DNA barcoding: how it complements taxonomy, molecular
... photographs and locality information, and assembling the barcode library (i.e. a 650-base segment of the COI gene) [16]. The analysis of DNA barcoding data is usually performed by a clustering method, such as distance-based neighbor-joining (NJ) [25], and by evaluating genetic distances within and b ...
... photographs and locality information, and assembling the barcode library (i.e. a 650-base segment of the COI gene) [16]. The analysis of DNA barcoding data is usually performed by a clustering method, such as distance-based neighbor-joining (NJ) [25], and by evaluating genetic distances within and b ...
Darwin`s Theory of Evolution The Puzzle of Life`s Diversity Chapter
... lizard. In some species, legs have become so small longer they no _______ function ______ in walking. Why would an organism possess organs with ___ little or no function ________________? One explanation: code is present to make the organ, but The gene ________ function has been lost through _______ ...
... lizard. In some species, legs have become so small longer they no _______ function ______ in walking. Why would an organism possess organs with ___ little or no function ________________? One explanation: code is present to make the organ, but The gene ________ function has been lost through _______ ...
Sexual development in C
... 4. (30 points) I lectured about the experiment where in an attempt to isolate new alleles of the coat color gene C, wild-type male mice with black fur were mutagenized with X rays and mated to albino female mice that were homozygous for the recessive allele c. Many albino mice were isolated in this ...
... 4. (30 points) I lectured about the experiment where in an attempt to isolate new alleles of the coat color gene C, wild-type male mice with black fur were mutagenized with X rays and mated to albino female mice that were homozygous for the recessive allele c. Many albino mice were isolated in this ...
A TILLING Reverse Genetics Tool and a Web
... mutation bearing plant, progeny of which will segregate the mutation of interest. Although a high-throughput TILLING facility has been successfully established for Arabidopsis (Colbert et al., 2001), several aspects of plant biology cannot be studied in this model plant; for example, root symbiosis ...
... mutation bearing plant, progeny of which will segregate the mutation of interest. Although a high-throughput TILLING facility has been successfully established for Arabidopsis (Colbert et al., 2001), several aspects of plant biology cannot be studied in this model plant; for example, root symbiosis ...
Unraveling the Genetic Predisposition for Aortic Aneurysms: Is it
... neurysms and dissections are the major pathologies affecting the thoracic aorta. Based on available data, up to 20% of individuals with thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) may have a first-degree relative with aortic aneurysms or dissection, indicating a strong genetic predisposition.1 Within families, ...
... neurysms and dissections are the major pathologies affecting the thoracic aorta. Based on available data, up to 20% of individuals with thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) may have a first-degree relative with aortic aneurysms or dissection, indicating a strong genetic predisposition.1 Within families, ...
The Hardy-Weinberg Law of Genetic Equilibrium
... heterozygous carriers of recessive alleles for certain genetic diseases. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a human metabolic disorder that results in mental retardation if it is untreated in infancy. In the United States, one out of approximately 10,000 babies is born with the disorder. Approximately what pe ...
... heterozygous carriers of recessive alleles for certain genetic diseases. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a human metabolic disorder that results in mental retardation if it is untreated in infancy. In the United States, one out of approximately 10,000 babies is born with the disorder. Approximately what pe ...
Escherichia coli rpoB Mutants Have Increased
... quantitative expectations for how a mutation with a given deleterious fitness effect should influence evolvability, and they will thus inform future studies of how deleterious, neutral, and beneficial mutations targeting other cellular processes impact the evolutionary potential of microorganisms. K ...
... quantitative expectations for how a mutation with a given deleterious fitness effect should influence evolvability, and they will thus inform future studies of how deleterious, neutral, and beneficial mutations targeting other cellular processes impact the evolutionary potential of microorganisms. K ...
CEBPA resembles Roman god Janus
... survival 88% vs 25%, respectively).9,10 This occurs despite the fact that both patient groups display marked similarity in gene expression signatures. However, the clinical phenotype of the leukemias with epigenetic CEBPA silencing is distinct, with expression of T-cell markers and NOTCH1 mutations. ...
... survival 88% vs 25%, respectively).9,10 This occurs despite the fact that both patient groups display marked similarity in gene expression signatures. However, the clinical phenotype of the leukemias with epigenetic CEBPA silencing is distinct, with expression of T-cell markers and NOTCH1 mutations. ...
Genetics
... Thomas Hunt Morgan of Columbia University, and has been a staple of genetic research ever since. Drosophila specimens are well suited to investigations into Mendelian patterns of inheritance; they are small, produce large numbers of offspring, have many easily discernible mutations, have only four p ...
... Thomas Hunt Morgan of Columbia University, and has been a staple of genetic research ever since. Drosophila specimens are well suited to investigations into Mendelian patterns of inheritance; they are small, produce large numbers of offspring, have many easily discernible mutations, have only four p ...
CEBPA resembles Roman god Janus
... survival 88% vs 25%, respectively).9,10 This occurs despite the fact that both patient groups display marked similarity in gene expression signatures. However, the clinical phenotype of the leukemias with epigenetic CEBPA silencing is distinct, with expression of T-cell markers and NOTCH1 mutations. ...
... survival 88% vs 25%, respectively).9,10 This occurs despite the fact that both patient groups display marked similarity in gene expression signatures. However, the clinical phenotype of the leukemias with epigenetic CEBPA silencing is distinct, with expression of T-cell markers and NOTCH1 mutations. ...
Cocci.GR.letter
... Our questions concern the adaptation of Coccidioides to growth with animals in nature and to pathogenicity of humans. Here, we have compared genomes to find evolutionary evidence to support hypotheses identifying genes involved in these two adaptations. We feel that the gene expansions and contracti ...
... Our questions concern the adaptation of Coccidioides to growth with animals in nature and to pathogenicity of humans. Here, we have compared genomes to find evolutionary evidence to support hypotheses identifying genes involved in these two adaptations. We feel that the gene expansions and contracti ...
as a PDF
... sources. Features specific to an application are only present in form of certain gene configurations in individuals in later stages of the evolutionary process. The combination of genetic material from different sources is therefore only possible by combining individuals, for example with a cross-ov ...
... sources. Features specific to an application are only present in form of certain gene configurations in individuals in later stages of the evolutionary process. The combination of genetic material from different sources is therefore only possible by combining individuals, for example with a cross-ov ...
Selective Breeding
... maintain certain stable traits that animals will pass to the next generation. ï These are traits that humans find desirable in domesticated species such as disease resistance, strength, calmness, more lean meat, endurance, etc. ...
... maintain certain stable traits that animals will pass to the next generation. ï These are traits that humans find desirable in domesticated species such as disease resistance, strength, calmness, more lean meat, endurance, etc. ...
Pairwise Comparison of Hypotheses in Evolutionary Learning
... learning algorithm (or other heuristics) that explicitly evaluates and compares hypotheses. However, it is of special importance in genetic programming, where the offspring solutions have often low fitness due to the destructive nature of mutation and recombination ...
... learning algorithm (or other heuristics) that explicitly evaluates and compares hypotheses. However, it is of special importance in genetic programming, where the offspring solutions have often low fitness due to the destructive nature of mutation and recombination ...
Modification of centromere structure: a promising
... investigation. This is a slow process due to the many (usually 8 to 10) generations required to reach nearly complete homozygosity. In some species, it is possible to induce haploid (1n) sporophyte individuals from a highly heterozygous parent plant. The haploid can then be induced to double its chr ...
... investigation. This is a slow process due to the many (usually 8 to 10) generations required to reach nearly complete homozygosity. In some species, it is possible to induce haploid (1n) sporophyte individuals from a highly heterozygous parent plant. The haploid can then be induced to double its chr ...
An Investigation into the Genomic Evolution of the Histone Gene
... conversion - have been documented to occur, and are understood in molecular detail, but their role in concerted evolution is primarily based on theoretical and/or mathematical models with limited data from actual genome sequence to support them. It is the hypothesis of this research that if unequal ...
... conversion - have been documented to occur, and are understood in molecular detail, but their role in concerted evolution is primarily based on theoretical and/or mathematical models with limited data from actual genome sequence to support them. It is the hypothesis of this research that if unequal ...
A hands-on activity to introduce the effects of transmission by an
... This activity is developed to engage and help students measure the transmission of EAB. To prepare the activity, I used historical transmission data for EAB (Table 2; http://www.emeraldashborer.info). Using real data may help students find relevance to the activity. Briefly, EAB is native to Asia an ...
... This activity is developed to engage and help students measure the transmission of EAB. To prepare the activity, I used historical transmission data for EAB (Table 2; http://www.emeraldashborer.info). Using real data may help students find relevance to the activity. Briefly, EAB is native to Asia an ...
Migration and Drift
... two or three times. What typically happens? f) How large does a population have to be before a mildly advangateous allele will become fixed as rapidly as it would in a population of infinite size? How strongly does the answer depend on the strength of selection and the mutation rate? ...
... two or three times. What typically happens? f) How large does a population have to be before a mildly advangateous allele will become fixed as rapidly as it would in a population of infinite size? How strongly does the answer depend on the strength of selection and the mutation rate? ...
15-3 Darwin Presents His Case
... In natural selection, the traits being selected contribute to an organism's fitness in its environment. ...
... In natural selection, the traits being selected contribute to an organism's fitness in its environment. ...
Genetic Algorithms
... â fi is the fitness of individual i, and â ïfj represents the sum of all the fitnesses of the individuals with the population. This type of selection is similar to using a roulette wheel where the fitness of an individual is represented as proportionate slice of wheel. The wheel is then spun and the ...
... â fi is the fitness of individual i, and â ïfj represents the sum of all the fitnesses of the individuals with the population. This type of selection is similar to using a roulette wheel where the fitness of an individual is represented as proportionate slice of wheel. The wheel is then spun and the ...
Lectures 21, 22, and 23: Phylogenic Trees and Evolution Steven
... each pair being inherited from each parent. Gametes form a single chromosome from each pair through recombination, where a crossover operation randomly alternates between the two chromosomes to select which gene copy to pass on. Such sexual reproduction provides explanations for many things, includi ...
... each pair being inherited from each parent. Gametes form a single chromosome from each pair through recombination, where a crossover operation randomly alternates between the two chromosomes to select which gene copy to pass on. Such sexual reproduction provides explanations for many things, includi ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.