Continental Drift - Ashland Independent Schools
... (Analogy: The Mid-Ocean Ridges are like the seams on a baseball.) ...
... (Analogy: The Mid-Ocean Ridges are like the seams on a baseball.) ...
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... The aim of this course is to discuss some of the geophysical processes that are operating in the Earth's outer layers. The focus is on the evolution of sedimentary basins which are the world's largest repository of oil and gas deposits. This course explores the fundamental thermal and mechanical pro ...
... The aim of this course is to discuss some of the geophysical processes that are operating in the Earth's outer layers. The focus is on the evolution of sedimentary basins which are the world's largest repository of oil and gas deposits. This course explores the fundamental thermal and mechanical pro ...
Document
... gravitational equilibrium between the Earth's lithosphere (analogous to iceberg) and asthenosphere (analogous to seawater). Tectonic plates ‘float’ at an elevation which depends on their thickness and relative density; thus high areas will have large lithospheric ‘roots’. Where a balance is achieved ...
... gravitational equilibrium between the Earth's lithosphere (analogous to iceberg) and asthenosphere (analogous to seawater). Tectonic plates ‘float’ at an elevation which depends on their thickness and relative density; thus high areas will have large lithospheric ‘roots’. Where a balance is achieved ...
Sinking Slabs and Convection Connections
... • 7b. About 53 hotspots are shown. • 7c. In general, plates pass over hot spots. There is little, if any, correlation between hot spots and plate direction. For a relatively small number of hot spots on spreading ridges, the plate moves away from the hot spots (e.g., Iceland, Galapagos, or Afar at ...
... • 7b. About 53 hotspots are shown. • 7c. In general, plates pass over hot spots. There is little, if any, correlation between hot spots and plate direction. For a relatively small number of hot spots on spreading ridges, the plate moves away from the hot spots (e.g., Iceland, Galapagos, or Afar at ...
Convergent Plate Boundaries
... chambers are less dense than the surrounding mantle materials and are buoyant. The buoyant magma chambers begin a slow asscent through the overlying materials, melting and fracturing their way upwards. The size and depth of these magma chambers can be determined by mapping the earthquake activity ar ...
... chambers are less dense than the surrounding mantle materials and are buoyant. The buoyant magma chambers begin a slow asscent through the overlying materials, melting and fracturing their way upwards. The size and depth of these magma chambers can be determined by mapping the earthquake activity ar ...
Part 3. Oceanic Carbon and Nutrient Cycling
... The glucose powers the metabolism of the plankton cell, and can be turned into other organic compounds. If enough nutrients are available the plankton will grow and multiply. Phytoplankton is the 'grass' of the sea - at the bottom of the marine food chain. Eventually the plankton and the animals tha ...
... The glucose powers the metabolism of the plankton cell, and can be turned into other organic compounds. If enough nutrients are available the plankton will grow and multiply. Phytoplankton is the 'grass' of the sea - at the bottom of the marine food chain. Eventually the plankton and the animals tha ...
Sediments - cloudfront.net
... of many sizes are found. Terrigenous Sediments- Sediment derived form the land and transported to the ocean by wind and flowing ...
... of many sizes are found. Terrigenous Sediments- Sediment derived form the land and transported to the ocean by wind and flowing ...
Modelling the initiation of sea floor spreading and formation of rifted
... The formation of rifted continental margins during continental breakup and the initiation of sea-floor spreading are key components of the plate tectonic cycle. The deepwaters of rifted continental margins are the frontier exploration areas for the hydrocarbon industry and a sound understanding of t ...
... The formation of rifted continental margins during continental breakup and the initiation of sea-floor spreading are key components of the plate tectonic cycle. The deepwaters of rifted continental margins are the frontier exploration areas for the hydrocarbon industry and a sound understanding of t ...
Oceanography Review for Final
... F: Continental Shelf – gently sloping, shallow area on the edge of continents G: Trench – deep, steep‐sided canyons at subduction boundaries 48. What is the deepest place on Earth? Marianas Trench 49. How have scientists used seafloor features to support the theory of plate tectonics? Mid‐O ...
... F: Continental Shelf – gently sloping, shallow area on the edge of continents G: Trench – deep, steep‐sided canyons at subduction boundaries 48. What is the deepest place on Earth? Marianas Trench 49. How have scientists used seafloor features to support the theory of plate tectonics? Mid‐O ...
Plate Tectonics Guided Notes NAME__________________________________________________________D_____________P_____
... _________________ _________. Examples include the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific Ocean and the Aleutian Islands, off the coast of Alaska. Since the collision and subduction of plates is not a smooth process, large, powerful ___________________ are another phenomenon that result from this typ ...
... _________________ _________. Examples include the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific Ocean and the Aleutian Islands, off the coast of Alaska. Since the collision and subduction of plates is not a smooth process, large, powerful ___________________ are another phenomenon that result from this typ ...
East African Rift System Half-Graben Model Eastern branch of
... Figure 2 Difference in volcanic activity in the two branches of the East African Rift System ...
... Figure 2 Difference in volcanic activity in the two branches of the East African Rift System ...
Oceanic Crust - RRMS 8th Grade Science
... • The Earth’s crust is divided into 9 major plates which move in various directions. Which consist of seven major continents. • This plate motion causes them to collide, pull apart, or scrape against each other. • Each type of interaction causes a characteristic set of Earth structures or “tectonic” ...
... • The Earth’s crust is divided into 9 major plates which move in various directions. Which consist of seven major continents. • This plate motion causes them to collide, pull apart, or scrape against each other. • Each type of interaction causes a characteristic set of Earth structures or “tectonic” ...
Key Concept Review (Answers to in-text “Concept Checks”) Chapter
... 21. Evaporites are hydrogenous deposits that include salts that salts precipitate as water evaporates from isolated arms of the ocean or from landlocked seas or lakes. 22. Cameras are used to visualize the bottom, and direct samplers (clamshell, piston corers) are used to obtain specimens. Reflected ...
... 21. Evaporites are hydrogenous deposits that include salts that salts precipitate as water evaporates from isolated arms of the ocean or from landlocked seas or lakes. 22. Cameras are used to visualize the bottom, and direct samplers (clamshell, piston corers) are used to obtain specimens. Reflected ...
Paleophysiography of Ocean Basins
... that this sinusoidal shallowing resembles the results of early numerical models where a surface boundary layer cools by conduction and then becomes unstable once its local Rayleigh number exceeds a critical value. The growing instability then suddenly increases as the base of the lithospheric bounda ...
... that this sinusoidal shallowing resembles the results of early numerical models where a surface boundary layer cools by conduction and then becomes unstable once its local Rayleigh number exceeds a critical value. The growing instability then suddenly increases as the base of the lithospheric bounda ...
Protection and conservation of the living resources of the Area
... the Mid Atlantic Ridge, at 3,650 meters depth, measures more than 48 m in high and 182 m in diameter. Some deposits can contain approximately 100 million metric tons, competing with giant ore bodies on land, although most marine deposits are much smaller. Sometimes the structures fall, but chimneys ...
... the Mid Atlantic Ridge, at 3,650 meters depth, measures more than 48 m in high and 182 m in diameter. Some deposits can contain approximately 100 million metric tons, competing with giant ore bodies on land, although most marine deposits are much smaller. Sometimes the structures fall, but chimneys ...
Transform Boundaries Quiz - cK-12
... a) Pacific Plate and Juan de Fuca b) Juan de Fuca and North American Plate c) Pacific Plate and North American Plate d) Juan de Fuca and Eurasian Plate ...
... a) Pacific Plate and Juan de Fuca b) Juan de Fuca and North American Plate c) Pacific Plate and North American Plate d) Juan de Fuca and Eurasian Plate ...
Chapter 1: Introduction
... flattening of the subducting slab (Cross and Pilger, 1978; McGeary et al., 1985; Gutscher et al., 1999a,b, 2000b). Other areas of flat subduction are reported, mostly based on the location of the WadatiBenioff zone. Gutscher et al. (2000b) even state that 10% of the modern subduction zones show flat ...
... flattening of the subducting slab (Cross and Pilger, 1978; McGeary et al., 1985; Gutscher et al., 1999a,b, 2000b). Other areas of flat subduction are reported, mostly based on the location of the WadatiBenioff zone. Gutscher et al. (2000b) even state that 10% of the modern subduction zones show flat ...
Document
... Greenland-Ieeland-Faeroe Ridge (< 100 nautical miles) may partly be explained on basis of present environmental conditions. In this area there is an extremely rapid decline in temperature over short distance, being < 0°C at depths below 400 m to the north of the Greenland-Iceland-Faeroe Ridge, while ...
... Greenland-Ieeland-Faeroe Ridge (< 100 nautical miles) may partly be explained on basis of present environmental conditions. In this area there is an extremely rapid decline in temperature over short distance, being < 0°C at depths below 400 m to the north of the Greenland-Iceland-Faeroe Ridge, while ...
Arc Magmatism
... • Distinctly different from the mainly basaltic provinces – Composition more diverse and silicic – Basalt generally occurs in subordinate quantities – More explosive than the quiescent basalts – Strato-volcanoes are the most common volcanic landform ...
... • Distinctly different from the mainly basaltic provinces – Composition more diverse and silicic – Basalt generally occurs in subordinate quantities – More explosive than the quiescent basalts – Strato-volcanoes are the most common volcanic landform ...
Tectonics of the Indonesian Region
... Abstract: The plate-tectonic evolution of a region can be deduced by following the assumptions that subduction zones are characterized by ophiolite, melange, wildflysch, and blueschist, that intermediate and silicic calc-alkaline igneous rocks form above Benioff zones, and that truncations of orogen ...
... Abstract: The plate-tectonic evolution of a region can be deduced by following the assumptions that subduction zones are characterized by ophiolite, melange, wildflysch, and blueschist, that intermediate and silicic calc-alkaline igneous rocks form above Benioff zones, and that truncations of orogen ...
Hydrothermal circulation in oceanic crust
... • Some form bacterial mats coding the seabed • Some actually live within vent chimneys ...
... • Some form bacterial mats coding the seabed • Some actually live within vent chimneys ...
11.1 Pangaea While looking at a map of the world, have you ever
... heats the rock material of the lower mantle. As it is heated, it expands and becomes less dense. What happens at mid-ocean ridges? The lower mantle rock material rises toward Earth’s surface. Lithospheric plates move apart over the rising part of a convection cell. Basaltic lava is extruded between ...
... heats the rock material of the lower mantle. As it is heated, it expands and becomes less dense. What happens at mid-ocean ridges? The lower mantle rock material rises toward Earth’s surface. Lithospheric plates move apart over the rising part of a convection cell. Basaltic lava is extruded between ...
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Plate Tectonics [ TCD IE ]
... course of geological time. Some of them began to think again about continental drift. Yet these data did not immediately cause a stampede, for they were new and uncertain and people doubted their reliability. Meanwhile, American scientists had been measuring the magnetism of rocks on the sea floor, ...
... course of geological time. Some of them began to think again about continental drift. Yet these data did not immediately cause a stampede, for they were new and uncertain and people doubted their reliability. Meanwhile, American scientists had been measuring the magnetism of rocks on the sea floor, ...
chapter_3_powerpoint_le
... – Turkey is pushed westward along the North Anatolian fault, which runs for 1,400 km along the Black Sea – Since 1939, the North Anatolian fault has ruptured in 11 earthquakes, from east end of fault to west ...
... – Turkey is pushed westward along the North Anatolian fault, which runs for 1,400 km along the Black Sea – Since 1939, the North Anatolian fault has ruptured in 11 earthquakes, from east end of fault to west ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.