proximate-ultimate-ms-feb2014 (Harvard) - Philsci
... have been debating how the distinction (here abbreviated as PUD) should be understood, what conceptual work it does, and how it can illuminate debates about issues such as niche construction and evolutionary developmental biology (Laland et al 2011; Laland et al 2012; Haig 2013; Dickins, & Barton 20 ...
... have been debating how the distinction (here abbreviated as PUD) should be understood, what conceptual work it does, and how it can illuminate debates about issues such as niche construction and evolutionary developmental biology (Laland et al 2011; Laland et al 2012; Haig 2013; Dickins, & Barton 20 ...
Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
... - half from the mother - half from the father • The zygote develops into a new organism. ...
... - half from the mother - half from the father • The zygote develops into a new organism. ...
Natural Selection
... population size due to a change in the environment • The resulting gene pool may no longer be reflective of the original population’s gene pool • If the population remains small, it may be further affected by genetic drift ...
... population size due to a change in the environment • The resulting gene pool may no longer be reflective of the original population’s gene pool • If the population remains small, it may be further affected by genetic drift ...
Biological-Anthropology-2nd-Edition
... data/methodology; and (5) formation of a conclusion. Stress the equal importance of honest and effective methodology and conclusion formation. Describe the process of theory formation, a hypothesis supported by a large body of observations confirmed by many independent investigators. As part of this ...
... data/methodology; and (5) formation of a conclusion. Stress the equal importance of honest and effective methodology and conclusion formation. Describe the process of theory formation, a hypothesis supported by a large body of observations confirmed by many independent investigators. As part of this ...
Chapter 9 FINDING THE GENES UNDERLYING ADAPTATION TO
... regions. Although all genomic regions in a population have experienced the same demographic events, they have not been affected by these events in precisely the same way. Much of the variability among genomic regions is simply the result of genetic drift (i.e., gene frequency changes resulting from ...
... regions. Although all genomic regions in a population have experienced the same demographic events, they have not been affected by these events in precisely the same way. Much of the variability among genomic regions is simply the result of genetic drift (i.e., gene frequency changes resulting from ...
Trait Dominant Allele Recessive Allele Trait How it is inherited Pod
... A. Describe how a recessive trait can be expressed in an individual’s phenotype. 1. What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive allele? How was this expressed in our furball genetics lab? 2. Why are men more likely to have recessive sex-linked traits? B. Describe how alleles for specif ...
... A. Describe how a recessive trait can be expressed in an individual’s phenotype. 1. What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive allele? How was this expressed in our furball genetics lab? 2. Why are men more likely to have recessive sex-linked traits? B. Describe how alleles for specif ...
p - Bonnabel Home Page
... – Changes in genes that alter the timing, rate, and spatial pattern of growth alter the adult form of an organism ...
... – Changes in genes that alter the timing, rate, and spatial pattern of growth alter the adult form of an organism ...
Section 3
... Linkage Disequilibrium: In large, randomly mating populations at equilibrium, alleles at different loci are expected to be randomly associated. Consider loci A and B with alleles A1, A2, and B1, B2, and frequencies pA, qA, pB, qB, respectively. These loci and alleles form gametes A1B1, A1B2, A2B1, ...
... Linkage Disequilibrium: In large, randomly mating populations at equilibrium, alleles at different loci are expected to be randomly associated. Consider loci A and B with alleles A1, A2, and B1, B2, and frequencies pA, qA, pB, qB, respectively. These loci and alleles form gametes A1B1, A1B2, A2B1, ...
Chromosome Variations
... **4. The Notch mutation is a deletion on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Females heterozygous for Notch have an indentation on the margin of their wings; Notch is lethal in the homozygous and hemizygous conditions. The Notch deletion covers the region of the X chromosome that contains t ...
... **4. The Notch mutation is a deletion on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Females heterozygous for Notch have an indentation on the margin of their wings; Notch is lethal in the homozygous and hemizygous conditions. The Notch deletion covers the region of the X chromosome that contains t ...
Can Evolutionary Principles Explain Patterns of Family
... • Kin are more likely than unrelated individuals to cooperate and less likely to compete, since altruistic behavior provides a way of perpetuating shared genes (W.D. Hamilton) • Inclusive Fitness • Parents care for offspring because they share genes that are rare in population ...
... • Kin are more likely than unrelated individuals to cooperate and less likely to compete, since altruistic behavior provides a way of perpetuating shared genes (W.D. Hamilton) • Inclusive Fitness • Parents care for offspring because they share genes that are rare in population ...
Faik Bioinformatics PowerPoint 2-2006
... answer is always the preferred one. It involves statistical evaluation of the number of mutations need to explain the observed data. The best tree is the one that requires the fewest number of evolutionary changes. ...
... answer is always the preferred one. It involves statistical evaluation of the number of mutations need to explain the observed data. The best tree is the one that requires the fewest number of evolutionary changes. ...
Mimicry in Heliconius and Ithomiini butterflies: The
... are to a large extent conventional signals, established through the reinforcement, by local predators, of a local signal which happens to take over thanks to an initial numerical advantage. Once established and predominant in the local community, locally common patterns are very stable and cannot be ...
... are to a large extent conventional signals, established through the reinforcement, by local predators, of a local signal which happens to take over thanks to an initial numerical advantage. Once established and predominant in the local community, locally common patterns are very stable and cannot be ...
Verkleg Erfðafræði
... Mutation are herritable variations in the sequences DNA bases. Knowing that specific sequences have an important biological meaning for protein translation, even a single base pair change can bring a modification in the nucleotide reading. Point mutations involve base pair substitution with another, ...
... Mutation are herritable variations in the sequences DNA bases. Knowing that specific sequences have an important biological meaning for protein translation, even a single base pair change can bring a modification in the nucleotide reading. Point mutations involve base pair substitution with another, ...
Phytophthora Dieback – detecting the pathogen
... “protectable”, especially where endangered species of flora or fauna, or threatened ecological communities, are present. Effective and accurate monitoring of the presence and spread of P. cinnamomi is therefore fundamental to its management, and to the broader decision-making of land managers. The P ...
... “protectable”, especially where endangered species of flora or fauna, or threatened ecological communities, are present. Effective and accurate monitoring of the presence and spread of P. cinnamomi is therefore fundamental to its management, and to the broader decision-making of land managers. The P ...
Connectivity of Marine Protected Areas in South
... Connectivity of Marine Protected Areas in South-Western Indian Ocean: Using population genetics of reef fish to contribute to the design of MPAs network ...
... Connectivity of Marine Protected Areas in South-Western Indian Ocean: Using population genetics of reef fish to contribute to the design of MPAs network ...
Adaptive Protein Evolution of X-linked and Autosomal Genes in
... The rate of adaptive evolution is expected to differ for X-linked and autosomal genes under several scenarios. If adaptation relies upon new mutations, X-linked genes will adapt faster than autosomes when beneficial mutations are (on average) recessive and adapt slower than autosomes when beneficial ...
... The rate of adaptive evolution is expected to differ for X-linked and autosomal genes under several scenarios. If adaptation relies upon new mutations, X-linked genes will adapt faster than autosomes when beneficial mutations are (on average) recessive and adapt slower than autosomes when beneficial ...
S-B-9-3_Got Lactase? Questions-Teacher Version Got Lactase
... 1. Are you lactose tolerant or lactose intolerant? Based on what you learned in this article, explain how your genes affect whether you can digest milk. Answers will vary, but should include the fact that lactose tolerant individuals carry a mutation to keep the lactase gene permanently turned on, O ...
... 1. Are you lactose tolerant or lactose intolerant? Based on what you learned in this article, explain how your genes affect whether you can digest milk. Answers will vary, but should include the fact that lactose tolerant individuals carry a mutation to keep the lactase gene permanently turned on, O ...
meiosis_10
... Population genetics is the study of the entire pool of genetic diversity within a population. This is greater than the genetic diversity shown by one individual In population genetics, scientists measure and predict changes in allele and genotype frequency from generation to generation Studying it a ...
... Population genetics is the study of the entire pool of genetic diversity within a population. This is greater than the genetic diversity shown by one individual In population genetics, scientists measure and predict changes in allele and genotype frequency from generation to generation Studying it a ...
Atomism, epigenesis, preformation and preexistence: a clarification
... imago? Why does the newborn boy lack a beard? Why are mutilations not heritable? Why does usually only one child result from the combination of two seminal fluids?-These were some of the questions he asked (Kullman, 1979). Based on the observation of the development of the chick (Kullman, 1979: 43), ...
... imago? Why does the newborn boy lack a beard? Why are mutilations not heritable? Why does usually only one child result from the combination of two seminal fluids?-These were some of the questions he asked (Kullman, 1979). Based on the observation of the development of the chick (Kullman, 1979: 43), ...
Name: Period: Pedigree Chart Activity
... This is the story of Grandma and Grandpa Flipnob, and their clan! They were married way back in 1933, and have been just like newlyweds ever since. From their union, 4 individuals were created. Elizabeth, the eldest, was born in 1935. Fred soon followed in 1936. In 1939 Michelle was brought into thi ...
... This is the story of Grandma and Grandpa Flipnob, and their clan! They were married way back in 1933, and have been just like newlyweds ever since. From their union, 4 individuals were created. Elizabeth, the eldest, was born in 1935. Fred soon followed in 1936. In 1939 Michelle was brought into thi ...
Nuclear Gene Indicates Coat-Color Polymorphism in Mammoths
... light-colored mammoth hair has been recovered from permafrost mummies, giving circumstantial evidence that mutations may occur in one of the genes involved in determination Fig. 1. (A) Localization of the fixed and polymorphic positions in mammoth of hair color. We amplified Mc1r. The seven transmem ...
... light-colored mammoth hair has been recovered from permafrost mummies, giving circumstantial evidence that mutations may occur in one of the genes involved in determination Fig. 1. (A) Localization of the fixed and polymorphic positions in mammoth of hair color. We amplified Mc1r. The seven transmem ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.