How could colouration affect behaviour in animals?
... effort on the part of man, increases fecundity, may bring about atrophy of certain body organs, enables animals to achieve greater plasticity, and is facilitated by subjugation to man, the domesticator. So far, definitions of domestication regarded the environmental circumstances that the animal exp ...
... effort on the part of man, increases fecundity, may bring about atrophy of certain body organs, enables animals to achieve greater plasticity, and is facilitated by subjugation to man, the domesticator. So far, definitions of domestication regarded the environmental circumstances that the animal exp ...
between genotype and phenotype: protein
... uniquely on a limited set of nearly mature, but inherently unstable, signalling proteins in normal conditions28,29, and that are found generally in the initial stages of unfolding on proteins that have been damaged by stress30,31. Although the HSP60/chaperonins and HSP70 fold many different general ...
... uniquely on a limited set of nearly mature, but inherently unstable, signalling proteins in normal conditions28,29, and that are found generally in the initial stages of unfolding on proteins that have been damaged by stress30,31. Although the HSP60/chaperonins and HSP70 fold many different general ...
Unit 6 Portfolio
... Next, you will play a simulation game to demonstrate how natural selection works. A simulation is a good way to mimic and simplify the process so we can understand how evolution by natural selection works in real populations. This simulation involves two populations of pom-poms. One population lives ...
... Next, you will play a simulation game to demonstrate how natural selection works. A simulation is a good way to mimic and simplify the process so we can understand how evolution by natural selection works in real populations. This simulation involves two populations of pom-poms. One population lives ...
The distribution of substitutions reflects features of homologous
... per window are observed in DND: vertically inherited segments with low number of differences and recombined segments with high number of differences. The distribution of number of differences in vertically inherited segments is similar to the Poisson distribution, whereas the distribution of the num ...
... per window are observed in DND: vertically inherited segments with low number of differences and recombined segments with high number of differences. The distribution of number of differences in vertically inherited segments is similar to the Poisson distribution, whereas the distribution of the num ...
Embryo Transfer as an Assisted Reproductive Technology in Farm
... rapid screening of AI sires for genetically recessive characteristics, treatment or circumvention of certain types of infertility. Embryo transfer also is a useful research tool for evaluating fetal and maternal interactions. This technique has been applied to nearly every species of domestic animal ...
... rapid screening of AI sires for genetically recessive characteristics, treatment or circumvention of certain types of infertility. Embryo transfer also is a useful research tool for evaluating fetal and maternal interactions. This technique has been applied to nearly every species of domestic animal ...
Article: Understanding the Context of the 1909 and 1910 Statements
... that if that is what happened, it was directed by God, not accidents of nature. Thus, the accidental "evolution" of Darwin was discounted without a frontal attack on his character or his theory. It was not until after 1953 that scientists could clearly delineate between "microevolution" (which is tr ...
... that if that is what happened, it was directed by God, not accidents of nature. Thus, the accidental "evolution" of Darwin was discounted without a frontal attack on his character or his theory. It was not until after 1953 that scientists could clearly delineate between "microevolution" (which is tr ...
How do Natural Selection and Random Drift Interact?
... This again gives us transition probabilities which concern changes of frequencies in populations. However, here the transition probabilities are derived partly from fitnesses of individual organisms. It remains true, however, that if the fitnesses are defined in terms of objective, causal probabilit ...
... This again gives us transition probabilities which concern changes of frequencies in populations. However, here the transition probabilities are derived partly from fitnesses of individual organisms. It remains true, however, that if the fitnesses are defined in terms of objective, causal probabilit ...
Comparative In silico Study of Sex
... Molecular Phylogenetic analysis by NeighborJoining method The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method (14). The optimal tree with the sum of branch length 0.49450736 is shown. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstr ...
... Molecular Phylogenetic analysis by NeighborJoining method The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method (14). The optimal tree with the sum of branch length 0.49450736 is shown. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstr ...
Saving The Santa Cruz Long-Toed Salamander Organization SAVE
... County and all people who rely on the multitude of ecosystem services that amphibians provide. 2. Community need to be addressed The Santa Cruz Long-Toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) is one of the western hemisphere's most endangered amphibians. It is endemic to a small section of co ...
... County and all people who rely on the multitude of ecosystem services that amphibians provide. 2. Community need to be addressed The Santa Cruz Long-Toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) is one of the western hemisphere's most endangered amphibians. It is endemic to a small section of co ...
Vertical and horizontal gene transfer in lichens
... of efficient lichen growth. However, vegetative spores are heavier than sexual spores so dispersal is restricted to short distances (5). Consequently, genetic structure of a population inhabiting certain habitat becomes uniform. Asexual reproduction represents an efficient way of reproducing, enabli ...
... of efficient lichen growth. However, vegetative spores are heavier than sexual spores so dispersal is restricted to short distances (5). Consequently, genetic structure of a population inhabiting certain habitat becomes uniform. Asexual reproduction represents an efficient way of reproducing, enabli ...
MBoMS Genomics of Model Microbes Lab 3: Tools for
... at your alignments and helps you to make them as robust as is possible – In some cases, we may choose to exclude a protein from analysis – In some cases, we may urge you to delete a taxa – In some cases, we may urge you to try more gap and/or extension penalty values ...
... at your alignments and helps you to make them as robust as is possible – In some cases, we may choose to exclude a protein from analysis – In some cases, we may urge you to delete a taxa – In some cases, we may urge you to try more gap and/or extension penalty values ...
Plumage Genes and Little Else Distinguish the Genomes of
... traditional molecular markers and that draw substantial conservation attention [3–5]. Whole-genome comparisons show that differentiation is extremely low: only six small genomic regions exhibit strong differences. Four of these divergence peaks occur in proximity to genes known to be involved in fea ...
... traditional molecular markers and that draw substantial conservation attention [3–5]. Whole-genome comparisons show that differentiation is extremely low: only six small genomic regions exhibit strong differences. Four of these divergence peaks occur in proximity to genes known to be involved in fea ...
Answers to HW Practice Problems (AP)
... become very ill from the parasite and many die. Individuals homozygous for the sickle-cell trait (ss) have red blood cells that readily collapse when deoxygenated. Although malaria cannot grow in these red blood cells, individuals often die because of the genetic defect. However, individuals with th ...
... become very ill from the parasite and many die. Individuals homozygous for the sickle-cell trait (ss) have red blood cells that readily collapse when deoxygenated. Although malaria cannot grow in these red blood cells, individuals often die because of the genetic defect. However, individuals with th ...
The Pleiotropy Problem for Evolution
... secreted, and hormones often influence many separate functions. An example is the growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland, which increases not only height and size of hand and foot, but also controls the entire body size. Many genes have well-known pleiotropic effects, including one important ...
... secreted, and hormones often influence many separate functions. An example is the growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland, which increases not only height and size of hand and foot, but also controls the entire body size. Many genes have well-known pleiotropic effects, including one important ...
The Units of Selection
... solution in the aqueous environment and the energy for their formation would come from various electromagnetic radiations and electrical dis charges (Miller 4). Although it has occasionally been suggested that some such molecules may have been autocatalytic by being the templates for their own prod ...
... solution in the aqueous environment and the energy for their formation would come from various electromagnetic radiations and electrical dis charges (Miller 4). Although it has occasionally been suggested that some such molecules may have been autocatalytic by being the templates for their own prod ...
Computer simulations: tools for population and evolutionary genetics
... linked to common diseases that have been uncovered by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) explain only a very small fraction of their estimated heritability 32. Simulation studies are helping to explain this so-called ‘missing heritability’ phenomenon. A recent study 33 used Genome to simulate t ...
... linked to common diseases that have been uncovered by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) explain only a very small fraction of their estimated heritability 32. Simulation studies are helping to explain this so-called ‘missing heritability’ phenomenon. A recent study 33 used Genome to simulate t ...
Snyder-Robinson syndrome
... G56S: Reported by G. de Alencastro et al. V132G: Reported by L.E. Becerra-Solano et al. I150T: Reported by Z. Zhang et al. Y328C: Reported by Z. Zhang et al. C112L: under investigation and several more The goal is to investigate the effects of these missense mutations on stability, dynamics and inte ...
... G56S: Reported by G. de Alencastro et al. V132G: Reported by L.E. Becerra-Solano et al. I150T: Reported by Z. Zhang et al. Y328C: Reported by Z. Zhang et al. C112L: under investigation and several more The goal is to investigate the effects of these missense mutations on stability, dynamics and inte ...
Lecture 7 Effective population size Linkage disequilibrium basics
... Effective population size 3 approaches to estimate Ne Inbreeding effective population size • relates to increase in inbreeding in a given population to that in the ideal population Variance effective population size • relates to the increase in variance in allele frequency in a given population to ...
... Effective population size 3 approaches to estimate Ne Inbreeding effective population size • relates to increase in inbreeding in a given population to that in the ideal population Variance effective population size • relates to the increase in variance in allele frequency in a given population to ...
Lecture 7 Effective population size Linkage disequilibrium basics
... Effective population size 3 approaches to estimate Ne Inbreeding effective population size • relates to increase in inbreeding in a given population to that in the ideal population Variance effective population size • relates to the increase in variance in allele frequency in a given population to ...
... Effective population size 3 approaches to estimate Ne Inbreeding effective population size • relates to increase in inbreeding in a given population to that in the ideal population Variance effective population size • relates to the increase in variance in allele frequency in a given population to ...
Name - The Biology Corner
... c. _____ Parents of contrasting appearance always produce offspring of intermediate appearance. Collectively, these concepts were known as the ____________________________ Concept of Inheritance 2. Mendel’s work reflected several methods and advantages that contributed to his success. Place a check ...
... c. _____ Parents of contrasting appearance always produce offspring of intermediate appearance. Collectively, these concepts were known as the ____________________________ Concept of Inheritance 2. Mendel’s work reflected several methods and advantages that contributed to his success. Place a check ...
HERITABLE AND NON-HERITABLE TRAITS Heritable traits are
... trait in the progeny of the individual where the first mutation occurred, providing the gene has a major effect on a trait and shows complete penetrance (or always shows up in the phenotype when present in the genotype). A new recessive mutation, however could occur and not appear in the descendants ...
... trait in the progeny of the individual where the first mutation occurred, providing the gene has a major effect on a trait and shows complete penetrance (or always shows up in the phenotype when present in the genotype). A new recessive mutation, however could occur and not appear in the descendants ...
THE SELFISH GENE
... university. His first book was “The selfish gene” edited in 1976. It became an international bestseller. ...
... university. His first book was “The selfish gene” edited in 1976. It became an international bestseller. ...
The population dynamics during evolution under
... Affymetrix Yeast tiling v1.0R arrays were used for finding mutations in the evolved strains, by comparing the evolved strains’ and parent strains’ data. Only the perfect match (PM) data from the resulting CEL files were used for analysis. Probes that span repeated regions or transposable elements w ...
... Affymetrix Yeast tiling v1.0R arrays were used for finding mutations in the evolved strains, by comparing the evolved strains’ and parent strains’ data. Only the perfect match (PM) data from the resulting CEL files were used for analysis. Probes that span repeated regions or transposable elements w ...
DOC
... trait in the progeny of the individual where the first mutation occurred, providing the gene has a major effect on a trait and shows complete penetrance (or always shows up in the phenotype when present in the genotype). A new recessive mutation, however could occur and not appear in the descendants ...
... trait in the progeny of the individual where the first mutation occurred, providing the gene has a major effect on a trait and shows complete penetrance (or always shows up in the phenotype when present in the genotype). A new recessive mutation, however could occur and not appear in the descendants ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.