setting the stage: phenotypic plasticity as habitat selection
... pared with responses to resources, and thereby to identify potential habitat-selecting characters, and (b) show that habitat selection through plasticity to cues can influence the phenotypic expression of other characters, including important lifehistory characters. The shade avoidance response is a ...
... pared with responses to resources, and thereby to identify potential habitat-selecting characters, and (b) show that habitat selection through plasticity to cues can influence the phenotypic expression of other characters, including important lifehistory characters. The shade avoidance response is a ...
Rare Disease Handbook - University College Dublin
... The contents of this handbook, (“Content”) are for informational purposes only. The Content is never intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. You should always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions you may have about a medical condition. You s ...
... The contents of this handbook, (“Content”) are for informational purposes only. The Content is never intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. You should always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions you may have about a medical condition. You s ...
Evolving technical trading rules for spot foreign
... entire language or, perhaps more usefully, a subset of a language geared towards the problem at hand. In GE, a BNF definition is used to describe the output language to be produced by the system. BNF is a notation for expressing the grammar of a language in the form of production rules. BNF grammars ...
... entire language or, perhaps more usefully, a subset of a language geared towards the problem at hand. In GE, a BNF definition is used to describe the output language to be produced by the system. BNF is a notation for expressing the grammar of a language in the form of production rules. BNF grammars ...
Positive and Negative Selection on Noncoding
... For a population at Fisher–Wright equilibrium, and assuming no selection, p and hw estimates are expected to be equal to one another. They are expected to differ, however, if there is a skew in the SFS toward low- or high-frequency alleles. The level of skew can be quantified by the Tajima’s D stati ...
... For a population at Fisher–Wright equilibrium, and assuming no selection, p and hw estimates are expected to be equal to one another. They are expected to differ, however, if there is a skew in the SFS toward low- or high-frequency alleles. The level of skew can be quantified by the Tajima’s D stati ...
Non-genetic Transmission of Memes by Diffusion
... optimization. Various factors that affect the learning and selection process of meme(s) will also be discussed. ...
... optimization. Various factors that affect the learning and selection process of meme(s) will also be discussed. ...
Chapter 2 - RinaldiPsych
... Many factors have an impact on behavior other than genetics (nature) or learning (nurture) “Nurture” now encompasses learning and environment While it is generally accepted that behavior is a product of nature and nurture, many still ask how much is determined by each, but genetic and experiential f ...
... Many factors have an impact on behavior other than genetics (nature) or learning (nurture) “Nurture” now encompasses learning and environment While it is generally accepted that behavior is a product of nature and nurture, many still ask how much is determined by each, but genetic and experiential f ...
Thinking about Human Evolution Continued
... Many factors have an impact on behavior other than genetics (nature) or learning (nurture) “Nurture” now encompasses learning and environment While it is generally accepted that behavior is a product of nature and nurture, many still ask how much is determined by each, but genetic and experiential f ...
... Many factors have an impact on behavior other than genetics (nature) or learning (nurture) “Nurture” now encompasses learning and environment While it is generally accepted that behavior is a product of nature and nurture, many still ask how much is determined by each, but genetic and experiential f ...
Ecological explanations for (incomplete) speciation
... Lineage sorting: related to genotypic clustering, but generally referring to the grouping of taxa in gene genealogies, which can range from polyphyletic through to reciprocally monophyletic relationships. ‘Multifarious selection’ hypothesis: a hypothesis predicting that the completeness of speciatio ...
... Lineage sorting: related to genotypic clustering, but generally referring to the grouping of taxa in gene genealogies, which can range from polyphyletic through to reciprocally monophyletic relationships. ‘Multifarious selection’ hypothesis: a hypothesis predicting that the completeness of speciatio ...
00
... In 2006, the Army decided it was much more cost-effective to hire an in house fencing crew. The addition of the Army’s fencing crew will save the program thousands of dollars and will allow fences to be built much faster than in previous years. This crew has already proven to be more economical and ...
... In 2006, the Army decided it was much more cost-effective to hire an in house fencing crew. The addition of the Army’s fencing crew will save the program thousands of dollars and will allow fences to be built much faster than in previous years. This crew has already proven to be more economical and ...
Current hypotheses for the evolution of sex and recombination
... 1964) caused by the irreversible build-up of deleterious mutations in finite asexual populations. 2. Parasitic resistance (also known as the Red Queen hypothesis). By recombining genomes, sexuals are more likely to create new genotypes that are able to adapt to environments that fluctuate determinis ...
... 1964) caused by the irreversible build-up of deleterious mutations in finite asexual populations. 2. Parasitic resistance (also known as the Red Queen hypothesis). By recombining genomes, sexuals are more likely to create new genotypes that are able to adapt to environments that fluctuate determinis ...
Article Relaxed Observance of Traditional Marriage
... social rules and population genetics possible. Second, marriage rules act at very small scales: Either within communities or across a small cluster of communities. Community-level sampling (as opposed to regional collections from schools or medical clinics) is now starting to become more common. We ...
... social rules and population genetics possible. Second, marriage rules act at very small scales: Either within communities or across a small cluster of communities. Community-level sampling (as opposed to regional collections from schools or medical clinics) is now starting to become more common. We ...
The genetics of migration on the move
... Figure 1. Useful model organisms with which to study the genetics of migration in different taxa. (a) Monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus. Eastern North American monarch butterflies migrate south during the fall migration (red arrows east of the Rocky Mountains). Their long-distance migratory route l ...
... Figure 1. Useful model organisms with which to study the genetics of migration in different taxa. (a) Monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus. Eastern North American monarch butterflies migrate south during the fall migration (red arrows east of the Rocky Mountains). Their long-distance migratory route l ...
Drosophila
... cabinet at 25°C: The need to sterilize the culture bottles before unplugging them for washing is evident when one considers that all culture bottles become reservoirs for contamination from molds, mites, and other Drosophila strains. Etherization: To examine and count flies it is necessary to anaest ...
... cabinet at 25°C: The need to sterilize the culture bottles before unplugging them for washing is evident when one considers that all culture bottles become reservoirs for contamination from molds, mites, and other Drosophila strains. Etherization: To examine and count flies it is necessary to anaest ...
Differential Regulation of Antagonistic Pleiotropy in Synthetic and
... The existence of such trade-offs in multiple phenotypes results in a paradigm where no single ...
... The existence of such trade-offs in multiple phenotypes results in a paradigm where no single ...
Genomic Consequences of Background Effects on scalloped Mutant
... mutations can establish whether a gene is necessary for a particular developmental event or regulation of other genes. Developmental genetic analyses often use allelic series ranging from weak hypomorphic to null (amorphic) mutations to study specific aspects of the gene structure/function relations ...
... mutations can establish whether a gene is necessary for a particular developmental event or regulation of other genes. Developmental genetic analyses often use allelic series ranging from weak hypomorphic to null (amorphic) mutations to study specific aspects of the gene structure/function relations ...
A Cladistic Analysis of Phenotype Associations with
... structed that represents the evolutionary relationships to haploid genetic elements (alleles or haplotypes) are between the present-day haplotypes. The cladogram at the very core of quantitative genetic theory. is then used to define a nested statistical analysisthat Two such measures are commonly u ...
... structed that represents the evolutionary relationships to haploid genetic elements (alleles or haplotypes) are between the present-day haplotypes. The cladogram at the very core of quantitative genetic theory. is then used to define a nested statistical analysisthat Two such measures are commonly u ...
Widespread Macromolecular Interaction Perturbations in Human
... ously reported that a considerable portion of Mendelian disease mutations could indeed be predicted computation(Chin et al., 2011). However, many fundamental questions re- ally to cause interaction-specific, or ‘‘edgetic,’’ perturbations garding genotype-phenotype relationships remain unresolved (Zh ...
... ously reported that a considerable portion of Mendelian disease mutations could indeed be predicted computation(Chin et al., 2011). However, many fundamental questions re- ally to cause interaction-specific, or ‘‘edgetic,’’ perturbations garding genotype-phenotype relationships remain unresolved (Zh ...
1 Natural Selection 2 Mutation
... For haploids, the mean relative fitness of the population is w̄ = 1 − q + (1 − s)q = 1 − sq and at equilibrium q = qe = u/s, so mean relative fitness is w̄e = 1 − u. Surprisingly, the effect of mutation on the mean relative fitness of the population is to decrease it by fraction u, which is independ ...
... For haploids, the mean relative fitness of the population is w̄ = 1 − q + (1 − s)q = 1 − sq and at equilibrium q = qe = u/s, so mean relative fitness is w̄e = 1 − u. Surprisingly, the effect of mutation on the mean relative fitness of the population is to decrease it by fraction u, which is independ ...
Karyotype Polymorphism in Hybrid Populations of Drosophila
... strains were established. Each strain was initiated by crossing one D. nasuta male and one D. alborn/cans female. Their hybrid offsprings were maintained with the non-overlapping generation method for 2.5 y (i.e., 45 generations) and then subjected to karyotype analysis. The origins of the 3rd, 4th, ...
... strains were established. Each strain was initiated by crossing one D. nasuta male and one D. alborn/cans female. Their hybrid offsprings were maintained with the non-overlapping generation method for 2.5 y (i.e., 45 generations) and then subjected to karyotype analysis. The origins of the 3rd, 4th, ...
horiuchi - Genetics
... The failure of the phoRc and phoB mutations to complement implies that there is only a single positive control gene (phoB) for AP synthesis. An alternate hypothesis that one of the mutations has a polar effect on a second cistron is unlikely. By this hypothesis, one of the mutations is a nonsense mu ...
... The failure of the phoRc and phoB mutations to complement implies that there is only a single positive control gene (phoB) for AP synthesis. An alternate hypothesis that one of the mutations has a polar effect on a second cistron is unlikely. By this hypothesis, one of the mutations is a nonsense mu ...
Evolutionary ecology of plant-plant interactions
... As a possible adaptation to the sedentary life form and severe competition for the limiting resources (light, water or nutrients) from neighbours, the same plant genotype may show a large variation in phenotypic characters. Especially the number of different plant parts, i.e. branches, leaves, flower ...
... As a possible adaptation to the sedentary life form and severe competition for the limiting resources (light, water or nutrients) from neighbours, the same plant genotype may show a large variation in phenotypic characters. Especially the number of different plant parts, i.e. branches, leaves, flower ...
DNA and the Book of Mormon: A Phylogenetic Perspective
... the way in which biologists collect data and proceed with their research. This revolution has come about by technological innovations that allow scientists to efficiently sequence DNA for a wide range of organisms, resulting in vast quantities of genetic data from a diverse array of creatures. From ...
... the way in which biologists collect data and proceed with their research. This revolution has come about by technological innovations that allow scientists to efficiently sequence DNA for a wide range of organisms, resulting in vast quantities of genetic data from a diverse array of creatures. From ...
NUMERICAL MUTATIONS - Development of e
... meiosis-based plant breeding. The techniques have been successfully applied to several important crop plants, such as soybeans and tobacco. The anther technique for producing monoploids does not work in all organisms or in all genotypes of an organism. Another useful technique has been developed in ...
... meiosis-based plant breeding. The techniques have been successfully applied to several important crop plants, such as soybeans and tobacco. The anther technique for producing monoploids does not work in all organisms or in all genotypes of an organism. Another useful technique has been developed in ...
Inherited Representations are Read in
... nothing about, how the processes of individual development are likely to unfold. This article re-examines that concession in the light of subsequent developments and concludes that, where development involves reading genetic representation (in the sense set out below), various defeasible inferences ...
... nothing about, how the processes of individual development are likely to unfold. This article re-examines that concession in the light of subsequent developments and concludes that, where development involves reading genetic representation (in the sense set out below), various defeasible inferences ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.