Organismal lineages
... The balance between horizontally acquired and vertically generated variation will continue to change until the evolution of the cell is complete, until the complex(finalized) modern cell types emerge ...
... The balance between horizontally acquired and vertically generated variation will continue to change until the evolution of the cell is complete, until the complex(finalized) modern cell types emerge ...
Deme 1.0 - BioQUEST Curriculum Consortium
... How it works: Model details Deme begins by calculating q0, the initial frequency of the B allele among gametes that will unite to form zygotes in generation 1, as q0 = 1 – p0. The population is then tracked through the following life cycle stages: 1) Zygotes. Deme assumes random mating among the gam ...
... How it works: Model details Deme begins by calculating q0, the initial frequency of the B allele among gametes that will unite to form zygotes in generation 1, as q0 = 1 – p0. The population is then tracked through the following life cycle stages: 1) Zygotes. Deme assumes random mating among the gam ...
Introduction: The Domestication of Plants and Animals: Ten
... consulted 10 July 2010), but fewer than 500 have been at least partly domesticated (although a larger number is actually used by humans). Are these 500 domesticated species the result of experimentation by early farmers based on some favorable characteristics that stimulated their cultivation? For e ...
... consulted 10 July 2010), but fewer than 500 have been at least partly domesticated (although a larger number is actually used by humans). Are these 500 domesticated species the result of experimentation by early farmers based on some favorable characteristics that stimulated their cultivation? For e ...
34-The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates
... feeding on organic matter. Amidst this bustle, it would have been easy to overlook certain slender, 3-cm-long creatures gliding through the water: Myllokunmingia fengjiaoa (Figure 34.1). Although lacking armor and appendages, this ancient species was closely related to one of the most successful gro ...
... feeding on organic matter. Amidst this bustle, it would have been easy to overlook certain slender, 3-cm-long creatures gliding through the water: Myllokunmingia fengjiaoa (Figure 34.1). Although lacking armor and appendages, this ancient species was closely related to one of the most successful gro ...
Mammalian monogamy is not controlled by a single gene
... avpr1a- transgenic M. pennsylvanicus (28), which indicates that these complex behavioral patterns are regulated by several neural circuits (29). Given the multifactorial nature of these systems, it seems important that future studies explicitly consider the large variation in both behavioral and neu ...
... avpr1a- transgenic M. pennsylvanicus (28), which indicates that these complex behavioral patterns are regulated by several neural circuits (29). Given the multifactorial nature of these systems, it seems important that future studies explicitly consider the large variation in both behavioral and neu ...
Asexual & Sexual Reproduction
... intelligence, ability, etc.), More able to adapt to environmental changes. Disadvantages – uniqueness, sometimes traits needed for survival are not passed on. ...
... intelligence, ability, etc.), More able to adapt to environmental changes. Disadvantages – uniqueness, sometimes traits needed for survival are not passed on. ...
HGSS2 History of Genetics
... without end!” The implication for biology is clear. The term “First Cause” derives from one of the arguments made by the medieval scholar Thomas Aquinas for the existence of God. God’s initial creation may not have resulted in a large number of immutable species. Instead, there was one “living filam ...
... without end!” The implication for biology is clear. The term “First Cause” derives from one of the arguments made by the medieval scholar Thomas Aquinas for the existence of God. God’s initial creation may not have resulted in a large number of immutable species. Instead, there was one “living filam ...
Behavioral Neuroscience
... A change in gene frequencies within a population over many generations; A mechanism by which genetically influenced characteristics of a population may change. Changes may occur due to mutations or errors occurring during copying of original DNA sequence. Changes may occur due to natural selection. ...
... A change in gene frequencies within a population over many generations; A mechanism by which genetically influenced characteristics of a population may change. Changes may occur due to mutations or errors occurring during copying of original DNA sequence. Changes may occur due to natural selection. ...
Sexual-Selection Models for Exaggerated Traits
... color. A reasonable conclusion is the different colored morphs choose one another as mates. Thus, discovery of a behavioral mechanism in mate choice shaped thinking about the Midas cichlid as a model for speciation in the African Great Lakes. However, how that assortative mating arises was not known ...
... color. A reasonable conclusion is the different colored morphs choose one another as mates. Thus, discovery of a behavioral mechanism in mate choice shaped thinking about the Midas cichlid as a model for speciation in the African Great Lakes. However, how that assortative mating arises was not known ...
Sequence Alignment - NIU Department of Biological Sciences
... sequence that is the common ancestor of both proteins. – Most paired amino acids are identical, but a few are different. Reduce the problem: consider a single aligned pair of amino acids, that are not identical. T-S We are comparing 2 theories of how these amino acids were derived from a common ance ...
... sequence that is the common ancestor of both proteins. – Most paired amino acids are identical, but a few are different. Reduce the problem: consider a single aligned pair of amino acids, that are not identical. T-S We are comparing 2 theories of how these amino acids were derived from a common ance ...
Lab 4 - University of Toronto Mississauga
... Natural selection disturbs Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by discriminating between individuals with respect to their ability to produce young. Those individuals that survive and reproduce will perpetuate more of their genes in the population. These individuals are said to exhibit greater fitness than t ...
... Natural selection disturbs Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by discriminating between individuals with respect to their ability to produce young. Those individuals that survive and reproduce will perpetuate more of their genes in the population. These individuals are said to exhibit greater fitness than t ...
Maintenance of genetic diversity: challenges for management of
... New animals may migrate from one population to another, and if they mate within the new population, they have the potential to contribute new alleles to the local gene pool. This is called gene flow. There are many theoretical types of genetic population structure (cf. Smedbol et al., 2002); these r ...
... New animals may migrate from one population to another, and if they mate within the new population, they have the potential to contribute new alleles to the local gene pool. This is called gene flow. There are many theoretical types of genetic population structure (cf. Smedbol et al., 2002); these r ...
Linkage Groups & Chromosome Maps
... tan body trait is also X-linked and is dominant to yellow bodies. A female who is heterozygous both traits with the dominant alleles located on the same chromosome is crossed with a white eyed, yellow bodied male. Show the cross and the phenotypic proportions (Don't forget these traits are X-linked! ...
... tan body trait is also X-linked and is dominant to yellow bodies. A female who is heterozygous both traits with the dominant alleles located on the same chromosome is crossed with a white eyed, yellow bodied male. Show the cross and the phenotypic proportions (Don't forget these traits are X-linked! ...
Deception Through Terminology
... the bacteria changed over time in 12 isolated flasks. The changes in the 12 flasks were independent of each other because the bacteria were never moved from one of the 12 flasks to a different flask. They were always isolated from one another. For more than 20 years, by the time Dawkins wrote his bo ...
... the bacteria changed over time in 12 isolated flasks. The changes in the 12 flasks were independent of each other because the bacteria were never moved from one of the 12 flasks to a different flask. They were always isolated from one another. For more than 20 years, by the time Dawkins wrote his bo ...
Remember that
... The dominance variation is equal to VD= Here are some things to note: 1. the dominance deviation, d, can contribute to VA if q>p. 2. The additive genetic variation can be derived in terms of gene frequencies (p and q), the additive effects of alleles (a), and the dominance deviation (d). Thus there ...
... The dominance variation is equal to VD= Here are some things to note: 1. the dominance deviation, d, can contribute to VA if q>p. 2. The additive genetic variation can be derived in terms of gene frequencies (p and q), the additive effects of alleles (a), and the dominance deviation (d). Thus there ...
Pretest Student Key
... figures shown above on your paper? • A. New genetic instructions have been disregarded in the evolution of vertebrates. • B. Early in development, vertebrate embryos show no evidence of common ancestry. • C. The evolutionary history of organisms is evident in the way embryos develop. • D. All adult ...
... figures shown above on your paper? • A. New genetic instructions have been disregarded in the evolution of vertebrates. • B. Early in development, vertebrate embryos show no evidence of common ancestry. • C. The evolutionary history of organisms is evident in the way embryos develop. • D. All adult ...
The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation
... Mutations occur at random throughout our DNA. Every new organism is born with a new set of mutations. But while mutation is random, natural selection is not. Natural selection sorts out the winners and losers and that's really what the whole process of evolution is driven by. [NARRATOR:] But if natu ...
... Mutations occur at random throughout our DNA. Every new organism is born with a new set of mutations. But while mutation is random, natural selection is not. Natural selection sorts out the winners and losers and that's really what the whole process of evolution is driven by. [NARRATOR:] But if natu ...
Mcbio 316 - Fall 1996 ANSWER KEY Exam 1 Q1. A frameshift
... • Mutant 2 is probably a base substitution mutation because reversion is stimulated by the base analog and alkylating agent, and because it is a CS mutation. • Mutant 3 is probably a base substitution mutation because reversion is stimulated by the base analog and alkylating agent, and because it is ...
... • Mutant 2 is probably a base substitution mutation because reversion is stimulated by the base analog and alkylating agent, and because it is a CS mutation. • Mutant 3 is probably a base substitution mutation because reversion is stimulated by the base analog and alkylating agent, and because it is ...
Document
... Punishing individual for being very large • e.g., linear parsimony pressure (problem?) • revised fitness f = r – (1 – )s, where r: fitness, s: size of individual • e.g., non-parametric parsimony pressure ...
... Punishing individual for being very large • e.g., linear parsimony pressure (problem?) • revised fitness f = r – (1 – )s, where r: fitness, s: size of individual • e.g., non-parametric parsimony pressure ...
e-GRASP: an integrated evolutionary and GRASP
... The GRASP2 database includes results from 2082 studies, 177 broad phenotype categories, and ~8.87 million SNPphenotype associations. For each SNP in e-GRASP, we present information from the GRASP2 database for convenience as well as evolutionary information (e.g., rate and timespan). Users can, ther ...
... The GRASP2 database includes results from 2082 studies, 177 broad phenotype categories, and ~8.87 million SNPphenotype associations. For each SNP in e-GRASP, we present information from the GRASP2 database for convenience as well as evolutionary information (e.g., rate and timespan). Users can, ther ...
lecture2.pps
... potentially lethal microorganisms and parasites which, having much shorter life cycles, can evolve much faster. • Sexual reproduction provides a mechanism to generate and maintain diversity at many genetic loci What is the Relevance to the Evolution of Glycan Diversity? ...
... potentially lethal microorganisms and parasites which, having much shorter life cycles, can evolve much faster. • Sexual reproduction provides a mechanism to generate and maintain diversity at many genetic loci What is the Relevance to the Evolution of Glycan Diversity? ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.