Firing up the nature/nurture controversy: bioethics and genetic
... for Tay Sachs disease causing mutations. The current tests detect about 95% of carriers of Ashkenazi Jewish background. Thus, the predictive power of the test for Ashkenazi Jews is quite high. The problem with these cases, and the reason why bioethicists using them might inadvertently promote geneti ...
... for Tay Sachs disease causing mutations. The current tests detect about 95% of carriers of Ashkenazi Jewish background. Thus, the predictive power of the test for Ashkenazi Jews is quite high. The problem with these cases, and the reason why bioethicists using them might inadvertently promote geneti ...
How Do Natural Selection and Random Drift
... is the result of the interaction of what they call evolutionary “forces” such as natural selection, mutation, random drift, migration, and mating preferences. Sober (1984b) argued for a realist interpretation of such talk, claiming that it describes factors which causally influence evolution. Recent ...
... is the result of the interaction of what they call evolutionary “forces” such as natural selection, mutation, random drift, migration, and mating preferences. Sober (1984b) argued for a realist interpretation of such talk, claiming that it describes factors which causally influence evolution. Recent ...
Main Title Slide — Always use Title Case on
... N- and C-terminal mutations often occur simultaneously and may affect the same (monoallelic) or different (biallelic) gene alleles. CEBPA mutations (CEBPAmut) have been associated with a favorable prognosis in patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics and those with normal cytogenetics. CEBPAmut ...
... N- and C-terminal mutations often occur simultaneously and may affect the same (monoallelic) or different (biallelic) gene alleles. CEBPA mutations (CEBPAmut) have been associated with a favorable prognosis in patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics and those with normal cytogenetics. CEBPAmut ...
1 Possible consequences of genes of major effect
... large, the fraction of the total phenotypic change attributable to the GOME decreases. Thus, if GOMEs occur very rarely with respect to t, then the total change in mean phenotype will be reasonably well predicted using only G(t0). In this case, the GOME's contribution to evolutionary divergence is s ...
... large, the fraction of the total phenotypic change attributable to the GOME decreases. Thus, if GOMEs occur very rarely with respect to t, then the total change in mean phenotype will be reasonably well predicted using only G(t0). In this case, the GOME's contribution to evolutionary divergence is s ...
remained fairly constant, the present pattern being that of the
... probable that the close resemblance between the males of related species reflects the conservation of an ancestral pattern. The reason for the relative constancy of male pattern may reside in the nature of butterfly courtship. It is known that colour is important in butterfly mating behaviour and Fo ...
... probable that the close resemblance between the males of related species reflects the conservation of an ancestral pattern. The reason for the relative constancy of male pattern may reside in the nature of butterfly courtship. It is known that colour is important in butterfly mating behaviour and Fo ...
IBO 2010 Theory part A_CCL
... D. We can only know the expression profile of genes which are included on the microarray. E. This process includes reverse transcription and hybridization. ...
... D. We can only know the expression profile of genes which are included on the microarray. E. This process includes reverse transcription and hybridization. ...
Naturally occurring genetic variation affects Drosophila
... notypic variation is that selection for order and stability is so strong that it removes all new mutations that perturb the phenotype as soon as they arise. Circumstantial evidence might support this thesis, in that modifiers of major effect mutations accumulate quickly in laboratory stocks. This ex ...
... notypic variation is that selection for order and stability is so strong that it removes all new mutations that perturb the phenotype as soon as they arise. Circumstantial evidence might support this thesis, in that modifiers of major effect mutations accumulate quickly in laboratory stocks. This ex ...
Identification of a 5S rDNA spacer type specific to Triticum urartu and
... The 5S-DNA-1 and 5S-DNA-2 loci occur on different chromosomes but the identities of these chromosomes vary among the Triticeae. In Triticum and Secale, the 5S-DNA-1 units are on chromosome 1 and the 5S-DNA-2 units are on chromosome 5 (Baum and Appels 1992), but in Hordeum the smaller units are on ch ...
... The 5S-DNA-1 and 5S-DNA-2 loci occur on different chromosomes but the identities of these chromosomes vary among the Triticeae. In Triticum and Secale, the 5S-DNA-1 units are on chromosome 1 and the 5S-DNA-2 units are on chromosome 5 (Baum and Appels 1992), but in Hordeum the smaller units are on ch ...
Lecture PPT - Carol Lee Lab
... Krai, Russia; a tooth and toe bone belonging to different members of the same species have since been found. This region was also inhabited at about the same time by Neanderthals and perhaps modern humans. Denisovans ranged from Siberia to Southeast Asia ...
... Krai, Russia; a tooth and toe bone belonging to different members of the same species have since been found. This region was also inhabited at about the same time by Neanderthals and perhaps modern humans. Denisovans ranged from Siberia to Southeast Asia ...
Genetic evaluation in the honey bee considering queen and worker
... the drone-producing queens; paternally, they themselves are also descended from a dummy father, which has to be newly coded and inserted into the pedigree. The advantage of this method is that complete pedigree information is now available for every queen and average worker bee on the paternal side ...
... the drone-producing queens; paternally, they themselves are also descended from a dummy father, which has to be newly coded and inserted into the pedigree. The advantage of this method is that complete pedigree information is now available for every queen and average worker bee on the paternal side ...
Powerpoint Presentation: Evolution and Fixity
... The genotype is being analysed Rates of mutations are assumed to be constant The analysis of DNA provides a molecular clock against which the geological clock can be compared ...
... The genotype is being analysed Rates of mutations are assumed to be constant The analysis of DNA provides a molecular clock against which the geological clock can be compared ...
Selective Breeding
... larger than average for environmental rather than genetic reasons. In small hatchery populations this could result in rapid inbreeding. ...
... larger than average for environmental rather than genetic reasons. In small hatchery populations this could result in rapid inbreeding. ...
royal botanic gardens sydney
... within the flora, fauna and micro-organisms of Australia have a significant potential to be used in bioprospecting and consequently through industries such as the pharmaceutical industries, agrochemical industries and applied chemical and medical uses. There are significant potential benefits for Au ...
... within the flora, fauna and micro-organisms of Australia have a significant potential to be used in bioprospecting and consequently through industries such as the pharmaceutical industries, agrochemical industries and applied chemical and medical uses. There are significant potential benefits for Au ...
Evolutionary Algorithms - Lehrstuhl für Informatik 2
... improved organisms, which must assert themselves in their environment Basis is the biological adaptation as a learning procedure of populations of natural organisms Hypotheses are interpreted and evaluated by a fitness function The hypothesis room is explored by a stochastic search: Selection as fit ...
... improved organisms, which must assert themselves in their environment Basis is the biological adaptation as a learning procedure of populations of natural organisms Hypotheses are interpreted and evaluated by a fitness function The hypothesis room is explored by a stochastic search: Selection as fit ...
laboratory animals
... Consomic strains - a complete chromosome of one strain is transferred on the background of the second strain with back-crosses (similarly as for individual genes in congenic strains, but the process is more complicated) ...
... Consomic strains - a complete chromosome of one strain is transferred on the background of the second strain with back-crosses (similarly as for individual genes in congenic strains, but the process is more complicated) ...
The quantitative genetics of sexual dimorphism
... as to be unrecognizable as the same species (Darwin, 1871) and yet these highly distinct phenotypes can arise from substantively identical genomes. Chromosomal sex determination is clearly not required, as extreme SD occurs in many animals that lack sex chromosomes (i.e., where sex is determined by ...
... as to be unrecognizable as the same species (Darwin, 1871) and yet these highly distinct phenotypes can arise from substantively identical genomes. Chromosomal sex determination is clearly not required, as extreme SD occurs in many animals that lack sex chromosomes (i.e., where sex is determined by ...
Evolution of Cooperation - A Journey to Better Understand Change
... Another quality of successful strategies is that they must be forgiving. Though they will retaliate, they will once again fall back to cooperating if the opponent does not continue to play defects. This stops long runs of revenge and counter-revenge, maximizing points. ...
... Another quality of successful strategies is that they must be forgiving. Though they will retaliate, they will once again fall back to cooperating if the opponent does not continue to play defects. This stops long runs of revenge and counter-revenge, maximizing points. ...
Laboratory animals
... Consomic strains - a complete chromosome of one strain is transferred on the background of the second strain with back-crosses (similarly as for individual genes in congenic strains, but the process is more complicated) ...
... Consomic strains - a complete chromosome of one strain is transferred on the background of the second strain with back-crosses (similarly as for individual genes in congenic strains, but the process is more complicated) ...
A combinational theory for maintenance of sex
... organisms, costs of males are reduced to that of a male function, but have still been estimated as being around 1.5-fold (Lloyd, 1988). A more comprehensive inventory over all groups of organisms showed five potential costs of sex (Lewis, 1987): (1) cellular–mechanical costs of meiosis and syngamy ( ...
... organisms, costs of males are reduced to that of a male function, but have still been estimated as being around 1.5-fold (Lloyd, 1988). A more comprehensive inventory over all groups of organisms showed five potential costs of sex (Lewis, 1987): (1) cellular–mechanical costs of meiosis and syngamy ( ...
The genetical theory of social behaviour
... potential pitfalls should be noted. The expectation of a ratio of random variables (as shown in equation (1.2)) is in general not a ratio of expectations, so one cannot a priori write the expected Wi in this form. The traditional way to overcome this complication in population genetics and evolution ...
... potential pitfalls should be noted. The expectation of a ratio of random variables (as shown in equation (1.2)) is in general not a ratio of expectations, so one cannot a priori write the expected Wi in this form. The traditional way to overcome this complication in population genetics and evolution ...
Introduction to Phylum Chordata
... and tunicates • One hypothesis on the evolution of the vertebrates is Garstang's Hypothesis • It suggests that sessile tunicates were an ancestral stock that evolved a motile larval stage • Garstang speculated that at some point larvae failed to metamorphose into an adult, but developed gonads and r ...
... and tunicates • One hypothesis on the evolution of the vertebrates is Garstang's Hypothesis • It suggests that sessile tunicates were an ancestral stock that evolved a motile larval stage • Garstang speculated that at some point larvae failed to metamorphose into an adult, but developed gonads and r ...
Luria-Delbruck (1943) experiment
... probability of induction (a) is uniform / bacterium a = 10 inductions / 64 cells = 15% observe = 3, 1, 5, & 1 Tonr colonies mean = 10 / 4 = 2.5 Tonr per culture variance = 2.75 Expect Poisson Distribution for rare, random events: variance = mean Homework: Evaluate 16 plants / 64 quadrats distributio ...
... probability of induction (a) is uniform / bacterium a = 10 inductions / 64 cells = 15% observe = 3, 1, 5, & 1 Tonr colonies mean = 10 / 4 = 2.5 Tonr per culture variance = 2.75 Expect Poisson Distribution for rare, random events: variance = mean Homework: Evaluate 16 plants / 64 quadrats distributio ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.