Plate tectonics in a hotter Earth?
... • In past (‘Hadean’): ~ 4x more radioactivity than today (Van Schmus, 1995) Early Earth radioactivity produced ~160 mW/m2 surface heat flow Remaining ~40 mW/m2 from cooling the Earth? • Specific heat Cp of average Earth: ~1 kJ/kg,K (Stacey & Loper, 1984) • qs of 1 mW/m2 cools Earth with 2.57 K/Ga ( ...
... • In past (‘Hadean’): ~ 4x more radioactivity than today (Van Schmus, 1995) Early Earth radioactivity produced ~160 mW/m2 surface heat flow Remaining ~40 mW/m2 from cooling the Earth? • Specific heat Cp of average Earth: ~1 kJ/kg,K (Stacey & Loper, 1984) • qs of 1 mW/m2 cools Earth with 2.57 K/Ga ( ...
Powerpoint Presentation Physical Geology, 10/e
... trenches are cold and deep – Ridge crests have tensional cracks – The leading edges of some plates are subducting sea floor, while others are continents (which cannot subduct) ...
... trenches are cold and deep – Ridge crests have tensional cracks – The leading edges of some plates are subducting sea floor, while others are continents (which cannot subduct) ...
Snack Tectonics Name ______________ Student Learning
... a. Spread frosting into a layer about half a cm thick on your wax paper. b. Tell students that the frosting in this model represents the _________________, the viscous layer on which Earth's plates ride. The plates in this model are represented by fruit roll up (oceanic crust which is thin and dense ...
... a. Spread frosting into a layer about half a cm thick on your wax paper. b. Tell students that the frosting in this model represents the _________________, the viscous layer on which Earth's plates ride. The plates in this model are represented by fruit roll up (oceanic crust which is thin and dense ...
Volcanoes and Igneous Activity Earth
... mantle rock generates magmas having a basaltic or, occasionally andesitic composition – Mountains produced in part by volcanic activity associated with subduction of oceanic lithosphere are called continental volcanic arcs (Andes and Cascades) ...
... mantle rock generates magmas having a basaltic or, occasionally andesitic composition – Mountains produced in part by volcanic activity associated with subduction of oceanic lithosphere are called continental volcanic arcs (Andes and Cascades) ...
What is a plate boundary?
... shown on the left, is based on composition (what the layers are made of). The other way, shown on the right, is based on physical properties of the layers (solid vs. liquid, rigid vs. soft, etc.). These may also be called zones. In most cases, the boundaries between the physical layers do not line u ...
... shown on the left, is based on composition (what the layers are made of). The other way, shown on the right, is based on physical properties of the layers (solid vs. liquid, rigid vs. soft, etc.). These may also be called zones. In most cases, the boundaries between the physical layers do not line u ...
Plate Tectonics: The Grand Unifying Theory of Geology
... sinks downward into the asthenosphere. This is called subduction. Why does the oceanic plate sink? Because oceanic lithosphere is more dense than the asthenosphere – it wants to sink. Why is it more dense? Its colder! Slab sinking rates range 10-15 cm/yr. ...
... sinks downward into the asthenosphere. This is called subduction. Why does the oceanic plate sink? Because oceanic lithosphere is more dense than the asthenosphere – it wants to sink. Why is it more dense? Its colder! Slab sinking rates range 10-15 cm/yr. ...
Powerpoint
... Lithosphere consists of rigid plates (100 km average; 70 km for ocean & 150 km for continents) Plates move relative to one another by Divergence, Convergence, or Transform motion Formation of Oceanic lithosphere at divergent plate boundaries and is consumed at subduction zone Most earthquake activit ...
... Lithosphere consists of rigid plates (100 km average; 70 km for ocean & 150 km for continents) Plates move relative to one another by Divergence, Convergence, or Transform motion Formation of Oceanic lithosphere at divergent plate boundaries and is consumed at subduction zone Most earthquake activit ...
Introducción a la Geofísica
... 4) Given a typical oceanic crustal thickness of 6 km and 4 km of water depth, estimate the thickness of the continental crust at sea level and beneath the Tibetean Plateau (5 km high). Assume a constant crustal density of 2900 kg/m3 and mantle density of 3200 kg/m3. 5) The Hawaiian Islands in the pa ...
... 4) Given a typical oceanic crustal thickness of 6 km and 4 km of water depth, estimate the thickness of the continental crust at sea level and beneath the Tibetean Plateau (5 km high). Assume a constant crustal density of 2900 kg/m3 and mantle density of 3200 kg/m3. 5) The Hawaiian Islands in the pa ...
Plate Tectonics slideshow
... How do mid-ocean ridges support both the idea of continental drift and the theory of plate tectonics? • a. Oceanic lithosphere is destroyed at mid-ocean ridges. • b. New crust forms at mid-ocean ridges. • c. Tectonic plates collide at mid-ocean ridges. • d. The crust at mid-ocean ridges is old ocean ...
... How do mid-ocean ridges support both the idea of continental drift and the theory of plate tectonics? • a. Oceanic lithosphere is destroyed at mid-ocean ridges. • b. New crust forms at mid-ocean ridges. • c. Tectonic plates collide at mid-ocean ridges. • d. The crust at mid-ocean ridges is old ocean ...
Geology 15 - Activity 2 Name Plate Boundaries
... We can calculate an average rate of seafloor spreading by measuring the distance between MOR's, then divide the distance by the and age of seafloor rocks collected there (e.g. such as from ODP cores). ...
... We can calculate an average rate of seafloor spreading by measuring the distance between MOR's, then divide the distance by the and age of seafloor rocks collected there (e.g. such as from ODP cores). ...
Guided Notes on Seafloor Spreading
... Vast underwater mountain chains called mid-ocean ridges were discovered in places such as the Atlantic Ocean. Deep-sea trenches that are thousands of kilometers long and up to 11 km. deep were found in the Pacific Ocean. ...
... Vast underwater mountain chains called mid-ocean ridges were discovered in places such as the Atlantic Ocean. Deep-sea trenches that are thousands of kilometers long and up to 11 km. deep were found in the Pacific Ocean. ...
The dynamic earth
... d) Yosemite national park – check it out. e) Geothermal power plant, the geysers What is geothermal energy? 8) Endnotes – SCROLL TO BOTTOM OF THE PAGE What is the Dept. of Interior? ...
... d) Yosemite national park – check it out. e) Geothermal power plant, the geysers What is geothermal energy? 8) Endnotes – SCROLL TO BOTTOM OF THE PAGE What is the Dept. of Interior? ...
Evidence of Continental Drift
... earthquakes and ocean trenches. • The absence of deep-focus earthquakes along the oceanic ridge system was shown to be consistent with the new theory. ...
... earthquakes and ocean trenches. • The absence of deep-focus earthquakes along the oceanic ridge system was shown to be consistent with the new theory. ...
Chapter405.ppt
... column of hot mantle rock that rises through the mantle. A mantle plumes are thought to have spherical or mushroom shaped heads rising above a narrow tail Plumes form hot spots of active volcanism on the earth’s surface When the head of the plume nears the surface, it can cause uplift and the erupti ...
... column of hot mantle rock that rises through the mantle. A mantle plumes are thought to have spherical or mushroom shaped heads rising above a narrow tail Plumes form hot spots of active volcanism on the earth’s surface When the head of the plume nears the surface, it can cause uplift and the erupti ...
Plate Tectonics - East Hanover Township School District
... Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is broken up into huge, thick plates that drift atop the soft, underlying mantle. ...
... Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is broken up into huge, thick plates that drift atop the soft, underlying mantle. ...
Lesson 2 - Humanities.Com
... called a destructive boundary. • If they slide past each other then they will shake each other. This is called a conservative boundary. • But if they move away from each other, then they will form new land. This is called a constructive boundary. ...
... called a destructive boundary. • If they slide past each other then they will shake each other. This is called a conservative boundary. • But if they move away from each other, then they will form new land. This is called a constructive boundary. ...
lecture 01s - Kean University
... Third type of plate boundary Plates slide past one another and no new lithosphere is created or destroyed ...
... Third type of plate boundary Plates slide past one another and no new lithosphere is created or destroyed ...
What features do you see?
... altitudes) is an advancement over acoustic pulse/sonar mapping technology ...
... altitudes) is an advancement over acoustic pulse/sonar mapping technology ...
Plate Tectonics
... Caused by the "plastering on" of material at the edge of a continental plate adjacent to a subduction zone. The material that accumulates in this fashion can be small continental masses MICROCONTINENTS or oceanic features such as volcanic arcs and seamounts submarine volcanoes). The Seychelles Bank ...
... Caused by the "plastering on" of material at the edge of a continental plate adjacent to a subduction zone. The material that accumulates in this fashion can be small continental masses MICROCONTINENTS or oceanic features such as volcanic arcs and seamounts submarine volcanoes). The Seychelles Bank ...
Chapter 7 Study Guide TEST ON LESSON 1 Use your textbook
... called a mid-ocean ridge. The magma also spreads outward, forming new ocean floor and new oceanic crust. -At convergent boundaries the huge plates move together, or collide. When an ocean plate and a continental plate collide the denser ocean plate gets subducted, or pulled underneath the continenta ...
... called a mid-ocean ridge. The magma also spreads outward, forming new ocean floor and new oceanic crust. -At convergent boundaries the huge plates move together, or collide. When an ocean plate and a continental plate collide the denser ocean plate gets subducted, or pulled underneath the continenta ...
Plate Tectonics Virtual Lab Directions 1. Go to the following website
... 25. At some convergent boundaries, oceanic plate collides with a continental plate. Which plate is thinner and more dense? 26. Describe what happens to this plate? What is this called? 27. What forms at this plate? 28. Earthquakes can also occur at subduction zones, which can cause what? 29. ...
... 25. At some convergent boundaries, oceanic plate collides with a continental plate. Which plate is thinner and more dense? 26. Describe what happens to this plate? What is this called? 27. What forms at this plate? 28. Earthquakes can also occur at subduction zones, which can cause what? 29. ...
plate tectonics - Moore Middle School
... The plates carry the continents, the ocean floor or both. ...
... The plates carry the continents, the ocean floor or both. ...
Oceanography notes:
... continental slope by turbidity (sediment), currents / earthquakes (mud, sand, and water). –Continental Rise – A gently sloping area at the base of the slope. Formed by turbidity flows, may ...
... continental slope by turbidity (sediment), currents / earthquakes (mud, sand, and water). –Continental Rise – A gently sloping area at the base of the slope. Formed by turbidity flows, may ...
Earth Science, 12e (Tarbuck/Lutgens)
... B) two converging oceanic plates meeting head-on and piling up into a mid-ocean ridge C) a divergent boundary where the continental plate changes to an oceanic plate D) a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions ...
... B) two converging oceanic plates meeting head-on and piling up into a mid-ocean ridge C) a divergent boundary where the continental plate changes to an oceanic plate D) a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions ...
Driving Forces- Plate Movement Transcript
... ..This mantle convection is extremely slow, as the mantle is a thick semi-solid material. Slide 9: Mantle Convection Currents ..As semi-molten rock in the mantle is heated, it becomes less dense and begins to rise closer to the surface of the Earth. ..As it reaches the undersurface of the crust abov ...
... ..This mantle convection is extremely slow, as the mantle is a thick semi-solid material. Slide 9: Mantle Convection Currents ..As semi-molten rock in the mantle is heated, it becomes less dense and begins to rise closer to the surface of the Earth. ..As it reaches the undersurface of the crust abov ...
Oceanic trench
The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are also the deepest parts of the ocean floor. Oceanic trenches are a distinctive morphological feature of convergent plate boundaries, along which lithospheric plates move towards each other at rates that vary from a few mm to over ten cm per year. A trench marks the position at which the flexed, subducting slab begins to descend beneath another lithospheric slab. Trenches are generally parallel to a volcanic island arc, and about 200 km (120 mi) from a volcanic arc. Oceanic trenches typically extend 3 to 4 km (1.9 to 2.5 mi) below the level of the surrounding oceanic floor. The greatest ocean depth to be sounded is in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench, at a depth of 11,034 m (36,201 ft) below sea level. Oceanic lithosphere moves into trenches at a global rate of about 3 km2/yr.