgenic approach (expression of unique genes and specific promoters and transcription factors), and the non-transgenic approach (genomics-a ...
Annual Report, October 2009, 102 KB PDF
... Distribution of lengths, ages, and weights from 1981 to 2007 using the NMFS Pacific ocean perch (POP) growth data by units of longitude grouped by 2, approximately 120km in each group. ...
... Distribution of lengths, ages, and weights from 1981 to 2007 using the NMFS Pacific ocean perch (POP) growth data by units of longitude grouped by 2, approximately 120km in each group. ...
Text (Open Access) - Reading`s CentAUR
... converge within a few generations whatever the initial genotype frequencies. So figure 1 and electronic supplementary material, figure A1, give a fair representation of the process of selection whatever the initial genotype frequencies. The values of b and c in figure 1a were chosen such that b < 4c ...
... converge within a few generations whatever the initial genotype frequencies. So figure 1 and electronic supplementary material, figure A1, give a fair representation of the process of selection whatever the initial genotype frequencies. The values of b and c in figure 1a were chosen such that b < 4c ...
What role does natural selection play in speciation?
... and viability are equivalent. However, there is a linear trade-off between the chances of settling in either niche, whereas viabilities may be constrained arbitrarily. With a convex trade-off, a sexual population evolves a single generalist genotype, whereas with a concave trade-off, disruptive sele ...
... and viability are equivalent. However, there is a linear trade-off between the chances of settling in either niche, whereas viabilities may be constrained arbitrarily. With a convex trade-off, a sexual population evolves a single generalist genotype, whereas with a concave trade-off, disruptive sele ...
The Evolution of Genetic Code in Genetic Programming
... of view. In nature, a phenotype not interacting with its environment does not have reproductive success, the latter being crudely modeled by the concept of “fitness” in evolutionary algorithms. In a fixed-generation-size EA, like the DGP variant used for the empirical investigation described here, a ...
... of view. In nature, a phenotype not interacting with its environment does not have reproductive success, the latter being crudely modeled by the concept of “fitness” in evolutionary algorithms. In a fixed-generation-size EA, like the DGP variant used for the empirical investigation described here, a ...
Biological Altruism
... altruists will be at a selective disadvantage relative to their selfish colleagues, but the fitness of the group as a whole will be enhanced by the presence of altruists. Groups composed only or mainly of selfish organisms go extinct, leaving behind groups containing altruists. In the example of the ...
... altruists will be at a selective disadvantage relative to their selfish colleagues, but the fitness of the group as a whole will be enhanced by the presence of altruists. Groups composed only or mainly of selfish organisms go extinct, leaving behind groups containing altruists. In the example of the ...
The Evolution of Genetic Architecture
... epistasis defined without regard to allele frequencies and showed how this physiological epistasis differed from the Fisherian notion of statistical epistasis and even contributed to the additive genetic variance. The Fisherian regression model minimizes the statistical influence of gene interactions ...
... epistasis defined without regard to allele frequencies and showed how this physiological epistasis differed from the Fisherian notion of statistical epistasis and even contributed to the additive genetic variance. The Fisherian regression model minimizes the statistical influence of gene interactions ...
NATURAL SELECTION FOR AN INTERMEDIATE OPTIMUM Of the
... The genetic variability displayed by quantitative characteristics in natural populations of cross-breeding species must in the main be preserved by three types of mechanism. We may expect that there will be some loci affecting the particular metric character concerned which have no influence on repr ...
... The genetic variability displayed by quantitative characteristics in natural populations of cross-breeding species must in the main be preserved by three types of mechanism. We may expect that there will be some loci affecting the particular metric character concerned which have no influence on repr ...
Homoeotic and atavic mutations in insects Two main types of
... locus transform only distal joints of the We will analyze below whether these reantenna into joints distal to the basitarsus. gional transformations reflect the exisA comparative analysis of these transfor- tence of specific genes or alleles affecting mations allows us to construct a homology region ...
... locus transform only distal joints of the We will analyze below whether these reantenna into joints distal to the basitarsus. gional transformations reflect the exisA comparative analysis of these transfor- tence of specific genes or alleles affecting mations allows us to construct a homology region ...
CURRICULUM VITAE - Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
... Annual symposium of the W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology for students and postdocs 2003, 2004, 2005 (organized with Prof. Robert Anholt and Prof. John Vandenbergh) "Insect-resistant transgenic plants in a multitropic context". Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2001 (organized with Prof. Marcel ...
... Annual symposium of the W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology for students and postdocs 2003, 2004, 2005 (organized with Prof. Robert Anholt and Prof. John Vandenbergh) "Insect-resistant transgenic plants in a multitropic context". Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2001 (organized with Prof. Marcel ...
Darwin`s Postulates
... – populations have natural variation – the organism’s features are heritable – more offspring are produced than can survive – some individuals produce more offspring because of the environment ...
... – populations have natural variation – the organism’s features are heritable – more offspring are produced than can survive – some individuals produce more offspring because of the environment ...
Overextension: The Extended Mind and Arguments from
... so, as it is not even clear how one would begin to make the case for EMT2 using the EPT: the latter is a thesis about which of the many effects of a gene evolutionary biologists should consider its phenotype, the former is a thesis about what kind of entity cognitive scientists should study. The fac ...
... so, as it is not even clear how one would begin to make the case for EMT2 using the EPT: the latter is a thesis about which of the many effects of a gene evolutionary biologists should consider its phenotype, the former is a thesis about what kind of entity cognitive scientists should study. The fac ...
Genetics - Paxon Biology
... discover the genotype frequencies in a population and to track their changes from one generation to another. - This has become known as the "Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation." - Hardy, Weinberg, and the population geneticists who followed them came to understand that evolution will not occur in a ...
... discover the genotype frequencies in a population and to track their changes from one generation to another. - This has become known as the "Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation." - Hardy, Weinberg, and the population geneticists who followed them came to understand that evolution will not occur in a ...
Lack of Assortative Mating Between Incipient Species of Stickleback
... and, thus, the development and maintenance of divergent species, can be ecologydependent. Here, we present results from a study of assortative mating between recently diverged anadromous and freshwater sticklebacks conducted in semi-natural conditions. Sympatric anadromous and freshwater stickleback ...
... and, thus, the development and maintenance of divergent species, can be ecologydependent. Here, we present results from a study of assortative mating between recently diverged anadromous and freshwater sticklebacks conducted in semi-natural conditions. Sympatric anadromous and freshwater stickleback ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.