Seismic Waves - Earth Science with Mrs. Wilson
... close to the epicenter. Their speeds vary depending on the material, rock or soil, forming the surface. These waves cause the surface to ...
... close to the epicenter. Their speeds vary depending on the material, rock or soil, forming the surface. These waves cause the surface to ...
Earthquake response analysis of reactor vessel internals for next
... In NPP structures the design of foundations is governed by the sub-soil conditions available at the specific location of the structure. The philosophy of the structure and foundation substructure type choices is influenced to a great extent by the size of the foundation soil and by the mechanical an ...
... In NPP structures the design of foundations is governed by the sub-soil conditions available at the specific location of the structure. The philosophy of the structure and foundation substructure type choices is influenced to a great extent by the size of the foundation soil and by the mechanical an ...
File - Mrs. DiLorenzo Earth Science
... inner core is SOLID? • Increase in p-wave velocity – (seismic waves speed up when moving through more dense material) ...
... inner core is SOLID? • Increase in p-wave velocity – (seismic waves speed up when moving through more dense material) ...
key questions about the early earth
... the mantle varies little due to the high temperatures in the mantle, and is usually around a value of ~5.5‰ (per mil or parts-per-thousand relative to a reference material). In contrast the δ18O composition of surface materials (e.g., minerals and rocks) varies much more widely and can range from va ...
... the mantle varies little due to the high temperatures in the mantle, and is usually around a value of ~5.5‰ (per mil or parts-per-thousand relative to a reference material). In contrast the δ18O composition of surface materials (e.g., minerals and rocks) varies much more widely and can range from va ...
Crystal preferred orientation of an amphibole experimentally
... crust that affects seismic anisotropy4–8. Seismic anisotropy in the crust has been widely observed throughout the world5,7,9, for example, it was reported in the Hikurangi subduction zone beneath the central North Island of New Zealand10 and in the lower crust beneath northeast Japan9. In particular ...
... crust that affects seismic anisotropy4–8. Seismic anisotropy in the crust has been widely observed throughout the world5,7,9, for example, it was reported in the Hikurangi subduction zone beneath the central North Island of New Zealand10 and in the lower crust beneath northeast Japan9. In particular ...
Building a simple seismometer
... Once we have a mechanical system in which the motion of an inertial mass moves relative to the ground (and hence the seismometer frame) when a seismic wave passes we need some method of detecting and recording this relative motion. Historically this motion was recorded by pens moving against a rotat ...
... Once we have a mechanical system in which the motion of an inertial mass moves relative to the ground (and hence the seismometer frame) when a seismic wave passes we need some method of detecting and recording this relative motion. Historically this motion was recorded by pens moving against a rotat ...
d(M|s) - University of Utah`s Tomography and Modeling/Migration
... Every VSP source at different S reflects off M And recorded at g We accidentally found specular ray for given (M,g), & stationary phase says this is dominant contribution. Uninteresting Part of Medium s ...
... Every VSP source at different S reflects off M And recorded at g We accidentally found specular ray for given (M,g), & stationary phase says this is dominant contribution. Uninteresting Part of Medium s ...
Statistical Rock Physics Introduction Book review 3.1-3.3 Min Sun
... by different processing, analysis, or inversion. b. responded to interface properties: e.g. reflectivity, AVO c. responded to interval properties: e.g. acoustic impedance, elastic impedance ...
... by different processing, analysis, or inversion. b. responded to interface properties: e.g. reflectivity, AVO c. responded to interval properties: e.g. acoustic impedance, elastic impedance ...
Buckling instabilities of subducted lithosphere beneath the transition
... input velocity model for the test (Fig. 3d) represents a slab 200 km wide that extends down to the core–mantle boundary (CMB). After inversion, the narrow slab is still clearly visible, with very little spurious widening (Fig. 3e). This result shows that our path coverage would enable us to resolve ...
... input velocity model for the test (Fig. 3d) represents a slab 200 km wide that extends down to the core–mantle boundary (CMB). After inversion, the narrow slab is still clearly visible, with very little spurious widening (Fig. 3e). This result shows that our path coverage would enable us to resolve ...
G. Heinson, Electromagnetic studies of the lithosphere and
... lithosphere (points 4 and 5) are starting to be addressed, as the quality and volume of data are increased. Continental passive-margin studies (point 6) are relatively few, but will probably increase over the next five years. This review mainly covers published material from 1992–1998, since Cohn Br ...
... lithosphere (points 4 and 5) are starting to be addressed, as the quality and volume of data are increased. Continental passive-margin studies (point 6) are relatively few, but will probably increase over the next five years. This review mainly covers published material from 1992–1998, since Cohn Br ...
Earthquake fault of the 26 May 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake
... Mission; SRTM-3). We further applied an adaptive filter (Goldstein and Werner, 1998; Li et al., 2006) for the SAR interferograms (Fig. 2(a)) because the interferograms contained high-frequency noise that obscured large-scale deformation associated with the earthquake. This filtering process signific ...
... Mission; SRTM-3). We further applied an adaptive filter (Goldstein and Werner, 1998; Li et al., 2006) for the SAR interferograms (Fig. 2(a)) because the interferograms contained high-frequency noise that obscured large-scale deformation associated with the earthquake. This filtering process signific ...
Second Draft with Art and Photos September 2006
... Slippage along faults seldom happens in a smooth, continuous way, but rather in discrete jumps. As rocks are compressed and sheared, they can respond by changing shape slightly, but returning back to normal when the imposed stresses are released — this is called elastic behavior. The mechanism by wh ...
... Slippage along faults seldom happens in a smooth, continuous way, but rather in discrete jumps. As rocks are compressed and sheared, they can respond by changing shape slightly, but returning back to normal when the imposed stresses are released — this is called elastic behavior. The mechanism by wh ...
Formation of plate boundaries: The role of mantle volatilization
... the mantle material (e.g. Kirby, 1983), the lithosphere is not easy to rupture. A number of studies show that subduction initiation requires high levels of stress to disrupt the lithosphere, which is a few tens of kms thick (e.g. McKenzie, 1977; Cloetingh et al., 1984; Mueller and Phillips, 1991). M ...
... the mantle material (e.g. Kirby, 1983), the lithosphere is not easy to rupture. A number of studies show that subduction initiation requires high levels of stress to disrupt the lithosphere, which is a few tens of kms thick (e.g. McKenzie, 1977; Cloetingh et al., 1984; Mueller and Phillips, 1991). M ...
Chapter 10 Worksheet
... (d) Spreading causes two plates to slip past one another on transform faults, and differences in elevation reflect differences in the age of the crust. (a) Two oceanic plates diverge, forming a rift, and allowing magma to reach the surface. (b) Oceanic crust is subducted and releases water, and magm ...
... (d) Spreading causes two plates to slip past one another on transform faults, and differences in elevation reflect differences in the age of the crust. (a) Two oceanic plates diverge, forming a rift, and allowing magma to reach the surface. (b) Oceanic crust is subducted and releases water, and magm ...
yer-17-3-7-0804-5:Mizanpaj 1 - Tubitak Journals
... relation in the domain wave-number and frequency, and linear transfer function techniques were developed (Dorman & Lewis 1970). By using and developing these techniques, the estimation of effective elastic thickness was achieved in several studies (e.g., McKenzie & Bowin 1976; Zuber et al. 1989; Har ...
... relation in the domain wave-number and frequency, and linear transfer function techniques were developed (Dorman & Lewis 1970). By using and developing these techniques, the estimation of effective elastic thickness was achieved in several studies (e.g., McKenzie & Bowin 1976; Zuber et al. 1989; Har ...
A glassy Lowermost Outer Core
... The accumulation of seismic data recorded in the Global Seismographic Network (GSN) makes it possible for many discoveries to be made related to the Earth’s inner core. One of these discoveries in recent years is the localized temporal change of the Earth’s inner core surface. The discovery is made ...
... The accumulation of seismic data recorded in the Global Seismographic Network (GSN) makes it possible for many discoveries to be made related to the Earth’s inner core. One of these discoveries in recent years is the localized temporal change of the Earth’s inner core surface. The discovery is made ...
Thermal structure and intermediate-depth seismicity in the Tohoku
... embrittlement, shear instabilities and the presence of fluids in general, depends significantly on local conditions, including pressure, temperature and composition. The wellinstrumented and well-studied subduction zone below Northern Japan (Tohoku and Hokkaido) provides an excellent testing ground ...
... embrittlement, shear instabilities and the presence of fluids in general, depends significantly on local conditions, including pressure, temperature and composition. The wellinstrumented and well-studied subduction zone below Northern Japan (Tohoku and Hokkaido) provides an excellent testing ground ...
Mantle Discontinuities - Northwestern University
... mantle boundary obtained by Shearer's [I9901 global stacking study is 660 km,with topography of less than 20 km. By observing SH-polarized ScS, and sScS, mantle reverberations, Revenaugh and Jordan [1987, 1989, 1990a, 1990bl obtain a normal-incidence reflection coefficient of 0.072kO.010 at 660 km, ...
... mantle boundary obtained by Shearer's [I9901 global stacking study is 660 km,with topography of less than 20 km. By observing SH-polarized ScS, and sScS, mantle reverberations, Revenaugh and Jordan [1987, 1989, 1990a, 1990bl obtain a normal-incidence reflection coefficient of 0.072kO.010 at 660 km, ...
Upper mantle beneath Southeast Asia from S velocity tomography
... mode measurements the interference amounts to contamination of the signal, and the seismogram or a part of its spectrum has to be discarded. Thus another advantage of a multimode technique is that it can utilize more measurements at shorter source-station distances, which allows to obtain informatio ...
... mode measurements the interference amounts to contamination of the signal, and the seismogram or a part of its spectrum has to be discarded. Thus another advantage of a multimode technique is that it can utilize more measurements at shorter source-station distances, which allows to obtain informatio ...
Imaging the lithosphere beneath NE Tibet: teleseismic P and S body
... International Deep Profiling of Tibet and the Himalaya, Phase IV broad-band seismometer deployments. We analyse these arrival times to determine tomographic images of P- and S-wave velocities in the upper mantle beneath this part of the plateau. To account for the effects of major heterogeneity in c ...
... International Deep Profiling of Tibet and the Himalaya, Phase IV broad-band seismometer deployments. We analyse these arrival times to determine tomographic images of P- and S-wave velocities in the upper mantle beneath this part of the plateau. To account for the effects of major heterogeneity in c ...
- Wiley Online Library
... [1] Relocated hypocentral data from a 7-month deployment (October 2003 to April 2004) of ocean bottom seismometers provide an opportunity to map microearthquake frequency-magnitude distributions (FMDs) along the 9°49–520N region on the East Pacific Rise. These analyses, which incorporate more than 9 ...
... [1] Relocated hypocentral data from a 7-month deployment (October 2003 to April 2004) of ocean bottom seismometers provide an opportunity to map microearthquake frequency-magnitude distributions (FMDs) along the 9°49–520N region on the East Pacific Rise. These analyses, which incorporate more than 9 ...
Interrelationship between small strain modulus G0 and operative
... function of the horizontal stress index KD for clay (having material index ID < 0.6), silt (0.6 < ID < 1.8) and sand (ID > 1.8). Best fit equations are indicated for each soil type. Recognizable trends in Figure 5 are: (a) The data points tend to group according to their ID (soil type). (b) G0 /MDMT ...
... function of the horizontal stress index KD for clay (having material index ID < 0.6), silt (0.6 < ID < 1.8) and sand (ID > 1.8). Best fit equations are indicated for each soil type. Recognizable trends in Figure 5 are: (a) The data points tend to group according to their ID (soil type). (b) G0 /MDMT ...
Short-term episodicity of Archaean plate tectonics
... for a Phanerozoic setting is compared to an Archaean setting (with an assumed 200 K hotter mantle). The Phanerozoic model illustrates continuous subduction with a typical 5-10 cm/yr convergence rate, representative for today’s subduction. The Archaean setting displays a different behavior, as slabs ...
... for a Phanerozoic setting is compared to an Archaean setting (with an assumed 200 K hotter mantle). The Phanerozoic model illustrates continuous subduction with a typical 5-10 cm/yr convergence rate, representative for today’s subduction. The Archaean setting displays a different behavior, as slabs ...
Earthscope
Earthscope is an earth science program using geological and geophysical techniques to explore the structure and evolution of the North American continent and to understand the processes controlling earthquakes and volcanoes. The project has three components: USARRAY, the Plate Boundary Observatory, and the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth.The project is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the data produced is publicly accessible in real-time. Organizations associated with the project include UNAVCO, the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), Stanford University, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Several international organizations also contribute to the initiative.