Chapter 12 Vocabulary and Study Guide Volcanoes 1) acid rain
... very slowly, over thousands to millions of years. As it cools, elements combine to form common silicate minerals, the building blocks of igneous rocks. These mineral crystals can grow quite large if space allows. The mineral crystals within this type of rock are large enough to see without a microsc ...
... very slowly, over thousands to millions of years. As it cools, elements combine to form common silicate minerals, the building blocks of igneous rocks. These mineral crystals can grow quite large if space allows. The mineral crystals within this type of rock are large enough to see without a microsc ...
Chapter6summary.doc
... Igneous rock textures – depends on cooling rate o Fast cooling > fine-grained (aphanitic), ex: rhyolite. Instant cooling = glassy – ex: obsidian, pumice o Slow cooling > coarse-grained (phaneritic), ex: granite, gabbro o Exception to above: pegmatite dikes, cool quickly but are water-rich so atoms ...
... Igneous rock textures – depends on cooling rate o Fast cooling > fine-grained (aphanitic), ex: rhyolite. Instant cooling = glassy – ex: obsidian, pumice o Slow cooling > coarse-grained (phaneritic), ex: granite, gabbro o Exception to above: pegmatite dikes, cool quickly but are water-rich so atoms ...
Chapter 3 HW (due 8 Feb for Section 5803, 9 Feb for Section 5804)
... 2. Continental crust is composed primarily of _____, whereas oceanic crust is composed primarily of _____. a) basalt, a light colored rock rich in aluminum … granite, a dark colored rock rich in magnesium and iron b) basalt, a dark colored rock rich in magnesium and iron … granite, a light colored r ...
... 2. Continental crust is composed primarily of _____, whereas oceanic crust is composed primarily of _____. a) basalt, a light colored rock rich in aluminum … granite, a dark colored rock rich in magnesium and iron b) basalt, a dark colored rock rich in magnesium and iron … granite, a light colored r ...
THE EARTH`S LITHOSPHERE
... magma on the surface of the mantle or “lithospheric mantle.” Seismic wave velocities in this layer are between 6.5 and 7.8 km per second. ...
... magma on the surface of the mantle or “lithospheric mantle.” Seismic wave velocities in this layer are between 6.5 and 7.8 km per second. ...
A Geologic History of the Methow Valley
... The Methow Valley itself is a down-dropped block of sedimentary rock that lies between igneous terranes. This type of downward movement of a section of rock is called a graben, which is a German word for ‘grave.’ The Methow Valley is a graben. There was one more large depositional event in the Metho ...
... The Methow Valley itself is a down-dropped block of sedimentary rock that lies between igneous terranes. This type of downward movement of a section of rock is called a graben, which is a German word for ‘grave.’ The Methow Valley is a graben. There was one more large depositional event in the Metho ...
66KB - NZQA
... magma (fire fountain). The magma cools quickly in the air forming Scoria, which contains vesicles due to the trapped gases. The scoria builds up to form steep sided cones Both volcanoes are formed by hot spots where magma from the mantle rises towards the surface and forces its way through the overl ...
... magma (fire fountain). The magma cools quickly in the air forming Scoria, which contains vesicles due to the trapped gases. The scoria builds up to form steep sided cones Both volcanoes are formed by hot spots where magma from the mantle rises towards the surface and forces its way through the overl ...
131KB - NZQA
... magma (fire fountain). The magma cools quickly in the air forming Scoria, which contains vesicles due to the trapped gases. The scoria builds up to form steep sided cones Both volcanoes are formed by hot spots where magma from the mantle rises towards the surface and forces its way through the overl ...
... magma (fire fountain). The magma cools quickly in the air forming Scoria, which contains vesicles due to the trapped gases. The scoria builds up to form steep sided cones Both volcanoes are formed by hot spots where magma from the mantle rises towards the surface and forces its way through the overl ...
Volcanoes - amsscs.sharpschool.com
... • A volcano is a weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma, comes to the surface. • Magma is a molten mixture of rockforming substances, gases, and water from the mantle. • When magma reaches the surface, it is called lava. ...
... • A volcano is a weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma, comes to the surface. • Magma is a molten mixture of rockforming substances, gases, and water from the mantle. • When magma reaches the surface, it is called lava. ...
Theory of PLATE TECTONICS
... Contracting Earth Theory early 20th century • The Earth started out as a molten blob and gradually cooled. • As it cooled, heavier metals (Fe) sank down and formed the core, while lighter metals (Al) stayed up in the crust. • Pressure produced by contraction caused some parts of the crust to ...
... Contracting Earth Theory early 20th century • The Earth started out as a molten blob and gradually cooled. • As it cooled, heavier metals (Fe) sank down and formed the core, while lighter metals (Al) stayed up in the crust. • Pressure produced by contraction caused some parts of the crust to ...
Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift
... Composition of the Ocean Crust • Seismic surveys suggest oceanic crust is ~7 km thick and comprised of three layers – First layer is marine sediment of various composition and thickness (extensively sampled) – Second layer is pillow basalt overlying basaltic ...
... Composition of the Ocean Crust • Seismic surveys suggest oceanic crust is ~7 km thick and comprised of three layers – First layer is marine sediment of various composition and thickness (extensively sampled) – Second layer is pillow basalt overlying basaltic ...
Igneous Rocks and the Rock Cycle
... The coarse grains in a porphyritic rock begin to develop as the magma is cooling below the surface of the earth. Following eruption or exposure to lower temperatures, the remaining magma or lava cools very quickly and forms minerals with fine-grained textures. As a result, porphyritic textures conta ...
... The coarse grains in a porphyritic rock begin to develop as the magma is cooling below the surface of the earth. Following eruption or exposure to lower temperatures, the remaining magma or lava cools very quickly and forms minerals with fine-grained textures. As a result, porphyritic textures conta ...
Chapter 10 Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity
... decompression melting Although volcanic eruptions are among the most violent and spectacular events in nature, most magma cools deep within Earth. The structures that result form the roots of mountain ranges and some of the most familiar features in the landscape. Plutons The structures that resul ...
... decompression melting Although volcanic eruptions are among the most violent and spectacular events in nature, most magma cools deep within Earth. The structures that result form the roots of mountain ranges and some of the most familiar features in the landscape. Plutons The structures that resul ...
Volcanic landforms
... or sliding past other rocks deep within the earth. A third source is radioactive elements found within the earth that undergo spontaneous change and release heat. Other sources such as chemical reactions associated with the forming and re-forming of different minerals may contribute minor amounts of ...
... or sliding past other rocks deep within the earth. A third source is radioactive elements found within the earth that undergo spontaneous change and release heat. Other sources such as chemical reactions associated with the forming and re-forming of different minerals may contribute minor amounts of ...
TOO OF THE HEAD - Joint Nature Conservation Committee
... composition (48–52% SiO2). Although there is variation in the compositions, he found no significant trace element correlations and concluded that the rocks cannot be related by simple fractional crystallization processes. The samples are unique within the Old Red Sandstone volcanic suite of northern ...
... composition (48–52% SiO2). Although there is variation in the compositions, he found no significant trace element correlations and concluded that the rocks cannot be related by simple fractional crystallization processes. The samples are unique within the Old Red Sandstone volcanic suite of northern ...
Volcanoes
... ____ 30. Most active volcanoes form a. far from bodies of water. b. where tectonic plates collide. c. where tectonic plates separate. d. where tectonic plates move back and forth. ____ 31. When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the oceanic plate is usually subducted because a. cont ...
... ____ 30. Most active volcanoes form a. far from bodies of water. b. where tectonic plates collide. c. where tectonic plates separate. d. where tectonic plates move back and forth. ____ 31. When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the oceanic plate is usually subducted because a. cont ...
view page images in PDF format.
... The Sierra Pastorias lie just south of Chihuahua City, Mexico. The area contains two resurgent caldera systems and one nonresurgent caldera. With minor variations, both resurgent calderas follow Smith and Bailey's model closely. The major caldera is 22 km in diameter and is characterized by a 600-m ...
... The Sierra Pastorias lie just south of Chihuahua City, Mexico. The area contains two resurgent caldera systems and one nonresurgent caldera. With minor variations, both resurgent calderas follow Smith and Bailey's model closely. The major caldera is 22 km in diameter and is characterized by a 600-m ...
LG: Identify the steps of the Rock Cycle
... of minerals. Because this rock is so light, it is used quite often as a decorative landscape ...
... of minerals. Because this rock is so light, it is used quite often as a decorative landscape ...
Rocks
... of minerals. Because this rock is so light, it is used quite often as a decorative landscape ...
... of minerals. Because this rock is so light, it is used quite often as a decorative landscape ...
REINFORCEMENT
... You know from your textbook how sea-floor spreading changes the ocean floor. You know that magma rises at the mid-ocean ridge and flows away from the ridge. In general, this activity is hid den beneath the ocean's water. But there is a place where sea-floor spreading can be seen on land. ...
... You know from your textbook how sea-floor spreading changes the ocean floor. You know that magma rises at the mid-ocean ridge and flows away from the ridge. In general, this activity is hid den beneath the ocean's water. But there is a place where sea-floor spreading can be seen on land. ...
Class notes ()
... melting temperature. Darker igneous rocks generally weigh more and are formed at higher temperatures and pressures. This reflects the densitystratification of the whole Earth! ...
... melting temperature. Darker igneous rocks generally weigh more and are formed at higher temperatures and pressures. This reflects the densitystratification of the whole Earth! ...
Topic 6 Earth`s Internal Structure and Tectonic Process Geography
... Based on existence of interconnected ridges, called mid-ocean ridges result of crust being pulled apart caused by convective currents in the ...
... Based on existence of interconnected ridges, called mid-ocean ridges result of crust being pulled apart caused by convective currents in the ...
Chapter 4
... Igneous Rocks: Their Characteristics and Classification Composition of Igneous Rocks Most magma, like most minerals, consists of silicon and oxygen with lesser amounts of other elements, such as magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and aluminum (Al). Gabbros and basalts ar ...
... Igneous Rocks: Their Characteristics and Classification Composition of Igneous Rocks Most magma, like most minerals, consists of silicon and oxygen with lesser amounts of other elements, such as magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and aluminum (Al). Gabbros and basalts ar ...
Ocean Crust - The University of Southern Mississippi
... and crust. The Moho may coincide with the top of the transition zone of layered gabbros and peridotites. 3. Source of magnetism in the crust - integrated over all of the crust, but a. The pillow basalts are most strongly magnetized, but thin b. The rest of the crust is weakly magnetized, but holds a ...
... and crust. The Moho may coincide with the top of the transition zone of layered gabbros and peridotites. 3. Source of magnetism in the crust - integrated over all of the crust, but a. The pillow basalts are most strongly magnetized, but thin b. The rest of the crust is weakly magnetized, but holds a ...
Basalt
Basalt (pronounced /bəˈsɔːlt/, /ˈbæsɒlt/, /ˈbæsɔːlt/, or /ˈbeɪsɔːlt/)is a common extrusive igneous (volcanic) rock formed from the rapid cooling of basaltic lava exposed at or very near the surface of a planet or moon. Flood basalt describes the formation in a series of lava basalt flows.