Internal Structure of the Earth
... compressional) and S (Secondary, shear) waves. Only solids can transmit S-waves. Solids and liquids transmit P waves. We know the earth has a liquid outer core and a solid inner core because it transmits P-waves but not S-waves; we know the inner core is solid based on P-wave to S-wave conversions. ...
... compressional) and S (Secondary, shear) waves. Only solids can transmit S-waves. Solids and liquids transmit P waves. We know the earth has a liquid outer core and a solid inner core because it transmits P-waves but not S-waves; we know the inner core is solid based on P-wave to S-wave conversions. ...
Chapter 4 Exercises 1. Observations and experiments show that rate
... 7. Plutons are more likely than dikes to show the effects of fractional crystallization because they contain a larger volume of melted material and have less surface area for their size and thus are likely to cool more slowing than dikes. 8. The origin of a rock composed almost entirely of olivine w ...
... 7. Plutons are more likely than dikes to show the effects of fractional crystallization because they contain a larger volume of melted material and have less surface area for their size and thus are likely to cool more slowing than dikes. 8. The origin of a rock composed almost entirely of olivine w ...
Earth`s Layers FOLDABLE© Question Sheet
... Reproduction for educational purposes is encouraged. ...
... Reproduction for educational purposes is encouraged. ...
Plate tectonics
... • The lithospheric plates move relative to each other at a very slow but continuous rate that averages about 5 centimeters per year. • This movement is driven by the unequal distribution of heat within Earth (Earth’s convection cycle). – Hot mantle rises, cooler mantle sinks, setting Earth’s outer s ...
... • The lithospheric plates move relative to each other at a very slow but continuous rate that averages about 5 centimeters per year. • This movement is driven by the unequal distribution of heat within Earth (Earth’s convection cycle). – Hot mantle rises, cooler mantle sinks, setting Earth’s outer s ...
Lecture Slides
... To destroy topography, must remove a huge amount of rock. 7 km removed to get rid of 1 km elevation. ...
... To destroy topography, must remove a huge amount of rock. 7 km removed to get rid of 1 km elevation. ...
Study Guide for Plate Tectonics and Volcanoes Test Chap 9 and 10
... Convergent (oceanic-oceanic) Convergent (oceanic-continental) Convergent (continental-continental) Transform Suggestion: see plate boundary summary table we made in class that drew comparison between boundaries Note: plate subduction is a very important process. Be sure to understand it ...
... Convergent (oceanic-oceanic) Convergent (oceanic-continental) Convergent (continental-continental) Transform Suggestion: see plate boundary summary table we made in class that drew comparison between boundaries Note: plate subduction is a very important process. Be sure to understand it ...
Unit Rationale - (Secondary) Teacher
... Continents are made of less dense material than oceanic rock. Continental plates ‘float’ on more dense rock and crack and move, called ‘continental drift’. New rock material is made at ocean ridges causing sea floor spreading. Evidence of the history of sea floor spreading can be seen with the chang ...
... Continents are made of less dense material than oceanic rock. Continental plates ‘float’ on more dense rock and crack and move, called ‘continental drift’. New rock material is made at ocean ridges causing sea floor spreading. Evidence of the history of sea floor spreading can be seen with the chang ...
SGES 1302 Lecture3
... Since the average density of surface material is only around 3000 kg/m3, we must conclude that denser materials exist within Earth's core. Further evidence for the high density core comes from the study of seismology. In its earliest stages, about 4.5 billion years ago, melting would have caused den ...
... Since the average density of surface material is only around 3000 kg/m3, we must conclude that denser materials exist within Earth's core. Further evidence for the high density core comes from the study of seismology. In its earliest stages, about 4.5 billion years ago, melting would have caused den ...
42The Theory of Plate Tectonics
... 4. Answer as many questions on Student Sheet 42.1 as you can. 5. Watch the video segments again. 6. Complete Student Sheet 42.1. ...
... 4. Answer as many questions on Student Sheet 42.1 as you can. 5. Watch the video segments again. 6. Complete Student Sheet 42.1. ...
The Earth`s Interior
... Upward motion of mantle material into extended zone Decompression partial melting associated with near-adiabatic rise N-MORB melting initiated ~ 60-80 km depth in upper depleted mantle where it inherits depleted trace element and isotopic char Region of melting Melt blobs separate at about 25-3 ...
... Upward motion of mantle material into extended zone Decompression partial melting associated with near-adiabatic rise N-MORB melting initiated ~ 60-80 km depth in upper depleted mantle where it inherits depleted trace element and isotopic char Region of melting Melt blobs separate at about 25-3 ...
Layer Earth:Stress - Jamestown School District
... to describe rock that has been broken, tilted, or folded • Fracture - break in rock layers • Faulting- movement of rock layers along an area of fracture • Folding - occurs when rocks are bent upward or downward ...
... to describe rock that has been broken, tilted, or folded • Fracture - break in rock layers • Faulting- movement of rock layers along an area of fracture • Folding - occurs when rocks are bent upward or downward ...
Plate tectonics Assignment
... Geologists have gradually rejected the notion of a rigid Earth with fixed continents and ocean basins. Most now believe that the Earth’s crust is made up of about a dozen plates, which, for reasons not fully understood, move over the interior. Your task is to research some of the ideas that have led ...
... Geologists have gradually rejected the notion of a rigid Earth with fixed continents and ocean basins. Most now believe that the Earth’s crust is made up of about a dozen plates, which, for reasons not fully understood, move over the interior. Your task is to research some of the ideas that have led ...
Earth Science Final Exam Study Guide
... 60. What type of boundary occurs where two plates move together, causing one plate to descend into the mantle beneath the other plate? Convergent boundary 66. In Figure 1-1, Identify each letter. A= crust, B = upper mantle, C = lower mantle, D = Outer core, E Inner core. A + B = lithosphere 67. What ...
... 60. What type of boundary occurs where two plates move together, causing one plate to descend into the mantle beneath the other plate? Convergent boundary 66. In Figure 1-1, Identify each letter. A= crust, B = upper mantle, C = lower mantle, D = Outer core, E Inner core. A + B = lithosphere 67. What ...
Earth Science – Quiz 2
... B) two converging oceanic plates meeting head-on and piling up into a mid-ocean ridge C) a divergent boundary where the continental plate changes to an oceanic plate D) a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions 23. Which one of the following is an im ...
... B) two converging oceanic plates meeting head-on and piling up into a mid-ocean ridge C) a divergent boundary where the continental plate changes to an oceanic plate D) a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions 23. Which one of the following is an im ...
Chapter 14
... • occur when magma is formed by the melting rock at subduction plate boundaries • magma tends to felsic, which makes it very thick – causing violent eruptions • Most of the world’s active volcanoes occur along subduction plate boundaries ...
... • occur when magma is formed by the melting rock at subduction plate boundaries • magma tends to felsic, which makes it very thick – causing violent eruptions • Most of the world’s active volcanoes occur along subduction plate boundaries ...
Dynamic Earth Grade: 8th Lesson: Advance Earth - Geo
... These compositional layers have sharp or abrupt boundaries between them. Whole earth composition is estimated from unbiased samples of meteorites. Earth structure is obtained by combining this with seismic data. Motion of liquid iron and nickel in the outer core gives the Earth a dipole magnetic fi ...
... These compositional layers have sharp or abrupt boundaries between them. Whole earth composition is estimated from unbiased samples of meteorites. Earth structure is obtained by combining this with seismic data. Motion of liquid iron and nickel in the outer core gives the Earth a dipole magnetic fi ...
Seafloor spreading and plate tectonics are major concepts in geology
... destruction of old ocean-floor crust so the earth doesn't constantly expand. This destruction of earth's old crust appears to happen in the areas where it is subducted in to ocean trenches. A ...
... destruction of old ocean-floor crust so the earth doesn't constantly expand. This destruction of earth's old crust appears to happen in the areas where it is subducted in to ocean trenches. A ...
Plate Tectonics - University of Colorado Boulder
... New bathymetric measurements define the continental crust boundary. Do South America and Africa still fit together? If crust is being created at mid-ocean ridges, it should also be consumed. Where is the crust ...
... New bathymetric measurements define the continental crust boundary. Do South America and Africa still fit together? If crust is being created at mid-ocean ridges, it should also be consumed. Where is the crust ...
Mantle plume
A mantle plume is a mechanism proposed in 1971 to explain volcanic regions of the earth that were not thought to be explicable by the then-new theory of plate tectonics. Some such volcanic regions lie far from tectonic plate boundaries, for example, Hawaii. Others represent unusually large-volume volcanism, whether on plate boundaries, e.g. Iceland, or basalt floods such as the Deccan or Siberian traps.A mantle plume is posited to exist where hot rock nucleates at the core-mantle boundary and rises through the Earth's mantle becoming a diapir in the Earth's crust. The currently active volcanic centers are known as ""hot spots"". In particular, the concept that mantle plumes are fixed relative to one another, and anchored at the core-mantle boundary, was thought to provide a natural explanation for the time-progressive chains of older volcanoes seen extending out from some such hot spots, such as the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain.The hypothesis of mantle plumes from depth is not universally accepted as explaining all such volcanism. It has required progressive hypothesis-elaboration leading to variant propositions such as mini-plumes and pulsing plumes. Another hypothesis for unusual volcanic regions is the ""Plate model"". This proposes shallower, passive leakage of magma from the mantle onto the Earth's surface where extension of the lithosphere permits it, attributing most volcanism to plate tectonic processes, with volcanoes far from plate boundaries resulting from intraplate extension.