preliminary - Research at UVU
... Science and Health main office (one of the secretaries will put it in Prof. Bunds’ mailbox). Make yourself a photocopy of your insurance work and be sure to follow the directions to ensure you get full credit. HANDOUTS: Where to find study guides and handouts on the web: http://research.uvu.edu/bund ...
... Science and Health main office (one of the secretaries will put it in Prof. Bunds’ mailbox). Make yourself a photocopy of your insurance work and be sure to follow the directions to ensure you get full credit. HANDOUTS: Where to find study guides and handouts on the web: http://research.uvu.edu/bund ...
`Azores Hotspot`a Wetspot?
... main volcanic systems: the Topo^Lajes complex, where the oldest age was found; the Pico Ridge complex (Planalto da Achada Fissure Zone), which is subaerial for ca. 30 km and extends underwater for ca. 100 km (Stretch et al., 2006), and where the eruptive activity continued until AD 1562; and the Pic ...
... main volcanic systems: the Topo^Lajes complex, where the oldest age was found; the Pico Ridge complex (Planalto da Achada Fissure Zone), which is subaerial for ca. 30 km and extends underwater for ca. 100 km (Stretch et al., 2006), and where the eruptive activity continued until AD 1562; and the Pic ...
The Yellowstone magmatic system from the mantle plume to the
... hazard assessment (14). Many local seismic array experiments have been conducted on volcanoes such as Askja, Iceland (15); Axial, Juan de Fuca mid-ocean ridge (16); Kilauea, Hawaii (17); and Mount St. Helens, Washington (18). A common observation of these experiments is an imaged shallow low-velocit ...
... hazard assessment (14). Many local seismic array experiments have been conducted on volcanoes such as Askja, Iceland (15); Axial, Juan de Fuca mid-ocean ridge (16); Kilauea, Hawaii (17); and Mount St. Helens, Washington (18). A common observation of these experiments is an imaged shallow low-velocit ...
Constraints on asthenospheric flow from the depths of oceanic
... [1] The fastest spreading center, the East Pacific Rise (EPR), is consistently deeper than most other spreading centers. Its average depth along the 5000 km length is 3100 m, while the mean depth along the adjacent, slower spreading Pacific-Antarctic Rise (PAR) is 2700 m. The deepest spreading ce ...
... [1] The fastest spreading center, the East Pacific Rise (EPR), is consistently deeper than most other spreading centers. Its average depth along the 5000 km length is 3100 m, while the mean depth along the adjacent, slower spreading Pacific-Antarctic Rise (PAR) is 2700 m. The deepest spreading ce ...
SUBDUCTION ZONE)
... ray approximation. Studied area and slab location are shown in Figure 1. Figure 2 shows results for Q-value of Petukhin et al., 2003. Generally, estimated «total» Q-values agree well with results of other studies and with common expectations based on the tectonic structure, except of one striking re ...
... ray approximation. Studied area and slab location are shown in Figure 1. Figure 2 shows results for Q-value of Petukhin et al., 2003. Generally, estimated «total» Q-values agree well with results of other studies and with common expectations based on the tectonic structure, except of one striking re ...
Lamarque_Arlita_SKS_RF_GJI_201
... ±0.004 s km−1 at the permanent station). At DRV, we also rejected deep events (depths > 100 km) mainly from the Tonga-Fidji region in order to select events with similar incidence angles. (5) We used the approach of Tkalčić et al. (2011) and kept only events with cross-correlation coefficients hig ...
... ±0.004 s km−1 at the permanent station). At DRV, we also rejected deep events (depths > 100 km) mainly from the Tonga-Fidji region in order to select events with similar incidence angles. (5) We used the approach of Tkalčić et al. (2011) and kept only events with cross-correlation coefficients hig ...
The Restless Earth
... Ocean trenches form at destructive subduction margins (oceanic plate sinks beneath continental plate e.g. Pacific Plate and North American Plate) Young fold mountains form at both destructive subduction margins and destructive collision margins (where two continental plates collide e.g. African plat ...
... Ocean trenches form at destructive subduction margins (oceanic plate sinks beneath continental plate e.g. Pacific Plate and North American Plate) Young fold mountains form at both destructive subduction margins and destructive collision margins (where two continental plates collide e.g. African plat ...
PDF
... aulacogen (Keller and Baldridge, 1995). Surface geological observations and crustal-scale geophysical experiments suggest that the crust beneath the aulacogen is dominated by a large thick (~10 km) mafic layered complex, the Glen Mountains layered complex, overlain by thin A-type sheet granites and ...
... aulacogen (Keller and Baldridge, 1995). Surface geological observations and crustal-scale geophysical experiments suggest that the crust beneath the aulacogen is dominated by a large thick (~10 km) mafic layered complex, the Glen Mountains layered complex, overlain by thin A-type sheet granites and ...
Magma genesis, plate tectonics, and chemical
... achieved by cross fertilization between seismology, experimental petrology and phase equilibria, and mineral physics. Increasingly precise seismic data are producing more information about the structure of the mantle. High-resolution velocity profiles have been determined for various tectonic provin ...
... achieved by cross fertilization between seismology, experimental petrology and phase equilibria, and mineral physics. Increasingly precise seismic data are producing more information about the structure of the mantle. High-resolution velocity profiles have been determined for various tectonic provin ...
Convergent Plate Boundaries - North Coast Distance Education
... The fact that the subducting lithosphere is so much colder than the hot asthenosphere through which it moves explains a great deal about the slab’s behavior. The cold slab is much more brittle, stronger, and resistant to ductile flow. It resists mixing with the rest of the mantle and continues to mo ...
... The fact that the subducting lithosphere is so much colder than the hot asthenosphere through which it moves explains a great deal about the slab’s behavior. The cold slab is much more brittle, stronger, and resistant to ductile flow. It resists mixing with the rest of the mantle and continues to mo ...
Bedrock - NH Division of Forests and Lands
... rocks are those that have formed from the cooling and crystallization of molten rock. Molten rock found below the Earth’s surface, within the lithosphere of the Earth, is known as magma, while molten rock that has erupted onto the ocean floor or onto the surface of a continent is known as lava. Igne ...
... rocks are those that have formed from the cooling and crystallization of molten rock. Molten rock found below the Earth’s surface, within the lithosphere of the Earth, is known as magma, while molten rock that has erupted onto the ocean floor or onto the surface of a continent is known as lava. Igne ...
Crustal magma plumbing within a segment of the Mid
... tectable given our ray set. Seismic re£ection pro¢les in our study area have determined one-dimensional shallow (to depths of 800 m) velocity structures for 11 locations, ranging in age from 0 to 1.9 Ma [23]. Ray tracing through these structures we ¢nd a maximum 1-way variation of 20 ms for vertical ...
... tectable given our ray set. Seismic re£ection pro¢les in our study area have determined one-dimensional shallow (to depths of 800 m) velocity structures for 11 locations, ranging in age from 0 to 1.9 Ma [23]. Ray tracing through these structures we ¢nd a maximum 1-way variation of 20 ms for vertical ...
7 Volcano-tectonic Interactions in Kyushu and Implications for Future
... Many previous workers have noted that most of the arc volcanoes in Kyushu (with the exception of Unzen) lie in a region generally above the 100 km contour of the subducting slab. Due to a southward increase in back-arc extension rate and southward steepening of the subducting slab, there is a south ...
... Many previous workers have noted that most of the arc volcanoes in Kyushu (with the exception of Unzen) lie in a region generally above the 100 km contour of the subducting slab. Due to a southward increase in back-arc extension rate and southward steepening of the subducting slab, there is a south ...
Sea-floor basement morphology: Distinguishing
... Whatever processes create “ridge-centered” hotspots (e.g., Azores, Iceland, and Galapagoes) also modulate the oceanic crust formed by seafloor spreading. (A thicker crust and off-axis volcanism are two features commonly attributed to hotspot modulation). Much has been learned about the thickness, st ...
... Whatever processes create “ridge-centered” hotspots (e.g., Azores, Iceland, and Galapagoes) also modulate the oceanic crust formed by seafloor spreading. (A thicker crust and off-axis volcanism are two features commonly attributed to hotspot modulation). Much has been learned about the thickness, st ...
Durham Research Online
... Figure 4. All model results and the calculated scaling law (dotted line) in a slab viscosity (s) vs. lower crust viscosity (l) plot. Dots represent the break-off mode (filled dots for the intermediate behaviour, outlined also by the grey banded area) and squares represent the delamination mode. and ...
... Figure 4. All model results and the calculated scaling law (dotted line) in a slab viscosity (s) vs. lower crust viscosity (l) plot. Dots represent the break-off mode (filled dots for the intermediate behaviour, outlined also by the grey banded area) and squares represent the delamination mode. and ...
The lowermost mantle beneath northern Asia—II. Evidence for lower
... We have analysed prediffracted S-waves with turning points beneath northern Siberia in a study of anisotropy in the lowermost mantle. Deep-focus earthquakes beneath the Marianas, Izu Bonin and the Sea of Japan recorded at stations in western Europe are used. A correction for upper-mantle anisotropy ...
... We have analysed prediffracted S-waves with turning points beneath northern Siberia in a study of anisotropy in the lowermost mantle. Deep-focus earthquakes beneath the Marianas, Izu Bonin and the Sea of Japan recorded at stations in western Europe are used. A correction for upper-mantle anisotropy ...
June 2006 in Valdez, Alaska
... Brad Hacker showed that new bulk compositional estimates for the Talkeetna arc section, informed by thermobarometry indicating the possible depth variation for different lithologies, range from basaltic to andesitic, with the most felsic estimates falling into the range for bulk continental crust. H ...
... Brad Hacker showed that new bulk compositional estimates for the Talkeetna arc section, informed by thermobarometry indicating the possible depth variation for different lithologies, range from basaltic to andesitic, with the most felsic estimates falling into the range for bulk continental crust. H ...
G12a-Origin of the Mississippi
... southern end of the Appalachians, forming a continuous range that forced rivers draining the continental interior to flow north or west into the sea. Passage of North America over a temporarily reinvigorated mantle hot spot caused uplift of a section of this mountain range just north of the Gulf of M ...
... southern end of the Appalachians, forming a continuous range that forced rivers draining the continental interior to flow north or west into the sea. Passage of North America over a temporarily reinvigorated mantle hot spot caused uplift of a section of this mountain range just north of the Gulf of M ...
Dear Professor Chapman, With best regards, Jeff Gu and Coauthors
... estimated thickness is less accurate than the H-k method by Zhu and Kanamori, which is popularly used by many others. We agree. However, in view that this study is really trying to get a first-order analysis of Moho, with the specific goal of surveying all reflective structures in the crust and mant ...
... estimated thickness is less accurate than the H-k method by Zhu and Kanamori, which is popularly used by many others. We agree. However, in view that this study is really trying to get a first-order analysis of Moho, with the specific goal of surveying all reflective structures in the crust and mant ...
Alpine–Himalayan orogenic belt
... by Early Paleogene time there was a change in the subduction angle from steep to gentle and the Farallon plate moved nearly horizontally beneath North America ...
... by Early Paleogene time there was a change in the subduction angle from steep to gentle and the Farallon plate moved nearly horizontally beneath North America ...
Endogenous Processes - Where Great Things Happen
... Tsunamis: Earthquakes can occur anywhere on the earth. Often, though, they occur at the edges of the plates. Remember, plates are found beneath continents and beneath ocean floors. When there is movement beneath the ocean floor, the water above it is disturbed. A great wave starts traveling across ...
... Tsunamis: Earthquakes can occur anywhere on the earth. Often, though, they occur at the edges of the plates. Remember, plates are found beneath continents and beneath ocean floors. When there is movement beneath the ocean floor, the water above it is disturbed. A great wave starts traveling across ...
The Early Cretaceous Arperos oceanic basin
... are also included REE-patterns for oceanic island basalt (OIB), enriched mid-oceanic ridge basalt (E-MORB) and depleted or normal mid-oceanic ridge basalt (N-MORB) according to Sun and McDonough (1989). ...
... are also included REE-patterns for oceanic island basalt (OIB), enriched mid-oceanic ridge basalt (E-MORB) and depleted or normal mid-oceanic ridge basalt (N-MORB) according to Sun and McDonough (1989). ...
Mantle plume
A mantle plume is a mechanism proposed in 1971 to explain volcanic regions of the earth that were not thought to be explicable by the then-new theory of plate tectonics. Some such volcanic regions lie far from tectonic plate boundaries, for example, Hawaii. Others represent unusually large-volume volcanism, whether on plate boundaries, e.g. Iceland, or basalt floods such as the Deccan or Siberian traps.A mantle plume is posited to exist where hot rock nucleates at the core-mantle boundary and rises through the Earth's mantle becoming a diapir in the Earth's crust. The currently active volcanic centers are known as ""hot spots"". In particular, the concept that mantle plumes are fixed relative to one another, and anchored at the core-mantle boundary, was thought to provide a natural explanation for the time-progressive chains of older volcanoes seen extending out from some such hot spots, such as the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain.The hypothesis of mantle plumes from depth is not universally accepted as explaining all such volcanism. It has required progressive hypothesis-elaboration leading to variant propositions such as mini-plumes and pulsing plumes. Another hypothesis for unusual volcanic regions is the ""Plate model"". This proposes shallower, passive leakage of magma from the mantle onto the Earth's surface where extension of the lithosphere permits it, attributing most volcanism to plate tectonic processes, with volcanoes far from plate boundaries resulting from intraplate extension.