Aftershock observation of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of... by using ocean bottom seismometer network
... was used to construct an initial model for the 2-D ray tracing method (Zelt and Smith, 1992). This used a trial-anderror method to obtain a 2-D velocity model that can explain the observed travel times of first and later arrivals for all the OBSs on the profiles. Although the study area has large la ...
... was used to construct an initial model for the 2-D ray tracing method (Zelt and Smith, 1992). This used a trial-anderror method to obtain a 2-D velocity model that can explain the observed travel times of first and later arrivals for all the OBSs on the profiles. Although the study area has large la ...
On the Correlation between Seismicity Characteristics and S Wave
... regions worldwide were preceded by ring structures of seismicity, which generally take several decades to form [Sobolev, 1993; Kopnichev and Mikhailova, 2000; Kop nichev et al., 2006; Jaume and Sykes, 1999]. Such struc tures mostly consist of earthquakes with energies a few orders below that of th ...
... regions worldwide were preceded by ring structures of seismicity, which generally take several decades to form [Sobolev, 1993; Kopnichev and Mikhailova, 2000; Kop nichev et al., 2006; Jaume and Sykes, 1999]. Such struc tures mostly consist of earthquakes with energies a few orders below that of th ...
psha using different attenuation relationships for different
... epistemic uncertainties will not be able to solve this type of problem. This paper presents an example of the PSHA with simultaneous use of different attenuation relations for different seismic sources. The example region considered encompasses northeast Indian and part of western Burma, which are s ...
... epistemic uncertainties will not be able to solve this type of problem. This paper presents an example of the PSHA with simultaneous use of different attenuation relations for different seismic sources. The example region considered encompasses northeast Indian and part of western Burma, which are s ...
Crustal flow in Tibet: geophysical evidence for the physical state of
... temperature and lithology, and hence rheology. Most data have been collected between ~88°E and 95°E in a corridor around the Lhasa-Golmud highway, but newer experiments in western Tibet, and inversions of seismic data utilizing wave-paths transiting the Tibetan Plateau, support a substantial uniform ...
... temperature and lithology, and hence rheology. Most data have been collected between ~88°E and 95°E in a corridor around the Lhasa-Golmud highway, but newer experiments in western Tibet, and inversions of seismic data utilizing wave-paths transiting the Tibetan Plateau, support a substantial uniform ...
The Neoarchean Ophiolite in the North China Craton: Early
... and Watson, 1995; Rapp et al., 1991). However, some cratons preserve a tectonic framework of high-grade granulite-gneiss and greenstone belts formed in the Early Archean. Greenstone belts consist of low-grade metamorphic volcanic-sedimentary rocks which are typically exposed as linear fold belts aro ...
... and Watson, 1995; Rapp et al., 1991). However, some cratons preserve a tectonic framework of high-grade granulite-gneiss and greenstone belts formed in the Early Archean. Greenstone belts consist of low-grade metamorphic volcanic-sedimentary rocks which are typically exposed as linear fold belts aro ...
7.08 Mantle Downwellings and the Fate of Subducting Slabs
... studies (e.g., Isacks and Molnar, 1971), most slab thermal structure models assume no deformation of the downgoing slab. There is a continuing effort to document and understand changes in petrology along arcs as well, and in many cases these changes cannot be correlated with the traditional paramete ...
... studies (e.g., Isacks and Molnar, 1971), most slab thermal structure models assume no deformation of the downgoing slab. There is a continuing effort to document and understand changes in petrology along arcs as well, and in many cases these changes cannot be correlated with the traditional paramete ...
Jackson and Gunnarss..
... anomalies from the opposite sides of the spreading axis are superimposed there are some complications and discrepancies that occur on the landmasses and in the oceans. For example, overlap occurs between ...
... anomalies from the opposite sides of the spreading axis are superimposed there are some complications and discrepancies that occur on the landmasses and in the oceans. For example, overlap occurs between ...
Crustal structure transition from oceanic arc to continental arc
... two domains between the 6.0 and 6.5 km/s velocity contours. This line and a north^south trending trough of velocities 6 6 km/s south of western Unimak divide the upper crust into three seismically distinct regions which we infer represent the three distinct terranes that make up our area (oceanic Al ...
... two domains between the 6.0 and 6.5 km/s velocity contours. This line and a north^south trending trough of velocities 6 6 km/s south of western Unimak divide the upper crust into three seismically distinct regions which we infer represent the three distinct terranes that make up our area (oceanic Al ...
India-Asia collision and the Cenozoic slowdown of the Indian plate
... Indian Ocean. The Wharton mid-ocean ridge was abandoned (WR on Figure 3a), active spreading ceased in the northeastern Indian Ocean, and the Indian plate approximately tripled in size to include the region of the Australian continent [e.g., Liu et al., 1983]. This present-day plate is also referred ...
... Indian Ocean. The Wharton mid-ocean ridge was abandoned (WR on Figure 3a), active spreading ceased in the northeastern Indian Ocean, and the Indian plate approximately tripled in size to include the region of the Australian continent [e.g., Liu et al., 1983]. This present-day plate is also referred ...
The track of the Yellowstone hot spot
... K. L. Pierce and L. A. Morgan No continental analogues similar to Yellowstone eastern Snake River Plain are known to us for a hot spot/mantle plume. The following special characteristics of the North American plate and the western United States are probably important in how the Yellowstone hot spot ...
... K. L. Pierce and L. A. Morgan No continental analogues similar to Yellowstone eastern Snake River Plain are known to us for a hot spot/mantle plume. The following special characteristics of the North American plate and the western United States are probably important in how the Yellowstone hot spot ...
A Bimodal Alkalic Shield Volcano on Skiff Bank
... of 20–30 km thickness, covers an area of >2 × 106 km2 (three times the size of France) in the southern Indian Ocean. Like Ontong Java, it was thought to have formed through massive basaltic volcanism, which erupted in an entirely oceanic setting as a large mantle plume impinged on the base of the oc ...
... of 20–30 km thickness, covers an area of >2 × 106 km2 (three times the size of France) in the southern Indian Ocean. Like Ontong Java, it was thought to have formed through massive basaltic volcanism, which erupted in an entirely oceanic setting as a large mantle plume impinged on the base of the oc ...
Crustal structure of northern and southern Tibet from surface wave
... horizontal anisotropy is not thought to present a problem there. In northern Tibet (Qiantang terrane) large SKS splitting occurs, however, the direction of anisotropy varies over short length scales (100– 200 km) [Huang et al., 2000], such that the lateral averaging effect of surface waves already r ...
... horizontal anisotropy is not thought to present a problem there. In northern Tibet (Qiantang terrane) large SKS splitting occurs, however, the direction of anisotropy varies over short length scales (100– 200 km) [Huang et al., 2000], such that the lateral averaging effect of surface waves already r ...
seamount subduction and earthquakes
... rupture history of large subduction zone earthquakes, the deep seismic structure of forearc overriding plates, and the morphology of subducting oceanic plates. Kodaira et al. (2000) used an integrated data set of earthquake aftershock relocations, seismic refraction, and swath bathymetry data to sug ...
... rupture history of large subduction zone earthquakes, the deep seismic structure of forearc overriding plates, and the morphology of subducting oceanic plates. Kodaira et al. (2000) used an integrated data set of earthquake aftershock relocations, seismic refraction, and swath bathymetry data to sug ...
Slab behaviour and its surface expression: new insights
... slab in general, namely subduction, steepening, delamination and break-off. Then, we apply this method to the SE-Carpathians, test different models for the tectonic evolution of the region, and compare the results with measured data. In the SE-Carpathians, Miocene oceanic subduction was followed by ...
... slab in general, namely subduction, steepening, delamination and break-off. Then, we apply this method to the SE-Carpathians, test different models for the tectonic evolution of the region, and compare the results with measured data. In the SE-Carpathians, Miocene oceanic subduction was followed by ...
Infrasound/seismic observation of the Hayabusa reentry
... In order to understand bolide, and meteorite, falls, observations of such events from the ground are now routinely made in many regions on the Earth using various methods such as still-photographs (e.g., Halliday et al., 1981, 1996), video recording (e.g., Borovic̆kia et al., 2003), and spectroscopy ...
... In order to understand bolide, and meteorite, falls, observations of such events from the ground are now routinely made in many regions on the Earth using various methods such as still-photographs (e.g., Halliday et al., 1981, 1996), video recording (e.g., Borovic̆kia et al., 2003), and spectroscopy ...
SCIENCE CHINA Magmatism during continental collision
... in every periods of an orogenic cycle, from oceanic subduction, continental collision to orogenic collapse. Continental collision requires the existence of prior oceanic subduction zone. It is generally assumed that the prerequisite of continental deep subduction is oceanic subduction and its drag f ...
... in every periods of an orogenic cycle, from oceanic subduction, continental collision to orogenic collapse. Continental collision requires the existence of prior oceanic subduction zone. It is generally assumed that the prerequisite of continental deep subduction is oceanic subduction and its drag f ...
Deep structures and breakup along volcanic rifted margins: insights
... High to the west that delimits the ocean – continent transition (Fig. 2). Large-scale geodynamic processes and rifting evolution since the post-Caledonian collapse of the Vøring Basin have been extensively described and documented in the literature (Bjørnseth et al., 1997; Brekke, 2000; Gernigon, Ri ...
... High to the west that delimits the ocean – continent transition (Fig. 2). Large-scale geodynamic processes and rifting evolution since the post-Caledonian collapse of the Vøring Basin have been extensively described and documented in the literature (Bjørnseth et al., 1997; Brekke, 2000; Gernigon, Ri ...
... elements and geochemically similar elements) form when normal eucrite magmas pass through regions that were heated enough to partially melt. Such partial melts would contain higher levels of elements that are not incorporated readily into major minerals, so have higher concentrations in melted regio ...
Mineralogy, geochemistry and geotectonic of plagiogranites from
... suggested to be derived by low to moderate degree partial melting of hydrated basaltic crust at pressures high enough to stabilize garnet±amphibole (Jiang et al., 2008; Martin et al., 2005). It has been proposed that many oceanic plagiogranites are derived by differentiation of a tholeiitic magma (e ...
... suggested to be derived by low to moderate degree partial melting of hydrated basaltic crust at pressures high enough to stabilize garnet±amphibole (Jiang et al., 2008; Martin et al., 2005). It has been proposed that many oceanic plagiogranites are derived by differentiation of a tholeiitic magma (e ...
Geophysical Journal International
... the Earth’s crust and upper mantle on regional and continental scales. To date, the areas imaged using the method include the United States (Sabra et al. 2005; Shapiro et al. 2005; Moschetti et al. 2007; Bensen et al. 2008; Liang & Langston 2008; Lin et al. 2008; Lawrence & Prieto 2011; Ritzwoller e ...
... the Earth’s crust and upper mantle on regional and continental scales. To date, the areas imaged using the method include the United States (Sabra et al. 2005; Shapiro et al. 2005; Moschetti et al. 2007; Bensen et al. 2008; Liang & Langston 2008; Lin et al. 2008; Lawrence & Prieto 2011; Ritzwoller e ...
A continuous plate-tectonic model using geophysical data to
... how plates are coupled to or generated from mantle flow should not seek to achieve discontinuous plates; such plates are abstractions based on the simple assumptions where is the position vector of a point on the surface of and are of the standard plate model, and are therefore unrealis- the Earth, ...
... how plates are coupled to or generated from mantle flow should not seek to achieve discontinuous plates; such plates are abstractions based on the simple assumptions where is the position vector of a point on the surface of and are of the standard plate model, and are therefore unrealis- the Earth, ...
Formation of metamorphic core complexes in non-over - HAL-Insu
... ~600°C–700°C). Finally, Tirel et al. (2013) developed a model where MCC forms as a result of stacking and exhumation of continental terrains in a back-arc extension context. Moreover, 3D models testing the impact of kinematic extensional boundary conditions demonstrate geometrical ...
... ~600°C–700°C). Finally, Tirel et al. (2013) developed a model where MCC forms as a result of stacking and exhumation of continental terrains in a back-arc extension context. Moreover, 3D models testing the impact of kinematic extensional boundary conditions demonstrate geometrical ...
Mantle plume
A mantle plume is a mechanism proposed in 1971 to explain volcanic regions of the earth that were not thought to be explicable by the then-new theory of plate tectonics. Some such volcanic regions lie far from tectonic plate boundaries, for example, Hawaii. Others represent unusually large-volume volcanism, whether on plate boundaries, e.g. Iceland, or basalt floods such as the Deccan or Siberian traps.A mantle plume is posited to exist where hot rock nucleates at the core-mantle boundary and rises through the Earth's mantle becoming a diapir in the Earth's crust. The currently active volcanic centers are known as ""hot spots"". In particular, the concept that mantle plumes are fixed relative to one another, and anchored at the core-mantle boundary, was thought to provide a natural explanation for the time-progressive chains of older volcanoes seen extending out from some such hot spots, such as the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain.The hypothesis of mantle plumes from depth is not universally accepted as explaining all such volcanism. It has required progressive hypothesis-elaboration leading to variant propositions such as mini-plumes and pulsing plumes. Another hypothesis for unusual volcanic regions is the ""Plate model"". This proposes shallower, passive leakage of magma from the mantle onto the Earth's surface where extension of the lithosphere permits it, attributing most volcanism to plate tectonic processes, with volcanoes far from plate boundaries resulting from intraplate extension.