Proposal to conduct a Caribbean plate project involving the
... The Caribbean Plate Project will encourage an interdisciplinary approach to crustal research and modeling . Scientific investigators will be organized into working groups which will meet regularly to exchange data and results and to coordinate future research activities. These working groups will ad ...
... The Caribbean Plate Project will encourage an interdisciplinary approach to crustal research and modeling . Scientific investigators will be organized into working groups which will meet regularly to exchange data and results and to coordinate future research activities. These working groups will ad ...
Evolution of helium and argon isotopes in a convecting mantle
... for a layered mantle, conflicting with various types of geophysical evidence (e.g., reviewed in Tackley, 2000a). One problem with the primitive helium reservoir hypothesis is the question of how such a reservoir could survive for the whole history of the Earth in the face of mantle stirring if, as g ...
... for a layered mantle, conflicting with various types of geophysical evidence (e.g., reviewed in Tackley, 2000a). One problem with the primitive helium reservoir hypothesis is the question of how such a reservoir could survive for the whole history of the Earth in the face of mantle stirring if, as g ...
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... Phanerozoic-style asymmetric subduction. As seen in Figure 1, even during thermal convection driven by heating from below, the sinking of previously created protocrust along symmetric zones of convergence is required. Remelting of this protocrust as it sinks back into the mantle would generate melts ...
... Phanerozoic-style asymmetric subduction. As seen in Figure 1, even during thermal convection driven by heating from below, the sinking of previously created protocrust along symmetric zones of convergence is required. Remelting of this protocrust as it sinks back into the mantle would generate melts ...
The Mg isotopic composition of Cenozoic seawater – evidence for a
... Mackenzie and Garrels, 1966; Michalopoulos and Aller, 1995). The alkalinity balance defined in Eq. (2) implies that the global geochemical cycle of Ca depends on the other major cations in seawater, principally Mg, Na, and K. This can be shown by considering a simple case that includes only the geoch ...
... Mackenzie and Garrels, 1966; Michalopoulos and Aller, 1995). The alkalinity balance defined in Eq. (2) implies that the global geochemical cycle of Ca depends on the other major cations in seawater, principally Mg, Na, and K. This can be shown by considering a simple case that includes only the geoch ...
Initiation of subduction in nature and models
... later due to the cooling and thickening of the lithosphere along the margin wand. This sequence of events explains why mature passive margins are typically very stable [4]. The issue of induced versus spontaneous subduction initiation also remains partially controversial in both nature and within n ...
... later due to the cooling and thickening of the lithosphere along the margin wand. This sequence of events explains why mature passive margins are typically very stable [4]. The issue of induced versus spontaneous subduction initiation also remains partially controversial in both nature and within n ...
Structural models of the Mediterranean lithospehre
... process going on in the eastern Mediterranean and pictured in Transmed VII. The convex asthenosphere interface below the profile is consistent with the flow of a por7on of lower mantle material, sucked ...
... process going on in the eastern Mediterranean and pictured in Transmed VII. The convex asthenosphere interface below the profile is consistent with the flow of a por7on of lower mantle material, sucked ...
A cool model for the Iceland hot spot
... A holistic appraisal of the evidence available from the Iceland melt anomaly suggests that, if the assumption of a plume is dropped, an upper-mantle, moderate-temperature model is natural, reasonable and not without support. The primary observations that require explanation are the local production ...
... A holistic appraisal of the evidence available from the Iceland melt anomaly suggests that, if the assumption of a plume is dropped, an upper-mantle, moderate-temperature model is natural, reasonable and not without support. The primary observations that require explanation are the local production ...
Essentials of Geology, 10e (Lutgens/Tarbuck/Tasa)
... Chapter 1 An Introduction to Geology 1) What are the basic differences between the disciplines of physical and historical geology? A) physical geology is the study of fossils and sequences of rock strata; historical geology is the study of how rocks and minerals were used in the past B) historical g ...
... Chapter 1 An Introduction to Geology 1) What are the basic differences between the disciplines of physical and historical geology? A) physical geology is the study of fossils and sequences of rock strata; historical geology is the study of how rocks and minerals were used in the past B) historical g ...
Dynamics of Volcanic and Meteorological Clouds Produced on 26
... 13-20 weight % particles <5 m (Baxter et al. 1999). Although the ash was fine-grained and would be expected to have a long atmospheric residence, much of it fell out very quickly as accretionary ...
... 13-20 weight % particles <5 m (Baxter et al. 1999). Although the ash was fine-grained and would be expected to have a long atmospheric residence, much of it fell out very quickly as accretionary ...
Earth,Tests,Ch1
... 1) What are the basic differences between the disciplines of physical and historical geology? A) physical geology is the study of fossils and sequences of rock strata; historical geology is the study of how rocks and minerals were used in the past B) historical geology involves the study of rock str ...
... 1) What are the basic differences between the disciplines of physical and historical geology? A) physical geology is the study of fossils and sequences of rock strata; historical geology is the study of how rocks and minerals were used in the past B) historical geology involves the study of rock str ...
2.3. New Zealand – Primary Site 1. Background and Motivation
... the North, there is a rich record of active and ancient subduction margin processes, from subduction initiation through to fully developed, mature subduction systems. For simplicity, the seven SCD key questions (Section 2.1) can be organized into four overarching questions to be addressed at the New ...
... the North, there is a rich record of active and ancient subduction margin processes, from subduction initiation through to fully developed, mature subduction systems. For simplicity, the seven SCD key questions (Section 2.1) can be organized into four overarching questions to be addressed at the New ...
The lithosphere under stress
... amount of mantle melting that has taken place (McKenzie & O’Nions 1991). For oceanic crust the melt ‘thicknesses’ inferred from REE inversions are in agreement, within the uncertainties, with the seismically measured crustal thicknesses (White et al . 1992). The inference of mantle temperature from ...
... amount of mantle melting that has taken place (McKenzie & O’Nions 1991). For oceanic crust the melt ‘thicknesses’ inferred from REE inversions are in agreement, within the uncertainties, with the seismically measured crustal thicknesses (White et al . 1992). The inference of mantle temperature from ...
emplacement of viscous mushes in the jinchuan ultramafic
... along the southwestern edge of the Sino-Korea platform. Three boreholes from the western, central and eastern parts of the intrusion were sampled and studied. The rocks from the Jinchuan intrusion are olivine – orthopyroxene – chromian spinel cumulates with orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, plagioclase ...
... along the southwestern edge of the Sino-Korea platform. Three boreholes from the western, central and eastern parts of the intrusion were sampled and studied. The rocks from the Jinchuan intrusion are olivine – orthopyroxene – chromian spinel cumulates with orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, plagioclase ...
guide to the geology trail - The Sleeping Giant Park Association
... of the single, large landmass that existed at the time: the supercontinent of Pangea. The birth of the Atlantic Ocean began when tectonic forces (i.e., those related to movement of the Earth’s crust) started pulling the supercontinent apart. This created an extensive series of rifts across the land, ...
... of the single, large landmass that existed at the time: the supercontinent of Pangea. The birth of the Atlantic Ocean began when tectonic forces (i.e., those related to movement of the Earth’s crust) started pulling the supercontinent apart. This created an extensive series of rifts across the land, ...
New Tectonic Map of Georgia (Explanatory Note)
... paleotectonic reconstructions. On the basis of such analysis tectonic subdivision of the Caucasus and adjacent areas were fulfilled [14, 25, 27, 28]. It should be noted that, in spite of the existence of universal plate tectonics theory, it is necessary to continue the study of tectonic structures o ...
... paleotectonic reconstructions. On the basis of such analysis tectonic subdivision of the Caucasus and adjacent areas were fulfilled [14, 25, 27, 28]. It should be noted that, in spite of the existence of universal plate tectonics theory, it is necessary to continue the study of tectonic structures o ...
Coupled and decoupled regimes of continental collision: Numerical
... 0012-821X/$ – see front matter © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ...
... 0012-821X/$ – see front matter © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ...
Omarini, Ricardo H., Massimo Gasparon, Angelo
... Gondwana marginwas affected by magmatism (230-180 Ma) with huge volcanic eruptions and pluton emplacement (Kay et al., 1989; de Wit, 1999; Turner, 1999). The magmatic activity that predates the western Gondwana fragmentation took place during the late Permian- middle Triassic times in the Brazilian ...
... Gondwana marginwas affected by magmatism (230-180 Ma) with huge volcanic eruptions and pluton emplacement (Kay et al., 1989; de Wit, 1999; Turner, 1999). The magmatic activity that predates the western Gondwana fragmentation took place during the late Permian- middle Triassic times in the Brazilian ...
The Architecture, Chemistry, and Evolution of Continental Magmatic
... of basalts (Gaetani & Grove 1998). Most igneous rocks formed above subduction zones contain significant amounts of volatiles (H2 O, CO2 ), have a large range of silica contents (Figure 2a), are calc-alkaline (Figure 2b), and have distinctive trace elemental patterns as compared with rocks from other ...
... of basalts (Gaetani & Grove 1998). Most igneous rocks formed above subduction zones contain significant amounts of volatiles (H2 O, CO2 ), have a large range of silica contents (Figure 2a), are calc-alkaline (Figure 2b), and have distinctive trace elemental patterns as compared with rocks from other ...
Tectonic–climatic interaction
Tectonic–climatic interaction is the interrelationship between tectonic processes and the climate system. The tectonic processes in question include orogenesis, volcanism, and erosion, while relevant climatic processes include atmospheric circulation, orographic lift, monsoon circulation and the rain shadow effect. As the geological record of past climate changes over millions of years is sparse and poorly resolved, many questions remain unresolved regarding the nature of tectonic-climate interaction, although it is an area of active research by geologists and palaeoclimatologists.