LECTURE 13
... – The accreting plate boundary zone (mid-ocean ridge) at which new oceanic crust is created – The passive crust, which after creation at the ridge axis has moved away. Basalt was first dredged from the ocean floor at the turn of the century and since then extensive sampling programs have shown that ...
... – The accreting plate boundary zone (mid-ocean ridge) at which new oceanic crust is created – The passive crust, which after creation at the ridge axis has moved away. Basalt was first dredged from the ocean floor at the turn of the century and since then extensive sampling programs have shown that ...
Chapter 10 PowerPoint
... Theory of Plate Tectonics Theory Combined theory of Continental Drift & Seafloor Spreading. Earth’s crust & upper mantle (lithosphere) are broken into plates and move around on a plastic-like layer of the mantle (asthenosphere.) ...
... Theory of Plate Tectonics Theory Combined theory of Continental Drift & Seafloor Spreading. Earth’s crust & upper mantle (lithosphere) are broken into plates and move around on a plastic-like layer of the mantle (asthenosphere.) ...
Plate Tectonics Lecture Notes Page
... solidify forming new seafloor. As the magma solidifies, its’ density increases and as a result, starts to sink. However, since hot asthenosphere continues to rise upwards, it cannot. Instead of sinking, the cooled magma spreads outwards to the sides. The cycle then repeats and older cooling magma is ...
... solidify forming new seafloor. As the magma solidifies, its’ density increases and as a result, starts to sink. However, since hot asthenosphere continues to rise upwards, it cannot. Instead of sinking, the cooled magma spreads outwards to the sides. The cycle then repeats and older cooling magma is ...
Density Difference between Subducted Oceanic Crust - SPring-8
... We conducted in s itu X-ray diffraction experiments at up to 21 GPa and 1273 K, using the SPEED-1500 multi-anvil highpressure apparatus installed at beamline BL04B1 [1], and simultaneously determined P -V -T equations of state for majorite garnet with oceanic crust composition and ringwoodite with n ...
... We conducted in s itu X-ray diffraction experiments at up to 21 GPa and 1273 K, using the SPEED-1500 multi-anvil highpressure apparatus installed at beamline BL04B1 [1], and simultaneously determined P -V -T equations of state for majorite garnet with oceanic crust composition and ringwoodite with n ...
Study Guide Questions – Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics What
... ocean basins formed, evolved, and closed. This is summarized toward the end of Chapter 3. Review, and understand, Figure 3.37, which shows the stages in evolution of an ocean basin. Apply these processes to the breakup of Pangaea, which began about 250 million years ago, to produce the present confi ...
... ocean basins formed, evolved, and closed. This is summarized toward the end of Chapter 3. Review, and understand, Figure 3.37, which shows the stages in evolution of an ocean basin. Apply these processes to the breakup of Pangaea, which began about 250 million years ago, to produce the present confi ...
Marine Ecology 1a
... Animals do not contain gases. However, mesopelagic fish which have gasfilled swim bladders to help maintain neutral buoyancy – unable to move rapidly between depths – pressure change could cause bladder to ...
... Animals do not contain gases. However, mesopelagic fish which have gasfilled swim bladders to help maintain neutral buoyancy – unable to move rapidly between depths – pressure change could cause bladder to ...
pangaea - Cloudfront.net
... period (approximately 180 million years B.P.) and large bodies of land drifted across the surface of the Earth to ultimately become our present-day continents. The theory of continental drift was first proposed by German meteorologist Alfred Wegener in 1912. It was not until the 1960s, however, when ...
... period (approximately 180 million years B.P.) and large bodies of land drifted across the surface of the Earth to ultimately become our present-day continents. The theory of continental drift was first proposed by German meteorologist Alfred Wegener in 1912. It was not until the 1960s, however, when ...
File
... b. Sea-floor spreading occurs c. Oceanic lithosphere is destroyed d. Tectonic plates are colliding 10. Explain how oceanic lithosphere forms at mid-ocean ridges: Magma rises to the surface at a mid-ocean ridge and solidifies to form new oceanic ...
... b. Sea-floor spreading occurs c. Oceanic lithosphere is destroyed d. Tectonic plates are colliding 10. Explain how oceanic lithosphere forms at mid-ocean ridges: Magma rises to the surface at a mid-ocean ridge and solidifies to form new oceanic ...
Plate Tectonics Review With 4 Hot Spots
... A subduction zone occurs when one oceanic plate is forced down into the mantle beneath a second plate. Oceanic-Continental - Denser oceanic slab sinks into the asthenosphere. - Pockets of magma develop and rise. - Continental volcanic arcs form in part by volcanic activity caused by the subducti ...
... A subduction zone occurs when one oceanic plate is forced down into the mantle beneath a second plate. Oceanic-Continental - Denser oceanic slab sinks into the asthenosphere. - Pockets of magma develop and rise. - Continental volcanic arcs form in part by volcanic activity caused by the subducti ...
Plate Boundaries - Clinton Public Schools
... Transform Fault Boundaries • Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other • Earthquakes appear along fault lines • Example: – San Andreas Fault ...
... Transform Fault Boundaries • Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other • Earthquakes appear along fault lines • Example: – San Andreas Fault ...
Lecture 5: Oceans & Tides
... Mediterranean: completely dry a few million years ago Baltic Sea: less than 11,000 years old ...
... Mediterranean: completely dry a few million years ago Baltic Sea: less than 11,000 years old ...
Seafloor Spreading
... Seafloor Spreading Mid-Ocean Ridges Mid-ocean ridges are underwater mountain chains that run through Earth’s ocean basins. ...
... Seafloor Spreading Mid-Ocean Ridges Mid-ocean ridges are underwater mountain chains that run through Earth’s ocean basins. ...
Plate tectonics 2 - PAMS
... How could the continents move through the solid rock bottoms of the oceans? In the 1950’s, scientists using better instruments found underwater mountain chains with rift valleys in their centers ...
... How could the continents move through the solid rock bottoms of the oceans? In the 1950’s, scientists using better instruments found underwater mountain chains with rift valleys in their centers ...
raging planet - Classroom@Sea
... TYPES OF PLATE MARGIN Conservative margins Conservative margins are commonly defined by shallow earthquakes. Most are found on the ocean floor, but they can also occur on land. The San Andreas fault zone (left), slices through two thirds of the length of California. The fault is about 1300km long, ...
... TYPES OF PLATE MARGIN Conservative margins Conservative margins are commonly defined by shallow earthquakes. Most are found on the ocean floor, but they can also occur on land. The San Andreas fault zone (left), slices through two thirds of the length of California. The fault is about 1300km long, ...
The Blue Planet
... • An abyssal plain is a very level area of the deep-ocean floor, usually lying at the foot of the continental rise. • The sediments that make up abyssal plains are carried there by turbidity currents or are deposited as suspended sediment settles out. Seamounts and Guyots • A seamount is an isolat ...
... • An abyssal plain is a very level area of the deep-ocean floor, usually lying at the foot of the continental rise. • The sediments that make up abyssal plains are carried there by turbidity currents or are deposited as suspended sediment settles out. Seamounts and Guyots • A seamount is an isolat ...
- Webgeol
... Zones on the Earth’s surface where volcanic action is regular and long-lasting, due to abnormally hot areas under the Earth’s crust. These points can remain active for long periods; they are not connected to the tectonic plates, which move over them. ...
... Zones on the Earth’s surface where volcanic action is regular and long-lasting, due to abnormally hot areas under the Earth’s crust. These points can remain active for long periods; they are not connected to the tectonic plates, which move over them. ...
6th Grade Science Sample Assessment Items S6E3c.
... A. continental slope → continental shelf → continental rise → mid-ocean ridge B. continental rise → continental shelf → mid-ocean ridge → continental slope C. continental shelf → continental slope → continental rise → mid-ocean ridge* D. mid-ocean ridge → continental rise → continental shelf → conti ...
... A. continental slope → continental shelf → continental rise → mid-ocean ridge B. continental rise → continental shelf → mid-ocean ridge → continental slope C. continental shelf → continental slope → continental rise → mid-ocean ridge* D. mid-ocean ridge → continental rise → continental shelf → conti ...
Plate Tectonics Short Study Guide
... 3. Many early mapmakers thought Earth’s continents had moved based on ____. a. plate boundary locations c. climatic data b. fossil evidence d. matching coastlines ...
... 3. Many early mapmakers thought Earth’s continents had moved based on ____. a. plate boundary locations c. climatic data b. fossil evidence d. matching coastlines ...
chapter4 - West Broward High School
... Seamounts are volcanic projections from the ocean floor that do not rise above sea level. Some form at hotspots, but most are believed to be submerged in active volcanoes that formed at spreading centers. ≈ 10,000 (1/2 total) are found in the Pacific. Guyots are flat-topped seamounts eroded by wave ...
... Seamounts are volcanic projections from the ocean floor that do not rise above sea level. Some form at hotspots, but most are believed to be submerged in active volcanoes that formed at spreading centers. ≈ 10,000 (1/2 total) are found in the Pacific. Guyots are flat-topped seamounts eroded by wave ...
TYPES OF CRUSTAL MATERIAL
... Differences in chemical composition between the two types of rocks accounts for the different appearance and density. The difference in density is critical in understanding plate tectonics. ...
... Differences in chemical composition between the two types of rocks accounts for the different appearance and density. The difference in density is critical in understanding plate tectonics. ...
RHV_Margins_Mini_Lesson.v8
... Scientific drill holes have only reached levels within the Earth’s crust, to a maximum of about 12 km in continental crust and 5 km in oceanic crust. Drilling has not reached the mantle. Although drilling samples only the outermost part of the Earth, many important Earth processes can be investi ...
... Scientific drill holes have only reached levels within the Earth’s crust, to a maximum of about 12 km in continental crust and 5 km in oceanic crust. Drilling has not reached the mantle. Although drilling samples only the outermost part of the Earth, many important Earth processes can be investi ...
Chapter One
... alternating magnetization parallel to the midoceanic ridges. This is evidence for continuous formation of new rock at these ridges. As new rock forms, older rock is pushed farther away from the ridge, producing these patterns in the rock. ...
... alternating magnetization parallel to the midoceanic ridges. This is evidence for continuous formation of new rock at these ridges. As new rock forms, older rock is pushed farther away from the ridge, producing these patterns in the rock. ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.