Evolution of the Indian Continental Lithosphere: Insights from
... lithospheres of the world with characteristic properties of essentially lithospheric thickness and density and intimately related aspects of chemistry ( composition) through the three major time bands, broadly the Archaean, the Proterozoic and the Phanerozoic. Viewed from the scales of distinction, ...
... lithospheres of the world with characteristic properties of essentially lithospheric thickness and density and intimately related aspects of chemistry ( composition) through the three major time bands, broadly the Archaean, the Proterozoic and the Phanerozoic. Viewed from the scales of distinction, ...
A numerical investigation of continental collision styles
... equation are known for a specific model set-up, except L. Crameri & Kaus (2010) pointed out that localization could be predicted if L is considered as the brittle thickness of the lithosphere. Substitution of corresponding values from Table 1, using a characteristic length L of 20 km, and a backgrou ...
... equation are known for a specific model set-up, except L. Crameri & Kaus (2010) pointed out that localization could be predicted if L is considered as the brittle thickness of the lithosphere. Substitution of corresponding values from Table 1, using a characteristic length L of 20 km, and a backgrou ...
and the Korea Strait
... ABSTRACT: Group velocity maps were derived for the southern East Sea (Japan Sea) and the Korea Strait (Tsushima Strait) for the 5–36 s period range, which is sensitive to shear wave velocities of the crust and the uppermost mantle. Images produced in our study enhance our understanding of the tecton ...
... ABSTRACT: Group velocity maps were derived for the southern East Sea (Japan Sea) and the Korea Strait (Tsushima Strait) for the 5–36 s period range, which is sensitive to shear wave velocities of the crust and the uppermost mantle. Images produced in our study enhance our understanding of the tecton ...
A tensile, flexural model for the initiation of subduction
... consider the flow field that results purely kinematically for Fig. 2(a), assuming the non-subducting plate is at rest and is bounded on the right by a ridge. If the ridge is spreading symmetrically and migrating to the right, it creates a clockwise circulation, while the subducting slab creates a co ...
... consider the flow field that results purely kinematically for Fig. 2(a), assuming the non-subducting plate is at rest and is bounded on the right by a ridge. If the ridge is spreading symmetrically and migrating to the right, it creates a clockwise circulation, while the subducting slab creates a co ...
Tectonic controls on the distribution of large
... No significant porphyry systems are known in western Indonesia. The subducting oceanic plate in this region comprises cold Eocene crust, while the thin lithosphere of SE Asia is also relatively cold. These factors suggest that the subducting oceanic plate never had time to heat up sufficiently to si ...
... No significant porphyry systems are known in western Indonesia. The subducting oceanic plate in this region comprises cold Eocene crust, while the thin lithosphere of SE Asia is also relatively cold. These factors suggest that the subducting oceanic plate never had time to heat up sufficiently to si ...
Asthenosphere
... The asthenosphere is located directly below the tectonic plates of the lithosphere. The asthenosphere takes up about 6% of the mantle, but it is still capable of holding up the tectonic plates. The asthenosphere starts about 100 km into the Earth, and is about 400 – 700 km thick. ...
... The asthenosphere is located directly below the tectonic plates of the lithosphere. The asthenosphere takes up about 6% of the mantle, but it is still capable of holding up the tectonic plates. The asthenosphere starts about 100 km into the Earth, and is about 400 – 700 km thick. ...
Ophiolites and Their Origins
... and proposed, based on geochemical interpretations, that Ophiolites are the remnants of ancient oceanic crust the Troodos oceanic crust on Cyprus was a product of and upper mantle that were tectonically emplaced into island arc magmatism. This was a revolutionary but controcontinental margins. They ...
... and proposed, based on geochemical interpretations, that Ophiolites are the remnants of ancient oceanic crust the Troodos oceanic crust on Cyprus was a product of and upper mantle that were tectonically emplaced into island arc magmatism. This was a revolutionary but controcontinental margins. They ...
Opening of the North Atlantic and Norwegian
... of the North American Plate past the Eurasian Plate during the opening of the North Atlantic created an upthrust zone that formed due to space constraints associated with low-angle convergent strike slip or transform motion. The easiest direction for space relief for the squeezed sediments is vertic ...
... of the North American Plate past the Eurasian Plate during the opening of the North Atlantic created an upthrust zone that formed due to space constraints associated with low-angle convergent strike slip or transform motion. The easiest direction for space relief for the squeezed sediments is vertic ...
Distinct crustal isostasy trends east and west of the Rocky Mountain
... 2012]. Similar or smaller density contrasts are possible if the lower crust is rich in mafic cumulates or basalt, but the prevalence of mafic lower crust is unclear because some felsic compositions have density contrasts with the upper mantle as small as ~0.15–0.2 g/cm3 and similar seismic velocities ...
... 2012]. Similar or smaller density contrasts are possible if the lower crust is rich in mafic cumulates or basalt, but the prevalence of mafic lower crust is unclear because some felsic compositions have density contrasts with the upper mantle as small as ~0.15–0.2 g/cm3 and similar seismic velocities ...
Bebout Metamorphic chemical geodynamics of subduction zones
... Fig. 1. Sketch of an ocean–continent subduction zone, illustrating key structural elements, some selected flux pathways, areas of remaining uncertainty in considerations of subduction-zone recycling, and two models for the nature of the slab–mantle interface (Stern, 2002; see text for discussion). O ...
... Fig. 1. Sketch of an ocean–continent subduction zone, illustrating key structural elements, some selected flux pathways, areas of remaining uncertainty in considerations of subduction-zone recycling, and two models for the nature of the slab–mantle interface (Stern, 2002; see text for discussion). O ...
Metamorphic chemical geodynamics of subduction zones
... Fig. 1. Sketch of an ocean–continent subduction zone, illustrating key structural elements, some selected flux pathways, areas of remaining uncertainty in considerations of subduction-zone recycling, and two models for the nature of the slab–mantle interface (Stern, 2002; see text for discussion). O ...
... Fig. 1. Sketch of an ocean–continent subduction zone, illustrating key structural elements, some selected flux pathways, areas of remaining uncertainty in considerations of subduction-zone recycling, and two models for the nature of the slab–mantle interface (Stern, 2002; see text for discussion). O ...
Crust and Upper Mantle Velocity Structure of the Yellowstone Hot
... The above observations all suggest the YHT is the manifestation of a weak upper mantle plume with little buoyancy induced lateral flow at the base of the lithosphere. [3] The previous teleseismic body wave tomographic models all have limitations, however. Only relative velocity variations are constr ...
... The above observations all suggest the YHT is the manifestation of a weak upper mantle plume with little buoyancy induced lateral flow at the base of the lithosphere. [3] The previous teleseismic body wave tomographic models all have limitations, however. Only relative velocity variations are constr ...
2003108 - Geological Society of America
... (as inferred from earthquakes by Pardo and Suárez, 1995) are included for reference. Approximate locations of Deep Sea Drilling Project legs 66 (L66), 67 (L67), and 84 (L84) are also indicated. Our geochemical database for the MVB (411 individual samples) concerns a wider area to the East and to the ...
... (as inferred from earthquakes by Pardo and Suárez, 1995) are included for reference. Approximate locations of Deep Sea Drilling Project legs 66 (L66), 67 (L67), and 84 (L84) are also indicated. Our geochemical database for the MVB (411 individual samples) concerns a wider area to the East and to the ...
s Crust and Upper Mantle
... an elasticsolid to the passageof seismicdisturbances.The ef- defined on the basisof seismic,thermal, compositional,or mefective seismicrigidity, or resistanceto deformation by shear- chanical properties. We will use the term in the restricted ing stresses, is comparableto the strengthof steel,but th ...
... an elasticsolid to the passageof seismicdisturbances.The ef- defined on the basisof seismic,thermal, compositional,or mefective seismicrigidity, or resistanceto deformation by shear- chanical properties. We will use the term in the restricted ing stresses, is comparableto the strengthof steel,but th ...
Midterm 1 study guide
... Describe the relationship between type of magma and the resulting volcanic eruption. Why are Hawaiian volcanoes generally less dangerous than continental volcanoes? How do pillow lavas form? Where would you expect to find them forming today? What significance might be accorded their discovery on a c ...
... Describe the relationship between type of magma and the resulting volcanic eruption. Why are Hawaiian volcanoes generally less dangerous than continental volcanoes? How do pillow lavas form? Where would you expect to find them forming today? What significance might be accorded their discovery on a c ...
Magmas and Lavas
... depths and has the ability to migrate to shallower levels where it either crystallizes at depth giving rise to igneous intrusions, or erupts at the surface to form volcanic rocks. Lava: Is erupted molten material that can flow on the surface of the earth. A lava may therefore be considered a magma t ...
... depths and has the ability to migrate to shallower levels where it either crystallizes at depth giving rise to igneous intrusions, or erupts at the surface to form volcanic rocks. Lava: Is erupted molten material that can flow on the surface of the earth. A lava may therefore be considered a magma t ...
Support of high elevation in the southern Basin and Range based
... summit of the MCC. In fact the average Vp/Vs measurement of all MCCs is greater (1.83) than remaining Basin and Range stations (1.73) ignoring station DSRT. Measurements at ABBY and TUC curiously exhibit equal or slightly thicker crust than the higher elevation MCCs sampled at KITT, LEMN and SQRL. T ...
... summit of the MCC. In fact the average Vp/Vs measurement of all MCCs is greater (1.83) than remaining Basin and Range stations (1.73) ignoring station DSRT. Measurements at ABBY and TUC curiously exhibit equal or slightly thicker crust than the higher elevation MCCs sampled at KITT, LEMN and SQRL. T ...
Factors influencing magmatism during continental break
... seaward-dipping reflectors (Hinz, 1981), and the rifting of the Seychelles from the Indian sub-continent ...
... seaward-dipping reflectors (Hinz, 1981), and the rifting of the Seychelles from the Indian sub-continent ...
Planetary Geology - Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
... Meteorite types… Meteorites are divided and subdivided into dozens of types, according to their mineralogical composition, crystallisation characteristics, origin (planetary, asteroids, etc.), representation, etc. Crucially, as per the asteroid family, they exhibit a range of compositions and minera ...
... Meteorite types… Meteorites are divided and subdivided into dozens of types, according to their mineralogical composition, crystallisation characteristics, origin (planetary, asteroids, etc.), representation, etc. Crucially, as per the asteroid family, they exhibit a range of compositions and minera ...
Triggering of the largest Deccan eruptions by the Chicxulub impact
... eruptions of the Deccan continental flood basalt province suggest that these three events may have occurred within less than about a hundred thousand years of each other. Partial melting induced by the Chicxulub event does not provide an energetically plausible explanation for this coincidence, and ...
... eruptions of the Deccan continental flood basalt province suggest that these three events may have occurred within less than about a hundred thousand years of each other. Partial melting induced by the Chicxulub event does not provide an energetically plausible explanation for this coincidence, and ...
A Review of the Role of Subduction Dynamics for Regional and
... forces, the magnitude of plate–mantle coupling, and the strength of the lithosphere and asthenospheric mantle. Several lines of evidence point toward the importance of the subduction process for all of these issues, implying that models of slab dynamics may provide important clues for understanding ...
... forces, the magnitude of plate–mantle coupling, and the strength of the lithosphere and asthenospheric mantle. Several lines of evidence point toward the importance of the subduction process for all of these issues, implying that models of slab dynamics may provide important clues for understanding ...
Mantle plume
A mantle plume is a mechanism proposed in 1971 to explain volcanic regions of the earth that were not thought to be explicable by the then-new theory of plate tectonics. Some such volcanic regions lie far from tectonic plate boundaries, for example, Hawaii. Others represent unusually large-volume volcanism, whether on plate boundaries, e.g. Iceland, or basalt floods such as the Deccan or Siberian traps.A mantle plume is posited to exist where hot rock nucleates at the core-mantle boundary and rises through the Earth's mantle becoming a diapir in the Earth's crust. The currently active volcanic centers are known as ""hot spots"". In particular, the concept that mantle plumes are fixed relative to one another, and anchored at the core-mantle boundary, was thought to provide a natural explanation for the time-progressive chains of older volcanoes seen extending out from some such hot spots, such as the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain.The hypothesis of mantle plumes from depth is not universally accepted as explaining all such volcanism. It has required progressive hypothesis-elaboration leading to variant propositions such as mini-plumes and pulsing plumes. Another hypothesis for unusual volcanic regions is the ""Plate model"". This proposes shallower, passive leakage of magma from the mantle onto the Earth's surface where extension of the lithosphere permits it, attributing most volcanism to plate tectonic processes, with volcanoes far from plate boundaries resulting from intraplate extension.